Oxidative stress is supposed to be responsible for a diversity of diseases. For protection purposes, the human organism exhibits a line-up of antioxidant substances functioning as radical catchers. As a result of neutralization of free radicals, antioxidants are destroyed. Therefore, the degradation of the antioxidants can be utilized as an ...

Exercise benefits a variety of organ systems in mammals, and some of the best-recognized effects of exercise on muscle are mediated by the transcriptional co-activator PPAR-γ co-activator-1 α (PGC1-α). Here we show in mouse that PGC1-α expression in muscle stimulates an increase in expression of FNDC5, a membrane protein that ...

Physical fitness expressed through exercise can be, if done with the right intention, a form of spiritual discipline that reflects the relational love of humanity to God as well as an expression of a healthy love of the embodied self. Through an analysis of the physiological benefits of exercise science ...

There is abundant animal data attempting to identify the neural circuitry involved in cardiovascular control. Translating this research into humans has been made possible using functional neurosurgery during which deep brain stimulating electrodes are implanted into various brain nuclei for the treatment of chronic pain and movement disorders. This not ...

Laboratory-based surveillance for diarrheal and respiratory illness was conducted at the 2009 Republic of the Philippines-United States Balikatan exercise to determine the presence of specific pathogens endemic in the locations where the military exercises were conducted. Ten stool and 6 respiratory specimens were obtained from individuals meeting case definitions for ...

Eukaryotic cells generally function in a reduced state, but an amount of reactive species is essential for several biochemical processes. The antioxidant network is the defensive mechanism that occurs when the concentration of reactive species exceeds a threshold. Polyphenolic compounds present in plant extracts are potent antioxidants in vitro, but ...

The present study investigated whether exercise induces the expression of PGC-1αα splice variants in human skeletal muscle and the possible influence of metabolic perturbation on this response. The subjects exercised one leg for 45 min with restricted blood flow (R-leg), followed by 45 min of exercise using the other leg ...

The aim of the study is to investigate the reduction of stress in dogs in municipal shelters through easy-to-implement activities, ie, 25-minute sessions of exercise and human contact, that do not require a significant investment in terms of funding, staff or time. The results demonstrate that the dogs taking part ...

The skeletal muscle-specific calpain-3 protease is likely involved in muscle repair, although the mechanism is not known. Physiological activation of calpain-3 occurs 24h following eccentric exercise in humans. Functional consequences of calpain-3 activation are not known, however calpain-3 has been suggested to be involved in nuclear signaling via NFkB. To ...

  The aim of this review is to update the reader as to the association between physical exercise and melatonin, and to clarify how the melatonin rhythm may be affected by different types of exercise. Exercise may act as a zeitgeber, although the effects of exercise on the human circadian ...

Physical inactivity is associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk which cannot be fully explained by traditional or novel risk factors. Inactivity is also associated with changes in hemodynamic stimuli, which exert direct effects on the vasculature leading to remodeling and a pro-atherogenic phenotype. In this review we synthesize and ...

The following article from The Journal of Physiology, 'Exercise induces interleukin-8 expression in human skeletal muscle', by Thorbjorn CA Akerstrom, Adam Steensberg, Pernille Keller, Charlotte Keller, Milena Penkowa and Bente Klarlund Pedersen, published in The Journal of Physiology 563(2): 507-516, and online ahead of print on 23 December 2004 (doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.077610), ...

OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity (DIO) is associated with a chronic systemic low-grade inflammation, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an important role in the link among insulin resistance, inflammation, and obesity. The current study aimed to analyze the effect of exercise on TLR4 expression and activation in obese ...

The question whether human beings have free will has been debated by philosophers and theologians for thousands of years. More recently, neuroscientists have applied novel concepts and tools in neuroscience to address this question. We submit that human beings do have free will and the physiological substrate for its exercise ...

The increased lethality of nineteenth-century “arms of precision” caused military formations to disperse in combat, transforming the ordinary soldier from a near automaton, drilled to deliver random fire under close supervision, into a moral agent who exercised a degree of choice about where, when, and how to fire his weapon. ...

Stress often negatively impacts physical and mental health but it has been suggested that voluntary physical activity may benefit health by reducing some of the effects of stress. The present experiments tested whether voluntary exercise can reduce heart rate, core body temperature and locomotor activity responses to acute (novelty or ...

Electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring allows temporal analysis of cardiac rhythm. We are usually interested in the variability of two components of the ECG: RR interval (a surrogate marker of cardiac interval) and QT interval (the duration of ventricular depolarization/repolarization). Quantification of RR rhythm, called heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, reflects the ...

Upon conviction for particular traffic offenses, drivers can have their licenses revoked. Drivers who receive license revocation have an opportunity to apply for a sentence reduction, and some of those who apply receive a reduced sanction - license suspension. There may be differences between drivers whose license was revoked as ...

Transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) involves the application of an electrical current through electrodes placed on the skin over the targeted muscles. During high-frequency NMES (HF-NMES), oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, and the degree of symptom perception (dyspnea and fatigue) have been shown to be acceptable in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ...

the aim of this study was to determine whether depressive symptoms are related to alterations in the sensitivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to β-adrenergic agonists in patients with heart failure (HF) by measuring in vitro chemotaxis (CTX) to isoproterenol at rest and after acute exercise in patients with HF ...

Analysis of short-term heart rate variability (HRV) may provide useful information about autonomic nervous control of heart rate recovery. We studied 495 individuals (273 men), age range 19-85 years, submitted to treadmill exercise tests and short-term HRV evaluations over time (standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval [SDNN], the square root ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine whether autonomic modulation of heart rate as measured by heart rate variability and heart rate complexity at rest and during static handgrip exercise differs between individuals with and without paraplegia. This study also examined the relationships between heart rate complexity and ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of 12 weeks of resistance exercise training (RET) on disease severity and autonomic modulation at rest and after acute leg resistance exercise in women with fibromyalgia (FM) and healthy controls (HCs). DESIGN: Before-after trial. SETTING: Testing and training occurred in a university setting. PARTICIPANTS: Women ...

A 16-year-old boy had a gradual onset of post-exercise myalgia with progressive fatigue and dizziness. He had bradycardia (37 beats/minute) with low supine and normal standing norepinephrine levels (56 and 311 pg/mL, respectively). He had absent sympathetically mediated vasoconstrictor responses during Valsalva maneuver testing. Circulating ganglionic acetylcholine receptor antibodies were ...

Heart rate variability (HRV) provides important information about cardiac autonomic modulation. Since it is a noninvasive and inexpensive method, HRV has been used to evaluate several parameters of cardiovascular health. However, the internal reproducibility of this method has been challenged in some studies. Our aim was to determine the intra-individual ...

We tested the hypotheses that the heart rate (HR) response to muscle metaboreflex activation induced by postexercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) varies considerably among subjects and that individual differences in the HR response are associated with differences in cardiac autonomic tone and/or arterial baroreflex function during PEMI. Fifty-one healthy subjects (36 ...

Purpose. Heart rate variability (HRV) decreases after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to changes in cardiac autonomic balance. The purpose of the present study, therefore, was to evaluate the effects of a progressive exercise protocol used in phase I cardiac rehabilitation on the HRV of patients with post-AMI. Material and ...

Sleep apnoea, with repeated periods of hypoxia, results in cardiovascular morbidity and concomitant autonomic dysregulation. Trained apnoea divers also perform prolonged apnoeas accompanied by large lung volumes, large reductions in cardiac output and severe hypoxia and hypercapnia. We tested the hypothesis that apnoea training would be associated with decreased cardiovagal ...

The present study has investigated in conscious rats the influence of the duration of physical training sessions on cardiac autonomic adaptations by using different approaches; 1) double blockade with methylatropine and propranolol; 2) the baroreflex sensitivity evaluated by alternating bolus injections of phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside; and 3) the autonomic ...

Heart failure (HF) is associated with resting increased peripheral and central chemosensitivity which may correlate with an increased ventilatory response to exercise. However, its sensitivity in HF during exercise was never really reported. We tested if stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors in HF patients could modulate ventilatory, chronotropic, and ...

Women demonstrate greater RR interval variability than men of similar age. Enhanced parasympathetic input into cardiac regulation appears to be not only greater in women, but also protective during periods of cardiac stress. Even though women may have a more favorable autonomic profile after exercise, little research has been conducted ...

PURPOSE: To test the utility of HR variability (HRV) in daily exercise prescription in moderately active (approximately two exercises per week) men and women. METHODS: A total of 21 men and 32 women were divided into standard training (ST: males = 7 and females = 7), HRV-guided training (HRV-I: males ...

AIM: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between heart rate recovery (HRR) time and Chronotropic Index (CHIND) parameters, which also reflect autonomic function, after exercise stress test (EST) in males with or without erectile dysfunction (ED), and we investigated the relationship between HRR and CHIND and serum ...

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive, practical and reproducible measure of autonomic nervous system function. A heart rate that is variable and responsive to demands is believed to bestow a survival advantage, whereas reduced HRV may be associated with poorer cardiovascular health and outcomes. In recent years, many researchers ...

Anemia is frequent in chronic heart failure (HF). To calculate what change in peak oxygen uptake ( VO(2)) should be expected in the event of changes in hemoglobin concentration, we studied the correlation between peak VO(2) and hemoglobin concentration in a large HF population. We carried out retrospective analysis of ...

OBJECTIVES: Identify the underlying role of resting heart rate variability (HRV) in the hearts response to graded exercise testing (GXT). METHODS: Resting 5-min HRV and heart rate (HR) measurements were made in 33 volunteers (19 males, median age 34, range 25-63 years and 14 females median age 48, range 21-63 ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of an exercise-training program on heart-rate-variability (HRV) indices in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). DESIGN: Controlled clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: 10 people with DS, age 24.2 +/- 5.1 y (group A), and 10 age-matched healthy sedentary individuals (group B). METHOD: At baseline all subjects underwent a ...

The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the association between compliance with non-pharmacological recommendations (diet, fluid restriction, weighing, exercise) and outcome in patients with heart failure (HF). In total 830 patients after an HF hospitalization participated in the study (age 70 +/- 11; left ventricular ejection fraction 34%). ...

This study examined the effects of endurance exercise on nocturnal autonomic modulation. Nocturnal R-R intervals were collected after a rest day, after a moderate endurance exercise and after a marathon run in ten healthy, physically active men. Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed as a continuous four-hour period starting 30 ...

C57BL/6 mice develop signs and symptoms comparable, in part, to the human metabolic syndrome. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of exercise training on carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profile, visceral adiposity, pancreatic islet alterations, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in C57BL/6 mice. Animals were fed one ...

BACKGROUND: Functional limitations, altered cardiac autonomic activity, and psychological distress are known disorders in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients, relating to increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of an exercise training program on emotional parameters and heart rate variability (HRV) indices, as well ...

The autonomic regulation of the heart was studied in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) during digestion and aerobic exercise by measuring cardiac output (Q), heart rate (f(H)), stroke volume (V(s)) and oxygen consumption (MO(2)) before and after pharmacological blockade by intraperitoneal injections of atropine and propranolol. The significant rise in ...

Exercise training has been reported to exert beneficial effects on cardiac function and to reduce morbidity and mortality of chronic heart failure (HF). Augmented sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, leading to elevated circulating catecholamine (CA) levels, is a hallmark of chronic HF that significantly aggravates this disease. Exercise training has ...

BACKGROUND: Moxonidine, an imidazoline I1 receptor agonist, is a centrally acting antihypertensive agent having sympatholytic effect. However, there are only limited data regarding the effects of this drug on autonomic cardiac functions. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study we investigated the acute effects of moxonidine on cardiac autonomic modulation by ...

Analysis of short-term (5-minute) heart rate variability (HRV) may provide useful information about autonomic nervous control of the cardiovascular system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the results of treadmill exercise testing (TET) and short-term (5-minute) HRV. Patients undertaking TET were anteriorly evaluated with ...

PURPOSE: Various measures of autonomic function have been developed, and their applicability and significance during exercise are controversial. METHODS: Physiological data were therefore obtained from 23 sport students before, during, and after exercise. Measures of R-R interval variability, QT variability index (QTvi), and electrodermal activity (EDA) were calculated. We applied ...

Prior exercise research and the recently completed HF-ACTION (Heart Failure and A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training) trial indicate that regular exercise represents an effective therapy in the management of patients with stable chronic heart failure (HF) due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. This review summarizes the results ...

Obesity, physical inactivity and altered estrogen metabolism play an integrated role contributing to the disease risk profiles of postmenopausal women. These same risk factors also affect modulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). We examined 332 postmenopausal, overweight, previously sedentary women (mean+/-SD; age, 57.6+/-6.3 years; weight, 84.3+/-11.9kg; BMI, 31.7+/-3.7kg/m(2)) participating ...

To explore the acute effects of submaximal exercise on blood rheology and sympathetic nerve activity. The effects of exercise (20 or 80 Watts (W)) on blood rheology and sympathetic nerve activity were assessed in 10 healthy Japanese men. Blood sampling and heart rate variability (HRV) recording were performed during 20-min ...

OBJECTIVE: To test the autonomic control of cardiovascular reflexes and heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and during orthostatic stress in narcolepsy with cataplexy (NC). METHODS: Ten NC patients with a hypocretin deficit and 18 control subjects underwent head-up tilt test (HUTT), Valsalva manoeuvre, deep breathing and cold face under ...