A growing body of evidence suggests that exercise enhances hippocampal plasticity and function through BDNF up-regulation, which is potentiated by antidepressant treatment. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms mediating the effect of exercise. The present study investigated the effect of treadmill exercise on PI3K/Akt signaling, which mediates synaptic ...

Physical exercise is known to reduce anxiety. The ventral hippocampus has been linked to anxiety regulation but the effects of running on this subregion of the hippocampus have been incompletely explored. Here, we investigated the effects of cold water stress on the hippocampus of sedentary and runner mice and found ...

Sleep deprivation can have deleterious effects on cognitive function and mental health. Moderate exercise training has myriad beneficial effects on cognition and mental health. However, physiological and behavioral effects of chronic moderate sleep restriction and its interaction with common activities, such as moderate exercise training, have received little investigation. The ...

Heat stress is associated with increased fatigue perception and decrements in function for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Similarly, healthy individuals experience decrements in exercise performance during hyperthermia. Alterations in central nervous system (CNS) function during hyperthermia include reduced voluntary activation of muscle and increased effort perception. The purpose of ...

INTRODUCTION: Despite its potential, the validity of the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) test has been questioned because of lack of normalization to the vasodilatory stimulus. The hemodynamic conditions inside blood vessels lead to the development of superficial stress near the vessel walls, which can be divided into 2 categories: (1) circumferential ...

Several studies have found a neuroprotective effect of forced exercise in rodent Parkinson's disease models; however, the evidence for the protective effect of voluntary exercise is mixed. Most of these studies have initiated the exercise after toxin-induced hemiparkinsonism. Few studies have investigated the role of a preconditioning of exercise prior ...

Introduction: Specific ATP release from red blood cells has been discussed as a possible mediator controlling microcirculation in states of decreased tissue oxygen. Since intravascular hemolysis might also contribute to plasma ATP, we tested in vitro, which portion of ATP release is due to hemolysis in typical exercise-induced strains to ...

Abstract Exposure to an uncontrollable stressor elicits a constellation of physiological and behavioral sequelae in laboratory rats that often reflect aspects of anxiety and other emotional disruptions. We review evidence suggesting that plasticity within the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is critical to the expression of uncontrollable stressor-induced anxiety. Specifically, ...

Tendon mechanical properties are thought to degrade during aging but improve with exercise. A remaining question is whether exercise in aged animals provides sufficient regenerative, systemic stimulus to restore younger mechanical behaviors. Herein we address that question with tail tendons from aged and exercised rats, which would be subject to ...

Different stressors induce learning and memory impairment and physical activity influence learning and memory enhancement. In this research, we investigated the effect of synchronized running activity with stress on acquisition and retention time of passive avoidance test. MALE WISTAR RATS WERE RANDOMLY DIVIDED INTO FIVE GROUPS AS FOLLOWS: Control (Co), ...

We assessed whether chronic treadmill exercise attenuated restraint stress-induced cognition impairment. Although serum corticosterone was not significantly altered by exercise, the restraint-induced increases in hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) were reduced by chronic exercise. The exercise paradigm also reversed stress-induced reductions in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which increased cAMP ...

PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence of exercise as a coping behaviour for stress, compare this to other coping behaviours, and examine its demographic, behavioural, and health correlates in a nationally representative sample of Canadians. METHOD: We used data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 1.2, a cross-sectional survey of 36,984 ...

Chronic stress induces high levels of reactive oxygen species, creating a neurotoxic environment. Because exercise protects against the neurodegenerative effects of oxidative stress, we investigated the protective effects of exercise against chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced expression of the proapoptotic cortical B-cell associated X protein (Bax) and cyclooxegenase-2 (Cox-2) as well ...

Multiple evidence suggest the importance of exercise for cognitive and brain functions. Few studies however, compared the behavioral and neural adaptations to force versus voluntary exercise training. Therefore, spatial learning and memory formation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were examined in Wister male rats after 6 weeks of either daily ...

To assess the effects of continuous exercise training at intensities corresponding to 80 and 90 % of the lactate minimum test (LM), we evaluated antioxidant activity, hormone concentration, biochemical analyses and aerobic and anaerobic performance, as well as glycogen stores, during 12 weeks of swimming training in rats. One-hundred rats were separated ...

The loss of cardiac reserve is in part responsible for exercise intolerance in late stage heart failure (HF). Exercise tolerance testing (ETT) has been performed in mouse models of heart failure; however, treadmill performance and at-rest cardiac indices determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) rarely correlate. The current study adopted ...

The loss of muscle mass with age or sarcopenia contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. Thus, preventing muscle loss with age is important for maintaining health. Hsp72, the inducible member of the Hsp70 family, is known to provide protection to skeletal muscle and can be increased by exercise. However, ability ...

Cyclic and static loading regimes are commonly used to study tenocyte metabolism in vitro and to improve our understanding of exercise associated tendon pathologies. The aims of our study were to investigate if cyclic and static stress relaxation affected the mechanical properties of tendon fascicles differently, if this effect was ...

Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) is a nuclear transcription factor which is a component of the central autoregulatory feedback loop that governs the generation of biological rhythms. Homozygous Clock mutant mice contain a truncated CLOCK(Δ19) protein within somatic cells, subsequently causing an impaired ability to rhythmically express circadian genes. ...

While increasing evidence demonstrates that physical exercise promotes brain health, little is known on how the reduction of physical activity affects brain function. We investigated whether the cessation of wheel running alters anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors and its impact on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice (4 weeks ...

BACKGROUND:Several studies have demonstrated antinociception induced by exercise; however, the specific mechanisms for this effect are not well understood. Thus, we investigated the involvement of α2-adrenergic receptors (α2-ARs) in the antinociceptive effect produced by exercise in rats and mice.METHODS:Male Wistar rats performed acute aerobic (AA) and acute resistance exercise protocols, ...

Objective: Although home exercises are commonly prescribed following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and are considered important in obtaining successful rehabilitation outcomes, little is known about factors associated with the completion of such exercises. Consequently, this study was designed to identify predictors of adherence to home rehabilitation exercises after ACL ...

Mental stress has been identified as a trigger of myocardial infarction (MI), with inflammation and vascular responses to mental stress independently implicated as contributing factors. This study examined whether inflammation moderates the vascular responses to mental stress. Eighteen healthy male participants completed a stress task under two counter balanced conditions. ...

It is well established that regimented resistance training can promote increases in muscle hypertrophy. The prevailing body of research indicates that mechanical stress is the primary impetus for this adaptive response and studies show that mechanical stress alone can initiate anabolic signalling. Given the dominant role of mechanical stress in ...

BACKGROUND Studies in youth show an association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity to acute psychological stress and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT). Submaximal exercise produces similar cardiovascular responses as acute psychological stress and may be a valuable tool to assess SBP reactivity in youth. However, it has not yet ...

Physical exercise effects on brain health and cognitive performance have been described. Synaptic remodeling in hippocampus induced by physical exercise has been described in animal models, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Changes in astrocytes, the glial cells involved in synaptic remodeling, need more characterization. We investigated the effect ...

25% to 30% of Veterans deployed to the 1990 to 1991 Persian Gulf War exhibit an idiopathic syndrome of chronic fatigue, exertional exhaustion, pain, hyperalgesia, cognitive and affective dysfunction known as Gulf War Illness (GWI). Gulf War veterans (n=15) and sedentary veteran and civilian controls (n=11) completed a 2-back working ...

We all encounter various forms of stress every single day. Stress can be caused by family issues, relationships, children and especially work. With the ever-growing demands that are placed on Healthcare Security professionals today, career burnout associated with stress is becoming more and more common. In this article, the author ...

A 56-year-old man with multiple risk factors undergoing evaluation for chest pain developed ST elevations in multiple leads during exercise stress test. These ST elevations were not classical of ischaemic pattern. The coronary angiogram showed normal coronaries. The false-positive ST elevation was due to an error in the computer-synthesised averaging ...

False-positive findings with myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) have frequently been identified in the presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB) and tend to lower the accuracy of MPI in individuals with normal coronary angiographs. Pharmacologic stress is recognized as the preferred method for MPI in patients with LBBB. In contrast, ...

For asymptomatic patients with moderate-severe valvular heart disease, in whom symptoms may be obscured, objective exercise tolerance measures are warranted for decisions concerning physical activities and surgical treatment. We compared 61 patients (39 with aortic stenosis, 22 with aortic or mitral regurgitation) to 23 controls without valvular heart disease but ...

PURPOSE: Exercise training might exert its beneficial effects on myocardial perfusion by inducing coronary vascular adaptations or enhancing collateralization. We evaluated whether long-term exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation started early after ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) improves myocardial perfusion and left ventricular (LV) function. METHODS: Forty-six patients with recent STEMI and residual ...

Some form of exercise is helpful to achieve target heart rate (THR) in patients undergoing dobutamine Technetium-99 Sestamibi (Cardiolite(®)) stress tests. The outcomes of low-level exercise (slow treadmill walking) and isometric exercises to achieve THR during dobutamine Cardiolite(®) stress tests have not been examined. The purpose of this study was ...

Recent reports demonstrate that the beneficial effects of voluntary exercise may be sensitive to stress prior to and during the wheel access period. Here, a variate stress procedure is used with socially isolated mice for 7 days prior to the introduction of running wheels to assess the impact of prior ...

The primary objective of this review is to provide an overview of how overtraining and the overtraining syndrome (OTS) affect the immune system of athletes. A secondary objective is to provide sports medicine clinicians with guidance as to how best to prevent and/or treat some of the health consequences of ...

OBJECTIVE: Noninvasive differentiation between ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and nonischemic (NICM) cardiomyopathy is frequently difficult. The aim of this study was to analyze the value of stress test and stress-rest gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) criteria to differentiate between ICM and NICM. METHODS: Data pertaining to 145 consecutive patients (mean ...

BACKGROUND: Physical stress tolerance (ST) is a measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness. Aerobic capacity is reduced in heart failure (HF) although there is no data available on this parameter in animals with ventricular dysfunction and no signs of HF. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate ST in rats with ventricular diastolic dysfunction isolated or associated ...

Regular exercise improves learning and memory, including during aging process. Interestingly, the imbalance of epigenetic mechanisms has been linked to age-related cognitive deficits. However, studies about epigenetic alterations after exercise during the aging process are rare. In this preliminary study we investigated the effect of aging and exercise on DNA ...

We have developed a novel, low-cost device designed to monitor and modulate locomotor activity in murine subjects. This technology has immediate application to the study of effects of physical exercise on various neurobiological endpoints, and will also likely be useful in the study of psychomotor sensitization and drug addiction. Here ...

Evolution favored individuals with superior cognitive and physical abilities under conditions of limited food sources, and brain function can therefore be optimized by intermittent dietary energy restriction (ER) and exercise. Such energetic challenges engage adaptive cellular stress-response signaling pathways in neurons involving neurotrophic factors, protein chaperones, DNA-repair proteins, autophagy, and ...

Exercise increases resistance against stress-related disorders such as anxiety and depression. Similarly, the perception of control is a powerful predictor of neurochemical and behavioral responses to stress, but whether the experience of choosing to exercise, and exerting control over that exercise, is a critical factor in producing exercise-induced stress resistance ...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle oxygenation during low-intensity resistance exercise as well as postexercise expression of molecules related to physiological angiogenesis. Using a randomized cross-over design, six apparently healthy young adults (22 ± 1 yr) performed 120 unilateral ...

Exercise affects neuroplasticity and neurotransmission including dopamine (DA), which modulates drug-taking behavior. Previous research in rodents has shown that exercise may attenuate the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse. The present study examined the effects of high and low exercise on cocaine responses in male Wistar rats that had been ...

BACKGROUND: There are conflicting data on the incidence of ischemia by stress echocardiography in patients referred for dyspnea without accompanying chest pain. METHODS: A total of 311 consecutive patients with exertional dyspnea (without chest pain) referred to the echocardiography lab for ischemia evaluation from August 2008 to March 2012 were ...

We have previously reported that mild fluid percussion injury (FPI) is associated with a heightening of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response during the first postinjury weeks. This is the same time period when rehabilitative exercise has been strongly suggested to be ineffective. Here we explored if cardiac and temperature autonomic function ...

Abstract The glucocorticoid hormones corticosterone (CORT) and cortisol influence numerous physiological, morphological, and behavioral functions. However, few studies have addressed possible relationships between individual differences in glucocorticoid concentrations and whole-animal performance or metabolism. Because CORT is important in glucose regulation and energy metabolism and can influence activity levels, we hypothesized ...

Traditional continuous aerobic exercise training attenuates age-related increases of arterial stiffness, however, training studies have not determined whether metabolic stress impacts these favourable effects. Twenty untrained healthy participants (n = 11 heavy metabolic stress interval training, n = 9 moderate metabolic stress interval training) completed 6 weeks of moderate or heavy intensity interval training matched ...

Changes in technology in the radiology department and an emphasis on multitasking can lead to stress and burnout, along with the potential for medical errors. A shift in viewpoint and exercises in self-evaluation can help radiologic technologists learn to manage change in a positive manner. Learning to approach change through ...

PURPOSE:: Research describing whether stress management can improve clinical outcomes for patients in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has yielded equivocal findings. METHODS:: The present investigation retrospectively examined the incremental impact of exercise and stress management (n = 188), relative to exercise only (n = 1389), on psychosocial and physical health outcomes ...

OBJECTIVE: The present study has focused on the identification of differences between the expression pattern of TGF-β signaling pathway genes in athletes after exercise. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of three healthy cyclists, which were collected pre-exercise, immediately postexercise, and after 15 min of recovery. The analysis of ...