The reason for high altitude anorexia is unclear but could involve alterations in the appetite hormones ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY). This study examined the effect of resting and exercising in hypoxia (12.7% O(2); approximately 4000 m) on appetite, energy intake and plasma concentrations of acylated ghrelin and PYY. Ten ...

The purpose of this research was to determine the mRNA response to exercise in different environmental temperatures. 9 recreationally active males (27±1 years, 77.4±2.7 kg, 13.5±1.5% fat, 4.49±0.15 L · min - 1 VO2 max) completed 3 trials consisting of 1 h cycling exercise at 60% Wmax followed by a 3 h recovery in the cold (7°C), room ...

Previous research has shown that resistance and aerobic exercise have differing effects on perceived hunger and circulating levels of appetite-related hormones. However, the effect of resistance and aerobic exercise on actual energy intake has never been compared. This study investigated the effect of an acute bout of resistance exercise, compared ...

Unaccustomed eccentric exercise may cause skeletal muscle damage with an increase in plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity. Although the wide variability among individuals in CK response to standardized lengthening contractions has been well described, the reasons underlying this phenomenon have not yet been understood. Therefore, this study investigated a possible ...

Although high intensity sprint interval training employing the Wingate protocol results in significant physiological adaptations, it is conducted at supramaximal intensity and is potentially unsafe for sedentary middle-aged adults. We therefore evaluated the metabolic and cardiovascular response in healthy young individuals performing four high intensity (∼90% VO2max) aerobic interval training ...

ABSTRACT: Obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are more susceptible than healthy individuals to oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease. This randomised controlled investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that alpha-lipoic acid supplementation and exercise training may elicit favourable clinical changes in obese subjects with IGT. All data were ...

To investigate the prognostic importance of functional capacity and exercise behavior in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using a prospective design, 118 consecutive participants with histologically confirmed metastatic (inoperable) NSCLC and Eastern Cooperative Oncology group (ECOG) 0-3 completed a six-minute walk test to assess functional capacity and ...

To date endurance and strength training are established and evidence-based exercise methods in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is an unmet need for further research in new and complementary exercise modalities. Additional whole body vibration training during pulmonary rehabilitation may be such a new approach that has ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and the prevalence of hypertension tends to increase with age. Current treatments for hypertension have side effects and poor adherence. Qigong has been studied as an alternative therapy for hypertension; however, the types of qigong used in those studies were ...

We aimed to determine if the time that muscle is under loaded tension during low intensity resistance exercise affects the synthesis of specific muscle protein fractions or phosphorylation of anabolic signalling proteins. Eight men (24 ± 1 years (sem), BMI = 26.5 ± 1.0 kg m(-2)) performed three sets of ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The degree of pulmonary hypertension is not independently related to the severity of left ventricular systolic dysfunction but is frequently associated with diastolic filling abnormalities. The aim of this study was to assess diastolic times at increasing heart rates in normal and in patients with and without abnormal ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of β-alanine supplementation on markers of oxidative stress. Twenty-four women (age: 21.7 ± 2.1 years; VO(2)max: 2.6 ± 0.3 l min(-1)) were randomly assigned, in a double-blind fashion, to a β-alanine (BA, 2 × 800 mg tablets, 3× daily; CarnoSyn(®); n = 13) or placebo (PL, 2 × 800 mg maltodextrin tablets, 3× daily; n = 11) ...

Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) has been shown to reduce force production and result in delayed-onset soreness/pain (DOMS) in the damaged muscle(s). Cycling in the presence of EIMD reduces peak power output and time-trial performance. However, its effect on peak aerobic capacity has not been widely studied. The purpose of this ...

The number of eccentric contractions is a factor affecting the magnitude of muscle damage; however, it is unknown whether set-repetition configurations for the same total number of eccentric contractions affect the muscle damage. The present study investigated whether different set-repetition configurations would result in different force output during eccentric exercise ...

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: We aimed to gather knowledge on the cardiac autonomic modulation in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) in response to exercise and to investigate whether this population suffers from chronotropic incompetence (CI). METHODS: Fourteen women with FM (age: 46 +/- 3 years; BMI: 26.6 +/- 1.4 kg/m^2) and 14 gender-, ...

Ultrasonography is an established technique to follow up injured tendons, although the lesions' echogenicity tends to become normal before the tendon is ready to sustain the stresses imposed by exercise. Normalized axial speed of sound (SOS) has been found to correlate with an injured tendon's stiffness; therefore, the purpose of this ...

This study investigates the effects of eccentric exercise and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the quadriceps on agonist-antagonist activity during a range of motor tasks. Ten healthy volunteers (age, mean ± SD, 24.9 ± 3.2 years) performed maximum voluntary contractions (MVC) and explosive isometric contractions of the knee extensors followed by isometric contractions at ...

OBJECTIVE: Despite recovery of left ventricular (LV) function and morphology after aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic stenosis (AS), its relationship with exercise capacity remains unknown. Twenty-one AVR patients (age 61 ± 12 years, 14 male) with normal ejection fraction (EF, 64 ± 7%) and 21 age- and sex-matched controls ...

Ferula hermonis Boiss. is an aphrodisiac plant that grows in the Mediterranean region. It has been reported that treatment with acetonic extract from the root of this plant acutely increases serum testosterone in the rat. This study investigated the effects of F. hermonis extract alone or combined with exercise on ...

BACKGROUND: Patients with incurable thoracic cancer often complain of a reduced ability to exercise, but the cause of this has been little studied. Thus, we have explored how various physiological and psychological factors relate to exercise performance in this group. METHODS: Inspiratory muscle strength, peripheral muscle power, lung function and ...

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a comorbidity associated with increased mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. It is not known which clinical markers are predictive of PH in COPD. The goal of this study was to develop a clinical tool to identify patients who should be sent for ...

The feasibility and efficacy of an additional progressive home-based strengthening exercise program (PHSEP) on subjects that already attended supervised institutional exercise therapy was investigated. Thirty-six hip patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) and/or total hip replacement in at least one hip joint were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) or ...

This study examined the relationship between coaches' perception of match performance and movement demands in Australian Football. Movement demands were collected from 21 professional players over 12 matches during one Australian Football League season, with 69 player files collected. Additionally, match events relative to playing time and distance covered, along ...

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the therapeutic or iatrogenic effects of exercise in individuals with Bipolar Disorder, despite its potential to benefit physical and mental health. Consequently the aim of the current study was to gather data on experiences of the relationship between exercise and Bipolar Disorder from people with ...

The Fick principle (cardiac output [Q(c)] = oxygen uptake [Vo(2)]/arteriovenous oxygen difference) can be used to calculate Q(c), with VO(2) frequently estimated by derived equations. To compare the accuracy of measured versus estimated VO(2), data were analyzed from 2 studies in which VO(2) at rest was measured using the Douglas ...

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of an acute bout of eccentric exercise on maximal isokinetic concentric peak torque (PT) of the leg flexors and extensors and the hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H:Q) strength ratio. Sixteen male (mean±SD: age=20.9±2 years; stature=177.0±4.4 cm; mass=76.8±10.0 kg) volunteers performed maximal, concentric isokinetic leg extension ...

BackgroundStructured, regular exercise is recommended to improve health outcomes. Exercise takes many forms and varies in type, intensity, duration and frequency. The authors used the example of exercise for chronic health conditions to examine how exercise programmes are described and summarised in systematic reviews.MethodsTwo independent reviewers conducted a review of ...

This study examined the feasibility of reducing free-living sedentary time (ST) and the convergent validity of various tools to measure ST. Twenty overweight/obese participants wore the activPAL (AP) (criterion measure) and ActiGraph (AG; 100 and 150 count/minute cut-points) for a 7-day baseline period. Next, they received a simple intervention targeting ...

Claudication is a common and disabling symptom of peripheral artery disease that can be treated with medication, supervised exercise (SE), or stent revascularization (ST). We randomly assigned 111 patients with aortoiliac peripheral artery disease to receive 1 of 3 treatments: optimal medical care (OMC), OMC plus SE, or OMC plus ...

Pedalling cadence influences the oxygen demand and the tolerable duration of severe intensity cycle ergometer exercise. Both of these variables are factors in the calculation of maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD), which is a widely accepted measure of anaerobic capacity. We were therefore interested in determining whether pedalling cadence affected ...

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the end-tidal O(2) pressure (PETO(2)) to end-tidal CO(2) pressure (PETCO(2)) in cardiac patients during rest and during 2 states of exercise: at anaerobic threshold (AT) and at peak. The purpose was to see which metabolic state, PETO(2) or PETCO(2), best ...

A transdisciplinary approach incorporating biological, psychological, behavioral, and genetic factors was taken to better identify proposed moderators of the effectiveness of an intervention to increase physical activity. This paper illustrates how theory-based individual difference variables can be integrated into a complex randomized controlled trial. The transdisciplinary framework guiding the selection ...

Muscle metabolism is increased following exercise in healthy individuals, affecting exercise metabolism during subsequent physical work. We hypothesized that following heavy-intensity exercise (HIE), disease factors in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) would further exacerbate exercise metabolism and perceived exertion during subsequent exercise. Nineteen children with CF (age, 13.4 ± 3.1 years; 10 ...

CONTEXT: Respiratory muscle exercises are used not only in the rehabilitation of respiratory disease patients but also in endurance training for athletes. Respiration involves the back and abdominal muscles. These muscles are one of the elements responsible for posture control, which is integral to injury prevention and physical performance. However, ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of a video-based educational resource on home exercise compliance among caregivers of children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP). DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of self-reported caregiver home exercise habits and resultant shoulder range of motion (ROM) and biceps power in patients with NBPP. SETTING: Home-based exercise ...

CONTEXT: Individuals with low back pain (LBP) are thought to benefit from interventions which improve motor control of the lumbopelvic region. It is unknown if therapeutic exercise can acutely facilitate activation of lateral abdominal musculature. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ability of 2 types of bridging exercise progressions to facilitate lateral ...

Acute aerobic exercise decreases arterial stiffness based on the intensity of the exercise and the arterial segment studied. Arm exercise may differentially affect arterial stiffness compared to leg exercise but this has not been studied. We hypothesized that maximal aerobic exercise would reduce local peripheral pulse wave velocity i.e. femoral-dorsalis ...

Prior moderate exercise reduces plasma triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein concentrations, mainly in the large very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL₁) fraction, but the mechanism responsible is unclear. We investigated the effects of brisk walking on TG-rich lipoprotein kinetics using a novel method. Twelve overweight/obese middle-aged men underwent two kinetic studies, involving infusion of ...

OBJECTIVE:: Regular and continuous yoga exercise is one of the most important nonpharmacological methods of improving serum lipid concentrations, adipose tissue, and metabolic syndrome factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of yoga exercise on serum adiponectin and metabolic syndrome factors in obese postmenopausal Korean women. ...

Background: Exercise therapy in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) is effective for improving muscle strength and functional mobility. Objective: To investigate, in MS patients attending an in-patient rehabilitation program, the additional effects of a 3-week exercise program, performed on a whole body vibration platform, on muscle strength and functionality. Methods: ...

This study investigated whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) isolated or combined with aerobic exercise influenced the desire to eat, hunger, and satiety in overweight subjects. Nine volunteers underwent anodal or sham tDCS (2mA; 20min) over DLPFC and isocaloric exercise bouts (70%VO(2)R; ∼200kcal). The appetite ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim is to compare and evaluate the agreement of quantification of left ventricular functional parameters obtained by two different methods, (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). METHODS: Ten healthy male volunteers participated. Gated MPS data were acquired using 32 frames, which were ...

Increase in heart metabolism during severe exercise facilitates production of ROS and result in oxidative stress. Due to shortage of information, the effect of chronic strength exercise on oxidative stress and contractile function of the heart was assessed to explore the threshold for oxidative stress in this kind of exercise ...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the effects of resistance exercise (RE) and leucine (LEU) supplementation on dexamethasone (DEXA)-induced muscle atrophy and insulin resistance. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into DEXA (DEX), DEXA + RE (DEX-RE), DEXA + LEU (DEX-LEU), and DEXA + RE + LEU (DEX-RE-LEU) groups. Each ...

To compare the assessment of Fat(max) using a single graded exercise test with 3 min stages against 30 min prolonged exercise bouts in overweight boys. Ten overweight boys (8-12 years) attended the laboratory on seven separate occasions. On the first visit, body anthropometrics and peak aerobic capacity ([Formula: see text]O(2peak)) were assessed. Following ...

This study tested the hypothesis that reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) during orthostatic stress after bed rest can be ameliorated with volume loading, exercise or both. Transcranial Doppler was used to measure changes in CBF velocity during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) before and after an 18 day bed ...

Lovell, DI, Mason, DG, Delphinus, EM, and McLellan, CP. Do compression garments enhance the active recovery process after high-intensity running? J Strength Cond Res 25(12): 3264-3268, 2011-This study examined the effect of wearing waist-to-ankle compression garments (CGs) on active recovery after moderate- and high-intensity submaximal treadmill running. Twenty-five male semiprofessional ...

OBJECTIVE: The theoretically beneficial effects of coenzyme Q10 (Q10) on exercise-related oxidative stress and physical capacity have not been confirmed to our knowledge by interventional supplementation studies. Our aim was to investigate further whether Q10 supplementation at a dose recommended by manufacturers influences these factors. METHODS: Using a randomized, double-blind, ...

Oxidative stress and inflammation, which disrupt nitric oxide (NO) production directly or by causing resistance to insulin, are central determinants of vascular diseases including ED. Decreased vascular NO has been linked to abdominal obesity, smoking and high intakes of fat and sugar, which all cause oxidative stress. Men with ED ...

Crewther, BT, Kilduff, LP, Cook, CJ, Middleton, MK, Bunce, PJ, and Yang, G-Z. The acute potentiating effects of back squats on athlete performance. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-This study examined the acute potentiating effects of back squats on athlete performance with a specific focus on movement specificity and ...