Objectives. While long-term endurance exercise is known to increase cardiac biomarkers, only a few studies on short-term exercise and these markers have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of a one-hour bicycle spinning on cardiac biomarkers in healthy individuals. Design. Serum levels of ...

To determine beneficial effects of short-term galactose (GAL) supplementation over a 50:50 glucose-maltodextrin (GLUC) equivalent on self-paced endurance cycling performance. On 2 separate occasions, subjects performed a 100-km self-paced time trial (randomized and balanced order). This was interspersed with four 1-km and four 4-km maximal efforts reflecting the physical requirements ...

The current study examined the effect of sprint interval exercise on postexercise oxygen consumption, respiratory-exchange ratio (RER), substrate oxidation, and blood pressure in adolescents. Participants were 10 normal-weight healthy youth (7 female), age 15-18 years. After overnight fasts, each participant undertook 2 trials in a random balanced order: (a) two ...

The efficacy of drinks containing low concentrations of CHO (2%-6%) on physical performance in cool and warm environments was evaluated. In two separate but related studies, 24 healthy males completed a familiarization trial and four trials to volitional exhaustion (TTE) at 70% V˙O2max in cool conditions (10°C, n = 12) ...

Dementia cases may reach 100 million by 2050. Interventions are sought to curb or prevent cognitive decline. Exercise yields cognitive benefits, but few older adults exercise. Virtual reality-enhanced exercise or "exergames" may elicit greater participation. To test the following hypotheses: (1) stationary cycling with virtual reality tours ("cybercycle") will enhance ...

Marsh, CE. Evaluation of the ACSM submaximal treadmill running test for predicting &OV0312;o2max. J Strength Cond Res 26(2): 548-554, 2012-The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the American College of Sports Medicine's (ACSM's) submaximal treadmill running test in predicting &OV0312;o2max. Twenty-one moderately well-trained men aged 18-34 ...

Zourdos, MC, Wilson, JM, Sommer, BA, Lee, S-R, Park, Y-M, Henning, PC, Panton, LB, and Kim, J-S. Effects of dynamic stretching on energy cost and running endurance performance in trained male runners. J Strength Cond Res 26(2): 335-341, 2012-The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dynamic ...

Due to the well-defined role of β-alanine as a substrate of carnosine (a major contributor to H(+) buffering during high-intensity exercise), β-alanine is fast becoming a popular ergogenic aid to sports performance. There have been several recent qualitative review articles published on the topic, and here we present a preliminary ...

Despite mortality from heart disease has been decreasing, the decline in death in women remains lower than in men. Hypertension (HT) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, approaches to prevent or delay the onset of HT would be valuable in women. Given this background, we investigated the ...

An RS4-type resistant starch is a chemically modified starch that shows reduced availability in comparison to the corresponding unmodified starch. Hydroxypropylated distarch phosphate (HDP) is an RS4-type resistant starch that increases energy expenditure and prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity through increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation. The aim of this study was ...

Foods high in monounsaturated fat, such as olive oil, and endurance exercise are both known to independently reduce postprandial TAG concentrations. We examined the combined effects of exercise and dietary fat composition on postprandial TAG concentrations in nine healthy pre-menopausal females (age 26·8 (sd 3·3) years, BMI 22·3 (sd 2·0) kg/m2). ...

PURPOSE: As a follow up to previous smaller-scale studies, the purpose of the present study was to examine the link between cardiorespiratory fitness (VO(2max;) maximum oxygen uptake) using a nationally representative U.S. sample of adults. METHOD: Data from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used in ...

AIM: Sprint exercise is characterized by repeated sessions of brief intermittent exercise at a high relative workload. However, little is known about the effect on mTOR pathway, an important link in the regulation of muscle protein synthesis. An earlier training study showed a greater increase in muscle fibre cross-sectional area ...

High-volume endurance exercise (END) improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) but many individuals cite ''lack of time'' as a barrier to regular participation. High-intensity interval training (HIT) is a time-efficient method to induce physiological adaptations similar to END, but little is known regarding the effect of HIT in ...

BACKGROUND: -Little is known about the optimum way to deliver exercise to older, functionally impaired heart failure patients. We tested whether an exercise programme tailored to the needs of older heart failure patients could improve exercise capacity and quality of life or reduce costs to the NHS. METHODS AND RESULTS: ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of diet versus exercise intervention on weight reduction. METHODS: Participants were randomly divided by gender, age, and living area into four groups: group DE (diet and exercise, n = 16), group D (diet only, n = 15), group E (exercise only, n = 15), and group C (control, n = 16). This study ultimately aimed to help ...

Background: Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness relate to better cognitive performance. Little is known about the effects of fitness on structural brain abnormalities in the elderly. Objective: Assess the association between maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2)max), white matter lesion (WML) volume and brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) in a large cohort of ...

A review of patient notification exercises (PNEs) carried out in Ireland between 1997 and 2011 to investigate potential exposure to blood-borne viruses (BBVs) in healthcare settings was undertaken to inform future policy and practice. A questionnaire was sent to key informants in the health services to identify all relevant PNEs. ...

Warm-up is used before every competitive sporting activity as a means to activate the body, reduce the risk of injury and increase performance in subsequent tasks. However, there is little information on how long the effects of warm-up last. This is of particular interest in basketball playing, since no rewarm-up ...

Previous weighted vest interventions utilizing exercise in addition to hypergravity have been successful in improving postural balance and power production capacity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if hypergravity alone in daily activities excluding sporting activities is effective in improving neuromuscular performance in young adults. Eight male ...

RATIONALE: The relationship between interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) and exercise capacity has not been comprehensively evaluated. OBJECTIVES: To assess the validity of the six-minute walk test (6MWT) in subjects with ILA, and to examine the association between ILA and six minute walk distance (6MWD). METHODS: Spearman correlation coefficients were used ...

BackgroundAcute ankle sprains are usually managed functionally, with advice to undertake progressive weight-bearing and walking. Mechanical loading is an important modular of tissue repair; therefore, the clinical effectiveness of walking after ankle sprain may be dose dependent. The intensity, magnitude and duration of load associated with current functional treatments for ...

Background: Previous studies with small sample sizes reported contradicting findings as to whether pulmonary function tests can predict exercise-induced oxygen desaturation (EID). Objective: To evaluate whether forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)), resting oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) are predictors of EID in chronic ...

Since the mechanism(s) underlying menopause-related sarcopenia remain unknown we aimed to investigate the role of physical inactivity in its etiology. Ovariectomized and sham-operated rats were allocated into 2 experimental groups: 1) sedentary-standard housing; and 2) exercise-housed with running wheel. After a 9-month experimental period, soleus muscle structure and biochemical properties ...

Exercise increases peak VO2 partially through muscle adaptations. However, understanding muscle adaptations related to exercise dose is incomplete. This study investigated exercise training dose on capillaries per fiber and capillaries per area; and citrate synthase from vastus lateralis and related both to changes in peak VO2. This randomized trial compared ...

There is a growing interest in training for and competing in race distances that exceed the marathon; however, little is known regarding the vascular effects of participation in such prolonged events, which last multiple consecutive hours. There exists some evidence that cardiovascular function may be impaired following extreme prolonged exercise, ...

Physical activity modulates inflammation and immune response in both normal and pathologic conditions. We investigated whether regular and moderate exercise before the induction of experimental sepsis reduces the risk of lung and distal organ injury and survival. One hundred and twenty-four BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to 2 groups: sedentary ...

This study aimed to evaluate if androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) abuse may induce cardiac autonomic dysfunction in recreational trained subjects. Twenty-two men were volunteered for the study. The AAS group (n = 11) utilized AAS at mean dosage of 410 ± 78.6 mg/week. All of them were submitted to submaximal exercise testing using an Astrand-Rhyming protocol. ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Sport drinks are ubiquitous within the recreational and competitive fitness and sporting world. Most are manufactured and artificially flavored carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages. Recently, attention has been given to coconut water, a natural alternative to manufactured sport drinks, with initial evidence indicating efficacy with regard to maintaining hydration. We compared ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was the recording of physical activity and sedentary habits of adolescents with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: We performed a structured interview to assess the level of physical activity and sedentary habits of girls with PCOS. We used a group of healthy adolescents ...

BACKGROUND:Obesity is associated with reduced exercise maximal fat oxidation rate (FATmax), which is generally assessed by cardiopulmonary cycling test. The six-minute walking test (6MWT) presents an alternative method in patients.OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to establish a practical reference equation facilitating the prediction of FATmax from the 6MWT in ...

BACKGROUND: Maximal consumption of oxygen [Formula: see text]O(2)max) during exercise is used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to stratify perioperative risk. However, the impact of therapeutic hyperoxia (i.e., use of supplemental oxygen to prevent hypoxemia during exercise) on [Formula: see text]O(2)max and other ventilatory parameters during maximal ...

BACKGROUND: Advances in medical and surgical care have contributed to an important increase in the survival rates of children with congenital heart disease. However, survivors often have decreased exercise capacity and health-related issues that affect their quality of life. Cardiac Rehabilitation Programmes have been extensively studied in adults with acquired ...

This feasibility study assessed the effects of an exercise plus group-based self-regulatory skills intervention on obese youths' physical activity, social cognitions, body composition and strength. Forty-three obese youth (male = 13, BMI > 95th percentile; 10-16 yrs) completed this 12-week intervention. Assessments were taken at baseline, week 6, 13 and ...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare calf tissue oxygenation responses to calf exercise in men without diagnosed peripheral arterial disease but with selected risk factors for peripheral arterial disease with those without risk factors. DESIGN: A cross-sectional quasi-experimental design was used. The no-risk group (n = 20) had none of ...

Background: Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) have decreased glutathione levels and elevated homocysteine levels. These substances are considered markers of health, and an inverse relationship has been suggested through the transsulfuration pathway. This experiment tested the effects of exercise and B vitamin supplementation on homocysteine and glutathione levels, and if ...

BACKGROUND:: Arterial stiffness is increased in hypertension, even at an earlier stage. The blood pressure (BP) response to exercise reflects the future risk of developing hypertension. We investigated the relationship between the pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the BP response to exercise to evaluate whether arterial stiffness is increased in ...

PURPOSE: Supervised exercise interventions can elicit numerous positive health outcomes in older breast cancer survivors. However, to maintain these benefits, regular exercise needs to be maintained long after the supervised program. This may be difficult, as in this transitional period (i.e., time period immediately following a supervised exercise program), breast ...

Centenarians are an outstanding model of successful aging, with genetics and healthy lifestyle certainly being key factors responsible for their longevity. Exercise capacity has been identified to play an important role in healthy aging, but a comprehensive assessment of the limitations to maximal exercise in this population is lacking. Following, ...

PURPOSE: Clinical trials have demonstrated the benefits of exercise for cancer survivors. This investigation determined the effectiveness and safety of a disseminated community-based exercise program for cancer survivors who had completed treatment. METHODS: Personal trainers from regional YMCAs received training in cancer rehabilitation and supervised twice-a-week, 12-week group exercise sessions ...

Recreational physical activity in 25-year-old women in Sweden increases bone mineral density (BMD) in the trochanter by 5.5% when combining regularity and impact. Jogging and spinning were especially beneficial for hip BMD (6.4-8.5%). Women who enjoyed physical education in school maintained their higher activity level at age 25. INTRODUCTION: The ...

There is uncertainty regarding the association between the function of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) and pelvic girdle pain (PGP), and whether exercises to strengthen the PFM should be recommended for patients with PGP. This one-to-one matched case-control study examined whether there is any difference in voluntary PFM function between ...

Submaximal exercise gas analysis may be a useful method to assess and track pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) severity. The aim of the present study was to develop an algorithm, using exercise gas exchange data, to assess and monitor PAH severity. Forty patients with PAH participated in the study, completing a ...

Vancampfort D, Probst M, Scheewe T, Knapen J, De Herdt A, De Hert M. The functional exercise capacity is correlated with global functioning in patients with schizophrenia. Objective:  The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is commonly used to measure the functional exercise capacity in chronic patients with cardiovascular diseases. The purpose ...

BackgroundOverweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of chronic diseases and mortality. Exercise capacity is inversely associated with mortality risk. However, little is known on the interaction between fitness, fatness, and mortality risk in hypertensive individuals. Thus, we assessed the interaction between exercise capacity, fatness, and all-cause mortality in ...

We investigated the validity of employing a fuzzy piecewise prediction equation (PW) [J Appl Physiol, 107:379, 2009] defined by sweat rate (m(sw), g•m(-2)•h(-1)) = 147+1.527• (E(req)) - 0.87• (E(max)), which integrates evaporation required (E(req)) and the maximum evaporative capacity of the environment (Emax). Heat exchange and physiological responses were determined ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of bench step exercise on arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the associated contribution of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 bioactivity and nitric oxide (NO). DESIGN: Twenty-six elderly (post-menopausal) women were randomly allocated to a bench step exercise group or a control group. The participants in ...

Skeletal muscles in animals with metabolic syndrome exhibit reduced oxidative capacity. We investigated the effects of running exercise on fiber characteristics, oxidative capacity, and mRNA levels in the soleus muscles of rats with metabolic syndrome [SHR/NDmcr-cp (cp/cp); CP]. We divided 5-week-old CP rats into non-exercise (CP) and exercise (CP-Ex) groups. ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: A positive impact of exercise intervention programmes on quality of life (QoL) may be important for long-term patient compliance to exercise recommendations. We have previously shown that QoL improves significantly with supervised exercise, whereas it worsens with counselling alone, in patients with type 2 diabetes from the Italian Diabetes ...

Abstract Objective: This study investigated the effects of a therapeutic laser, passive stretching, and their combined treatment on the strength of Achilles tendons with overuse pathologies. Background data: Tendinopathy involving overuse is usually treated with exercise and stretching, but there has been no report on the treatment effect of a ...