A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effect of exercise training on daily physical activity (PA) in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from their inception to week 27 ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Institutionalized older persons have a poor functional capacity. Including physical exercise in their routine activities decreases their frailty and improves their quality of life. Whole-body vibration (WBV) training is a type of exercise that seems beneficial in frail older persons to improve their functional mobility, but the evidence ...

Myocellular ATP synthesis (fATP) associates with insulin sensitivity in first-degree relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes. Short-term endurance training can modify their fATP and insulin sensitivity. This study examines the effects of moderate long-term exercise using endurance or resistance training in this cohort. A randomized, parallel-group trial tested 16 ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a 8-week detraining period after a 16-week multicomponent training program including strength and aerobic exercises on the main determinants of aerobic fitness, muscle strength and some metabolic markers in 24 older subjects (60.2 ± 3.0 years). The oxygen uptake at ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers in overweight and obese adults participating in a progressive resistance exercise training program. Twenty-three (26.1 ± 4.7 years) overweight and obese (BMI 31.3 ± 3.2 kg/m2) adults were randomized into a double-blind vitamin ...

The present study assessed the effects of exercise training on biomarkers of inflammation in postinfarction patients. This single-centre prospective randomized controlled trial encompassed 42 patients after the first myocardial infarction divided into exercise-training (n=22) or usual care (n=20) groups. Complete randomization was performed by choosing one of 2 sealed envelopes. ...

Several studies have demonstrated that exercise helps to reduce or prevent cognitive deterioration among older adults, and recent studies have further examined the effects of resistance exercise training on cognition. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of resistance exercise training on cognition in healthy older adults. ...

Due to the variations in morphological and architectural characteristics of fibers within a skeletal muscle, regions of a muscle may be differently affected by eccentric exercise. Although eccentric exercise may be beneficial for increasing muscle mass and can be beneficial for the treatment of tendinopathies, the non-uniform effect of eccentric ...

Intellectual disability affects all spheres of people's lives who suffer from it. It lowers the level of intellectual functioning, often stigmatizes, characteristically changing features, and decreases motor performance. Unfortunately, modern medicine cannot cure intellectual disability; however, there is a chance to improve the quality of life of people with mental ...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether (-)-epicatechin (mainly found in cocoa) could attenuate detraining effects in the hindlimb muscles of mice. Thirty-two male mice were randomized into 4 groups: control, trained, trained with 14 d of detraining and vehicle (DT-14-W), and trained with 14 d of detraining ...

Moderate-intensity endurance exercise training improves vascular endothelial vasomotor function; however, the impact of high-intensity exercise training has been equivocal. Thus, the effect of the physiological stress of the exercise remains poorly understood. Furthermore, enhanced vascular repair mediated by circulating progenitor cells may also be improved. To address whether the physiological ...

The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of aerobic exercise training on saliva steroid hormones [i. e., cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and testosterone], physical capacity, and quality of life in obese diabetic men. 8 abdominally obese type 2 diabetic men (59.5±1.7 years old, BMI=35.5±1.6 kg/m2, waist circumference=119.4±3.3 cm) and 9 healthy ...

Although regular exercise improves submaximal aerobic capacity, there is large variability in its response to exercise training. While this variation is thought to be partly due to genetic differences, relatively little is known about the causal genes. Submaximal aerobic capacity traits in the current report include the responses of oxygen ...

Endurance training has been shown to increase pancreatic β-cell function and mass. However, whether exercise modulates β-cell growth and survival pathways signaling is not completely understood. This study investigated the effects of exercise upon growth and apoptotic markers levels in rat pancreatic islets. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to ...

Endurance training-induced changes in hemodynamic traits are heritable. However, few genes associated with heart rate training responses have been identified. The purpose of our study was to perform a genome-wide association study to uncover DNA sequence variants associated with submaximal exercise heart rate training responses in the HERITAGE Family Study. ...

Low load resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) can increase muscle size and strength but the implications on the conduit artery are uncertain. We examined the effects of low load dynamic handgrip training with and without BFR, and detraining, on measures of brachial artery function and structure. Nine male ...

Purpose: To investigate the impact of whey protein ingestion and resistance exercise training on the phosphorylation of mRNA translational signalling proteins in the skeletal muscle of young and old men. Methods: Sixteen healthy young (aged 18-25 years) and 15 healthy older men (aged 60-75 years) completed 12 weeks of resistance exercise and ...

This study examined the effect of acute exercise and 4 weeks of aerobic training on skeletal muscle gene and protein expression of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors in 14 young male subjects. Training consisted of 60 min of cycling (∼60% of ), 3 times/week. Biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis muscle ...

PURPOSE: Type-2 diabetes is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and elevated C-reactive protein levels (CRP). Aerobic exercise training has been shown to improve CRP, however there are limited data evaluating the effect of other exercise training modalities (aerobic, resistance or combination training) in individuals with type-2 diabetes. METHODS: ...

OBJECTIVE: To provide a synthesis of the evidence from clinical trials to determine whether progressive resistance training, as a single exercise intervention, improves strength and functional performance in older institutionalized adults. METHODS: A comprehensive systematic database search for randomized controlled trials was performed, including AMED, CINAHL, COCHRANE, and all EMB ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the six-minute walk test (6-MWT) can detect changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) induced by exercise training in healthy elderly men. DESIGN: Randomized and prospective controlled trial. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy untrained men, between 65 and 75 years of age, were randomly ...

Buchheit, M, Kuitunen, S, Voss, SC, Williams, BK, Mendez- Villanueva, A, and Bourdon, PC. Physiological strain associated with high-intensity hypoxic intervals in highly trained young runners. J Strength Cond Res 26(1): 94-105, 2012-To examine the physiological strain associated with hypoxic high intensity interval training (HHIT), 8 highly trained young runners ...

This study investigated the effects of different intra-session exercise sequences in the cardiovascular and neuromuscular adaptations induced by concurrent training in elderly. Twenty-six healthy elderly men (64.7±4.1years), were randomly placed into two concurrent training groups: strength training prior to (SE, n=13) or after (ES, n=13) endurance training. Subjects trained strength ...

Santos, TM, Gomes, PSC, Oliveira, BRR, Ribeiro, LG, and Thompson, WR. A new strategy for the implementation of an aerobic training session. J Strength Cond Res 26(1): 87-93, 2012-The objectives were to propose a new strategy for adjusting aerobic training variables based on the eighth American College of Sports Medicine ...

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of training loads on metabolic response of purine derivatives in highly trained sprinters (10 men, age range 20-29 years) in a 1-year cycle, in comparison with endurance training mode in triathletes (10 men, age range 21-28 years). A four-time measurement ...

The aim of the present study was to monitor the changes in indirect markers of muscle damage during 3 weeks (nine training sessions) of stretch-shortening (drop jump) exercise with constant load alternated with steep increases in load. Physically active men (n = 9, mean age 19.1 years) performed a program ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiometabolic effects of exercise training in ovariectomized hypertensive rats both submitted and not submitted to fructose overload. METHODS: Spontaneously hypertensive ovariectomized rats were divided into sedentary and trained (THO) groups submitted to normal chow and sedentary and trained groups submitted ...

PURPOSE: The functional status and outcomes in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) are often limited by poor endurance and pulmonary mechanics which were resulted from the primary diseases or prolonged bedridden. We evaluate the impact of exercise training on pulmonary mechanics, physical functional status, and hospitalization outcomes in PMV ...

OBJECTIVES:The lower esophageal sphincter (LES), surrounded by diaphragmatic muscle, prevents gastroesophageal reflux. When these structures become incompetent, gastric contents may cause gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). For treatment, lifestyle interventions are always recommended. We hypothesized that by actively training the crura of the diaphragm as part of the LES using breathing ...

The aim of this study is to determine whether short term functional electrical stimulation (FES)-assisted cycling training can affect the postural control of stroke patients, and whether the application of FES can enhance the effect of cycling training. 20 stroke patients were randomly assigned to the FES-cycling group (FES-CG) or ...

The purpose of this study was to test the impact of chronic exercise training combined with selective angiotensin II receptor (AT1) antagonism on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the left-ventricular pressure-volume relationship in normotensive, non-infarcted rat hearts. Wistar rats (N = 19) were randomly assigned to either a sedentary control group (N = 8) ...

INTRODUCTION: We compared the effects of eccentrically-biased (EB) and conventional (CONV) resistance training on: muscle architecture, 1 repetition maximum (1RM), isometric strength, isokinetic force-velocity characteristics, functional capacity and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in older men and women. METHODS: Twenty-eight older adults participated in the study (mean±S.D; age 68±5 years). Of ...

It was tested whether heavy strength training, including hip flexion exercise, would reduce the extent of the phase in the crank revolution where negative or retarding crank torque occurs. Negative torque normally occurs in the upstroke phase where the leg is lifted by flexing the hip. Eighteen well-trained cyclists either ...

A growing body of scientific evidence indicates that exercise has a positive impact on human health, including neurological health. Aerobic exercise, which is supposed to enhance cardiovascular functions and metabolism, also induces neurotrophic factors that affect hippocampal neurons, thereby improving spatial learning and memory. Alternatively, little is known about the ...

PURPOSE: Altered autonomic innervation in tetraplegic individuals has been shown to depress certain immune parameters at rest and alter exercise related salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) responses. The purpose of this study was to examine resting sIgA responses as a function of training load and episodes of upper respiratory symptoms (URS) ...

It is now accepted that exercise training is a safe and effective therapeutic intervention to improve clinical status, functional capacity, and quality of life in people with chronic heart failure (CHF). Nevertheless, this therapeutic modality remains underprescribed and underutilized. Both aerobic and resistance training improve exercise capacity and may partially ...

The improvement in exercise performance in response to exercise training varies highly from one patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to another. It is possible that in a portion of patients the muscle stimulus applied during exercise training is insufficient to elicit training effects. We investigated whether patients presenting quadriceps ...

Greater aerobic fitness is associated with improved cardiovascular health. Traditionally high volume (long duration and low intensity) endurance training (ET) has been used to increase aerobic fitness. Interval training where periods of hard exercise are interspersed with periods of recovery can also enhance endurance performance. Sprint interval training (SIT) is ...

Whole body vibration (WBV) has been regarded as an exercise training method and as a non-pharmacological supportive treatment option appearing to be efficient for chronic disease conditions, such as bone disorders and cardio-respiratory fitness. Since, data on the safety and efficacy of vibration on plasma parameters are lacking, therefore, it ...

Stroke survivors experience marked reduction in physical activity and fitness. Regular physical fitness training, started early poststroke, could help recovery in the long term and is recommended in many clinical guidelines. However, implementation of programs is hampered by our current lack of knowledge about what interventions are most effective and ...

To investigate the possibility of using Ryodoraku as a tool to indicate sympathetic neuronal activity. Twenty-two female college students were assigned to an treadmill exercise program (three times a week for six weeks), and another 25 were assigned as controls. Skin conductance levels of the subjects were measured at 24 ...

Reboredo MM, Neder JA, Pinheiro BV, Henrique DM, Faria RS, Paula RB. Constant work-rate test to assess the effects of intradialytic aerobic training in mildly impaired patients with end-stage renal disease: a randomized controlled trial. To investigate if high-intensity constant work rate (CWR) would constitute a more appropriate testing strategy ...

The tropical climate is unique in that the seasons are dominated by the movement of the tropical rain belt, resulting in dry and wet seasons rather than the four-season pattern of changes in temperature and day length seen in other parts of the world. More than 33% of the world ...

The objective of this paper is to introduce a new and reportedly safe training technique, utilizing a vascular restriction stimulus during low intensity rehabilitative exercise and provide a case example within a post-surgical rehabilitation scenario. A brief review of the most commonly reported mechanisms of action behind the purported success ...

To evaluate the efficacy of a 12-week exercise training program for reducing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity and improving sleep quality, and to explore possible mechanisms by which exercise may reduce OSA severity. Randomized controlled trial. Clinical exercise physiology center, sleep laboratory. Forty-three sedentary and overweight/obese adults aged 18-55 years ...

This study examined the effects of pre season training on restring level and acute response of mucosal immunity in male basketball players. Twenty male basketball players performed 8 weeks progressive exercise training, consisting of interval and continuous parts. Five mL un-stimulated saliva was collected from each subject before, immediately and ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of blood flow-restricted training (BFRT) on jump performance in relation to changes in muscle strength. Seventeen untrained young men were assigned into either BFRT or normal training (NORT) groups and performed low-intensity [30-40% of one-repetition maximum (1RM)] resistance exercise (horizontal ...

Exercise training is beneficial in ischemic and congestive heart disease. However, the effect on atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. Forty-nine patients with permanent AF (age [mean ± SD], 70.2 ± 7.8 years; male-to-female ratio, 0.75; body mass index [mean ± SD], 29.7 ± 4.3 kg/m(2)) were randomized to 12-week aerobic ...

Abstract An individual's level of physical activity influences their risk of infection, most likely by affecting immune function. Regular moderate exercise reduces the risk of infection compared with a sedentary lifestyle, but very prolonged bouts of exercise and periods of intensified training are associated with an increased risk of infection. ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the session rate of perceived exertion (RPE) method as a tool to quantify internal training load during interval training in master athletes. In addition, we investigated whether it is appropriate to take into account rest periods when calculating the ...