Traffic-related particle emissions have been a great concern over a number of years due to their adverse health effects. In this research project, traffic-related particle deposition in the human lungs is studied using lung deposition estimates based on the ICRP 66 model. This study covers four human groups, i.e. adult ...

Allergic rhinitis and exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) are common in asthmatic children. The aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment of allergic rhinitis with an intranasal corticosteroid protects against EIB in asthmatic children. This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group study. Subjects aged 12-17 years, with mild-to-moderate ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), access to physical activity resources, urban-rural dwelling, levels of pollution and exercise capacity in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients. BACKGROUND: Exercise intolerance is prevalent in ACHD and the contributing factors are poorly understood. METHODS: A total of 1268 ACHD patients ...

Aerobic exercise may represent a useful intervention for drug abuse in predisposed individuals. Exercise increases plasticity in the brain that could be used to reverse learned drug associations. Previous studies have reported that exposing mice to a complex environment including running wheels after drug conditioning abolishes conditioned place preference (CPP) ...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether an acute bout of high-intensity resistance exercise (RE) would augment integrative mixed muscle and myofibrillar protein fractional synthesis rates (FSRs) when total energy and macronutrient intake was controlled. Twelve healthy young men were studied over 24 hours and performed an acute ...

INTRODUCTION: Montelukast has been proven to assure a protective effect against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. AIM: To verify exactly when montelukast begins protection in asthmatic children by evaluating different time intervals between dosing and challenge. METHODS: In a double blind, placebo-controlled, three day doses, crossover study, patients were randomized to receive in ...

Laboratory study using a repeated measures design. The aim of this study was to determine if ankle proprioception is targeted in exercises on unstable surfaces. Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) has recurrence rates over 70%, which are believed to be due to a reduced accuracy of proprioceptive signals from the ankle. ...

BACKGROUND: The total artificial heart (TAH) consists of two implantable pneumatic pumps that replace the heart and operate at a fixed ejection rate and ejection pressure. We evaluated the blood pressure (BP) response to exercise and exercise performance in patients with a TAH compared to those with a with a ...

Objectives To compare the effectiveness of an exercise programme with usual care in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) who have a history of falls. Design Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Setting Recruitment was from three primary and four secondary care organisations, and PD support groups in South West England. The intervention ...

Background:  Spot urine measurement of albumin is now the most commonly accepted approach to screening for proteinuria. Exertion prior to the collection may potentially influence the result of spot urine albumin estimation. We aim to evaluate the effect of exercise on albuminuria in subjects at various stages of diabetic nephropathy ...

The aim of the present study was to compare the maximal isometric torque and cardio-respiratory parameters in well-trained young and master triathletes prior to and following an Olympic distance triathlon. One day before and 24 h following the event, participants performed three maximum voluntary isometric knee extensions and flexions and an ...

Objective The role of exercise testing in the assessment of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in adult patients is currently unclear. This study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic value of exercise-induced GH levels in the detection of severe GHD in adult patients. Methods Fourteen patients confirmed to have severe GHD according ...

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: To better understand the inter-relationships between disease severity, inspiratory capacity, breathing pattern and dyspnea, we studied responses to symptom-limited cycle exercise in a large cohort with COPD. METHODS: Analysis was conducted on data from two previously published replicate clinical trials in 427 hyperinflated patients with COPD. Patients were ...

Physical exercise exacerbates the cytotoxic effects of statins in skeletal muscle. Mitochondrial impairments may play an important role in the development of muscular symptoms following statin treatment. Our objective was to characterize mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in skeletal muscle after exhaustive exercise in atorvastatin-treated rats. The ...

High postprandial blood triglyceride (TG) levels increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Exercise interventions may be effective in reducing postprandial blood TG. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of sprint interval cycling (SIC) with and without replacement of the energy deficit on postprandial lipemia (PPL). METHODS: In a repeated-measures cross-over design, 6 ...

Aim: To examine test-retest reliability of time and frequency domain heart rate variability (HRV) in patients 1 month after stroke during rest, paced breathing and light-to-moderate physical activity. Methods: Fifteen patients up to 1 month after stroke underwent two measurements of HRV, with the measurements 4 days apart. Measurements took ...

Gonzales, BR, Hagin, V, Guillot, R, Placet, V, and Groslambert, A. Effects of polyester jerseys on psycho-physiological responses during exercise in a hot and moist environment. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-With the general acceptance that extreme environments have a detrimental effect on thermoregulation and human performance, the aim ...

The Biochemical Evaluation of a Health Intervention Programme (B.E. H.I.P.) investigated the impact of progressive exercise intensity in overweight and obese children. A 5-month prospective randomized crossover design (X(A), immediate intervention; O(B), control group; X(B), delayed intervention, O(A), postintervention follow-up) with a 10-week health intervention programme was employed. The intervention ...

Hemodialyzed (HD) patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) exhibit lower fitness as a consequence of chronic uremic changes that trigger various structural, metabolic, and functional abnormalities in skeletal muscles. The aim of this randomized study was to compare the effect of rehabilitation (RHB) training on a bicycle ergometer and electromyostimulation ...

The health benefits of leisure-time physical activity are well known, but whether less exercise than the recommended 150 min a week can have life expectancy benefits is unclear. We assessed the health benefits of a range of volumes of physical activity in a Taiwanese population. In this prospective cohort study, ...

We examined the role of residential segregation in 5+ daily fruit/vegetable consumption, exercise, and overweight/obesity among African Americans by linking data on the 11,142 African American adults in the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to 2000 census data on the segregation of metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Multi-level modeling revealed ...

BACKGROUND: . Sitting balance and the ability to perform selective truncal movements are important predictors of functional outcome after stroke. However, few clinical trials have evaluated the effect of truncal exercises. OBJECTIVE: . The authors assessed the effect of additional truncal exercises on truncal function, standing balance, and mobility. METHODS: ...

There is a paucity of randomized trials regarding diagnostic testing in women with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). It remains unclear whether the addition of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) to the standard ECG exercise treadmill test (ETT) provides incremental information to improve clinical decision making in women with suspected CAD. ...

Objective: This research explored whether implicit or explicit believability of exercise advertising predicted attitudes and intentions. It was hypothesized that implicit believability would be a stronger predictor of attitudes than explicit believability and that implicit believability would predict intentions. Method: Undergraduate student participants (N = 306) viewed health promotion or ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether different modes of single-bout exercise would cause different responses in short-term bone metabolism. 24 untrained male college students (19.1 ± 0.1 years old) were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups: (1) a single-bout plyometric exercise group (the PL group, n = 8), (2) a 200-meter × 10 ...

Identification of functional molecules in the brain related to improvement of the degree of paralysis or increase of activities will contribute to establishing a new treatment strategy for stroke rehabilitation. Hence, protein expression changes in the cerebral cortex of rat groups with/without voluntary exercise using a running wheel after cerebral ...

Alternate methods to quantify mitochondrial activity or function have been extensively used for studying insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, namely saturation transfer and phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery. As these methods are in fact determining different parameters, this study aimed to compare saturation transfer results to PCr recovery measurements within ...

Aim:  To examine the blood flow (BF) response in the lower abdomen (LAB) in recovery following upright cycling exercise at three levels of relative maximum pulmonary oxygen consumption (VO(2max) ), and the relationship of BF(LAB) to heart rate (HR) and target intensity. Methods:  For 11 healthy subjects, BF (Doppler ultrasound) ...

PURPOSE:: It has now been established that exercise performed under various environmental conditions may affect acute energy intake and appetite related hormones. The exact mechanism linking acute energy intake and exercise remains unknown, although indirect evidence suggests a possible role for hydration status. Therefore the purpose of this study was ...

Here, we established a program of low-intensity aerobic exercise and compared the effects of exercise preoperative, postoperative, and a combination of both pre- and postoperative protocols on recovery from sciatic nerve crush injury in mice using behavioral, biochemical, and morphological assays. Sciatic nerve crush was performed in adult male mice. ...

BackgroundChronic systemic inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Currently few studies have evaluated the potential cardiovascular benefits of exercise in SLE. It is unknown whether ...

The effect of oral caffeine ingestion on intense intermittent exercise performance and muscle interstitial ion concentrations was examined. The study consists of two studies (S1 and S2). In S1 twelve subjects completed the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 2 (Yo-Yo IR2) test with prior caffeine (6 mg/kg b.w.; CAF) or placebo ...

Abstract Our objective was to correlate skeletal muscle mass (SM) with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) descriptors of exercise capacity in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and compare ALS CPET data with those of patients with mitochondrial myopathy (MM) and normal subjects (N). Twenty-four early-stage ALS patients (63±11 years) underwent ...

Obese individuals have reduced cardiorespiratory fitness as compared with leaner counterparts. Regular exercise maintains or increases fitness and lean body mass. Lean body mass, in turn, has a direct impact on resting metabolic rate (RMR). Given these relationships, we sought to evaluate the association between RMR and cardiorespiratory fitness in ...

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to: (i) determine which tests of exercise capacity relate to average daily energy expenditure (DEE) and; (ii) quantify aerobic reserve during daily life in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in 26 people with COPD ...

BackgroundObesity is associated with arterial stiffening, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction. However, there is no data regarding dynamic changes in arterial hemodynamics with exercise in overweight subjects. We hypothesized that overweight women would show a different exercise response in wave reflection compared with lean women.MethodsA total of 59 ...

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that adding caffeine to postexercise carbohydrate (CHO) feedings improves subsequent high-intensity interval-running capacity compared with CHO alone. In a repeated-measures design, 6 men performed a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol until volitional exhaustion in the morning. Immediately after and at 1, 2, ...

Periods of rapid growth require an increase in energy use and substrate formation. Mitochondrial function contributes to each of these and therefore may play a role in longitudinal growth. Twenty-nine children and adolescents of ages 8-15 yr were enrolled in a comprehensive longitudinal assessment of glucose homeostasis and mitochondrial function. ...

In two experiments, MPTP was administered to C57/BL6 mice according to a single-dose weekly regime (MPTP: 1 × 30 mg/kg on the fifth day of the week, Friday, over 4 weeks) with vehicle group (Vehicle: 1 × 5 ml/kg) treated concurrently. Exercise schedules (delayed) were introduced either at the beginning of the week after the second MPTP ...

Regular physical activity of moderate intensity improves cardiovascular risk factors including low-grade inflammation. However, acute vigorous exercise such as marathon running results in marked increases of circulating pro-inflammatory markers. Up to now, the origin of this pro-inflammatory boost is still debated equivocally. We analyzed the change of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor ...

Glycogen stored in skeletal muscle is the main fuel for endurance exercise. The present study examined the effects of oral hydroxycitrate (HCA) supplementation on post-meal glycogen synthesis in exercised human skeletal muscle. Eight healthy male volunteers (aged 22·0 (se 0·3) years) completed a 60-min cycling exercise at 70-75 % \dot {>V}O_{2\hairsp ...

A three-year-old Welsh terrier was presented with a 6-month history of progressive stertor, exercise intolerance and sneezing which was unresponsive to symptomatic treatment. A large calcified mass occupying the entire rostral right nasal cavity was defined with computed tomography. The mass was completely removed via a dorsal rhinotomy. Histopathological examination ...

The objective of this study was to investigate temperature dependent effects of oral l-carnitine supplementation on exhaustive exercise induced oxidative damage in rats. 42 male Spraque Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven experimental groups. These groups were formed as three non-carnitine exercise groups, three carnitine-exercise groups and a sedentary ...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of dyslipidemia is increasing in many parts of Brazil, but it is yet unclear how much exercise is needed to attain beneficial effects on plasma lipoprotein levels. OBJECTIVE: The study analyzed eight cities of the state of São Paulo, the association between the continued practice of physical ...

We conducted a study to examine whether physical exercise undertaken during the period of postnatal brain development could modify seizure susceptibility later in life. Male Wistar rats aged 21 postnatal days (P21) were divided into two groups: exercise and control. Animals in the exercise group were submitted to daily exercise ...

STUDY DESIGN: Narrative review. INTRODUCTION: A well-constructed rehabilitation program of the shoulder complex is critical to stabilizing the scapulothoracic and scapulohumeral joints while encouraging normal scapulohumeral rhythm. Review of the literature demonstrates a variety of scapulothoracic and glenohumeral conditioning exercises. PURPOSE: To assist the occupational and physical therapist in prioritizing ...

Aged (20-22 months) male Fischer 344 rats were randomly assigned to sedentary (A-SED), environmentally-enriched (A-ENR), or exercise (A-EX) conditions. After 10-12 weeks of differential experience, the 3 groups of aged rats and young sedentary controls were tested for physical and cognitive function. Spatial discrimination learning and memory consolidation, tested on ...

The effects of 15 d of supplementation with L-carnitine L-tartrate (LC) on metabolic responses to graded-intensity exercise under conditions of altered substrate availability were examined. Fifteen endurance-trained male athletes undertook exercise trials after a 2-d high-carbohydrate diet (60% CHO, 25% fat) at baseline (D0), on Day 14 (D14), and after ...

Exercise training may decrease insulin resistance (IR) and increase glucose tolerance. However, the adaptive responses in skeletal muscle at the molecular and genetic level have not been clearly understood. Here we used oligonucleotide microarray analysis to dissect the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) and regular aerobic exercise on global gene ...

Endothelial dysfunction of the maternal vasculature induced by pro-oxidants may contribute to the development of preeclampsia. Obesity results in vascular inflammation and oxidative stress and is therefore a risk factor for preeclampsia. Regular exercise is known to induce antioxidants. We recently demonstrated that stretchers (subjects who performed low-intensity exercises) had ...