We determined the effects of 2 years of exercise training and soy isoflavone supplementation on bone mass and lipids in postmenopausal women provided with calcium and vitamin D. Women were randomized to 4 groups: Exercise training (Ex); Isoflavone supplementation (Iso; 165 mg·d(-1) [105 mg·d(-1) aglycone equivalent]); combined Ex and Iso ...

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of ageing and training status on (1) markers of skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and (2) the ability to activate the acute signalling pathways associated with regulating exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of ...

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding molecules regulating gene expression. Recently circulating miRNAs could be detected in the plasma, serving as novel biomarkers. Different forms of exercise mobilize progenitor cells from the bone marrow, helping in tissue repair. Data of different forms of exercise on endothelial cell damage are lacking. ...

Background and aims. Long-stay hospitalized elderly women usually reduce daily living activities: this may lead to an accelerated worsening of body composition, cardio-metabolic condition and falls risk. Exercise training and electrical stimulation may ameliorate such condition. Methods. The effects of 3 different shortterm rehabilitation programs on lower limbs (kinesitherapy [KT], ...

We determined whether bone mineral density (BMD) is lower in boys with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than controls, and also assessed variables that may affect BMD in ASD. BMD was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 18 boys with ASD and 19 controls 8-14 years old. Boys with ASD ...

Maintenance of bone health and quality requires mechanical strain, but the mechanical force needs to be within the bone's biomechanical competence. In osteoporosis, compression of vertebral bodies can be insidious. Therefore, absence of pain does not necessarily indicate absence of vertebral microfracture and deformity. Further, patients with previous vertebral fractures ...

After obesity rates in youth reached alarming rates, public health officials recognized the need for specific physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents. Numerous health care groups and sports and fitness organizations collaborated on the development of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans in 2008, which have been widely endorsed ...

N-acetyl-4-aminophenol (ACET) may impair musculoskeletal adaptations to progressive resistance exercise training (PRT) by inhibiting exercise-induced muscle protein synthesis and bone formation. To test the hypothesis that ACET would diminish training-induced increases in fat-free mass (FFM) and osteogenesis, untrained men (n = 26) aged ≥50 years participated in 16 weeks of high-intensity PRT and bone-loading ...

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is associated with a high risk of mortality partially due to the harmful effects of the preconditioning myeloablative regimens. We have recently demonstrated increased bone marrow cell survival and proliferation in response to exercise training, which may be attributable to increased quality of the niche. The ...

PURPOSE: Strenuous, endurance exercise increases biochemical markers of bone resorption but not formation, although the effect of recovery duration between consecutive bouts of exercise is unknown. We examined the effect of recovery duration on the bone metabolic response to two bouts of running. METHODS: Ten physically-active men completed two, 9-d ...

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a recently identified inhibitor of bone resorption. Recent studies indicated that OPG also acts as an important regulatory molecule in the vasculature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of OPG and its associations with endothelial function before and after exercise training in Hashimoto's ...

The effect of exercise training on hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is largely unknown. The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether exercise training could expand the bone marrow HSC pool, and influence various aspects of HSC function. Mice were either exercise trained (EX; 1 hour/day, 3 days/week for ...

In this population-based study of 24-year-old men, we have investigated the association between sport-specific exercise loading and different bone parameters. We reveal that the association between exercise loading and bone parameters is sport-specific, indicating that nonspecific resistance exercise does not impact bone density, geometry, or microstructure in young men. INTRODUCTION: ...

Bed rest studies provide an important tool for modeling physiologic changes of spaceflight. Markers of bone metabolism and nutritional status were evaluated in 12 subjects (8 male, 4 female; ages 25-49 yr) who participated in a 30-day head-down tilt diet-controlled bed rest study. Blood and urine samples were collected twice ...

ABSTRACT: Squatting is a common strength-training exercise used for rehabilitation, fitness training and in preparation for competition. Knowledge about the loading and the motion of the back during the squat exercise is crucial to avoid overuse or injury. The aim of this study was the measurement and comparison of the ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) content and perilipin 2 expression in skeletal muscle tissue following 6 mo of endurance-type exercise training in type 2 diabetes patients. Ten obese male type 2 diabetes patients (age 62 ± 1 yr, body mass index ...

To remain independent and healthy, an important factor to consider is the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass. Inactivity leads to measurable changes in muscle and bone, reduces exercise capacity, impairs the immune system, and decreases the sensitivity to insulin. Therefore, maintaining physical activity is of great importance for skeletal muscle ...

A randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine the effect of 6 months of whole body vibration (WBV) exercise on physical function in postmenopausal osteoporotic women treated with alendronate. Fifty-two ambulatory postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (mean age: 74.2 years, range: 51-91 years) were randomly divided into two groups: an exercise ...

Objectives: The purpose of this controlled trial was to determine whether subtle changes in mineralization and geometry of the tibia were evident following short term exercise interventions. Methods: Fifty-seven female volunteers (age 20.1∓1.6) were randomized to one of four, 13-week training groups: sedentary control, resistance training, aerobic training, or combined ...

In this 12-month RCT, we examined whether aerobic impact exercise training (3x/week) could facilitate breast cancer survivors' recovery by enhancing their bone structural strength, physical performance and body composition. After the adjuvant chemo- and/ or radiotherapy, 86 patients were randomly assigned into the training or control group. Structural bone traits ...

Low bone mass is a major health concern among young women nowadays due to sedentary lifestyle and lack of calcium rich food intake. Therefore there is an increase in the incidence of LBM among young university women so our main purpose of study was to compare effects of exercise program ...

With the aging of the work force, occupational health nurses must prepare for encounters with clients who are challenged by osteoarthritis or osteoporosis. Clients should be encouraged to exercise safely to promote functioning at home and work. This article reviews recent literature on the benefits of exercise for workers with ...

Individuals often perform exercise in the fasted state, but the effects on bone metabolism are not currently known. We compared the effect of an overnight fast with feeding a mixed meal on the bone metabolic response to treadmill running. Ten, physically-active males aged 28±4y (mean±1SD) completed two, counterbalanced, 8d trials. ...

ABSTRACT: SUMMARY: The aim of this prospective randomized single-center study was to investigate whether sling exercise therapy is superior to conventional exercises in osteoporosis patients. BACKGROUND: Patients with osteoporosis frequently experience fractures of the vertebral body, which may cause chronic back pain and other symptoms. These, in turn, may lead ...

AIMS: Asynchronous myocardial contraction adversely influences left ventricular (LV) function and is therefore associated with a poor prognosis in heart failure. Exercise-induced change in ventricular dyssynchrony may be an important determinant of dynamic changes in cardiac output and mitral regurgitation. METHODS AND RESULTS: A prospective, longitudinal study was designed with ...

Purpose The aim of the study was to determine whether exercise affects neutrophil apoptosis and to characterize the underlying mechanisms. Methods Using annexin V labeling neutrophil apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry after various bouts of exercise (marathon run; concentric/eccentric treadmill exercise; moderate/intensive resistance training) and in-vitro conditions. Similarly apoptosis ...

The ankle represents a fairly complex bone structure, resulting in kinematics that hinders a flawless robot-assisted recovery of foot motility in impaired subjects. The paper proposes a novel device for ankle-foot neuro-rehabilitation based on a mechatronic redesign of the remarkable Agile Eye spherical robot on the basis of clinical requisites. ...

INTRODUCTION: An estimated 300 million people worldwide have sickle cell trait (SCT). Although largely benign, SCT has been associated with exertional rhabdomyolysis and exercise-related sudden death in warfighters/athletes (WA). The NCAA's policy to confirm a student-athlete's SCT status during their preparticipation medical examination prompted reaction from some organizations regarding the ...

Regular exercise provides substantial health benefits, mostly by reducing cardiovascular risk factors. However, it may also trigger acute cardiac events and cause sudden cardiac death in individuals with a pre-existing condition. In an otherwise healthy population, intense regular exercise may lead to morphological and electrical cardiac adaptations commonly referred as ...

Benign neck pain is common in athletes and is usually the result of minor sprains, strains, or contusions. Athletes with neck pain may have deficits in cervical and/or upper thoracic mobility, muscle recruitment, strength and endurance, repositioning acuity, postural stability, and oculomotor control. A Medline search was performed via PubMed ...

The goal of this study was to evaluate the very long-term outcome after normal exercise (99m)Tc-sestamibi myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Exercise (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT is widely used for risk stratification, but data on very long-term outcome after a normal test are scarce. A consecutive group of 233 patients ...

Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training (HF-ACTION) was a multicenter, randomized controlled trial designed to examine the safety and efficacy of aerobic exercise training versus usual care in 2,331 patients with systolic heart failure (HF). In HF-ACTION patients with rest transthoracic echocardiographic measurements, the predictive value ...

Although early survival after tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair in the modern era is excellent, studies on late outcomes have shown increasing rates of mortality and morbidity. Despite multiple publications on factors associated with late complications, risk factors for major outcomes (death and sustained ventricular tachycardia [VT]) remain poorly defined. ...

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young athletes is relatively uncommon but tragic when it occurs. Many of these deaths can be prevented by pre-exercise screening to identify cardiac abnormalities and those at high risk. Although recent research has provided much needed information on SCD in athletes, there remain significant gaps ...

The clinical evaluation of athletes during symptom evaluation or pre-participation screening often involves interpretation of the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Differentiating abnormal ECG findings suggestive of underlying cardiovascular disease from benign findings caused by exercise-induced cardiac adaptations can be challenging, and recent clinical guidelines have been created for this purpose. One ...

Background: The prognostic value of an isolated J-point depression, or rapidly upsloping ST-segment, on an exercise ECG has long been assumed to be a benign variant. However, little or no data supporting this assumption may be found in the literature. Our task was to examine if a rapidly upsloping ST-segment ...

To survey the cardiovascular complications induced by cardiac monitoring exercise during 10 years of our cardiac rehabilitation (CR) clinic and report on the safety of monitoring exercise training for early hospital-based CR. All cardiac patients who participated in our exercise program from January 2000 through December 2009 were recruited as ...

Recovery from exercise can be divided into an early, rapid period and a late, slower period. Although early heart rate (HR) recovery 1 minute after treadmill exercise independently predicts survival, the prognostic value of late HR recovery has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate ...

We tested the ability of exercise testing to predict not only survival but also time to clinical worsening in idiopathic versus associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).Hundred thirty-six patients with PAH (85 idiopathic and 51 with associated conditions), underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing and a 6-minute walk test. Death or transplantation, and ...

We evaluated whether age moderated the effect of impact + resistance exercise on hip BMD in older post-menopausal breast cancer survivors (BCS). Exercise was more beneficial among younger than older women within our sample, suggesting that much older BCS may require different training programs to improve hip health. Previously, we ...

Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency requiring prompt action to prevent death from cardio-respiratory collapse. It can be a biphasic, unpredictable, and challenging reaction to deal with even in a hospital environment. The wilderness environments afforded by expeditions, remote health posts, and military exercises pose additional challenges often involving casualty evacuation. ...

BACKGROUND: Post-exercise measurement of heart rate (HR) recovery (HRR) and QT interval dynamics provide prognostic information in various patient populations. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that the spatial relationship between the depolarization and repolarization wave-fronts (TCRT) during the post-exercise recovery phase would also yield prognostic information. METHODS: The population consisted of 1297 ...

Exercise performance during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a predictor of all-cause mortality in the general population and in patients with coronary heart disease. Mortality beyond one-year after lung transplantation (LTx) is due to multiple causes, is difficult to predict, and has not been fully evaluated in LTx recipients. We ...

Patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) are at increased risk of death or severe symptoms. Although metabolic exercise testing is routinely used in the evaluation of a variety of cardiac diseases, data on the prognostic information that can be derived from such testing in HC is lacking. We examined 182 ...

N-Terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET)-derived variables are gold standards for assessing prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients. We sought to refine cardiac events prediction by performing a combined analysis of NT-proBNP with markers of exercise ventilatory efficiency. A total of 260 stable HF patients underwent ...

BACKGROUND: The long-term prognostic value of heart rate recovery (HRR) has been incompletely documented in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We sought to confirm the prognostic value of HRR in a large cohort with stable CAD. METHODS: From the Coronary Artery Surgery Study registry, a database of 24,958 patients ...

The purposes of this research were to (1) investigate the effect of foot orthotic use on exercise related leg pain (ERLP) in cross-country (XC) athletes, and (2) determine if an association between foot type and foot orthotic use exists. Prospective cohort design. High schools and colleges in a Midwestern metropolitan ...

Increased ventilatory response has been shown to have a high prognostic value in patients with chronic heart failure. Our aim was therefore to determine the ventilatory efficiency in pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) identifying PH-patients with increased risk for death within 24 ...

Low bone mineral density (BMD) and subsequent fractures are a major public health problem in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to use the aggregate data meta-analytic approach to examine the effects of ground (for example, walking) and/or joint reaction (for example, strength training) exercise on femoral neck ...

Hamstring injuries are a common musculoskeletal disorder, particularly amongst athletes. Many factors have been associated with these injuries, including motor control and strength, soft tissue length and postural alignment. Well-established rehabilitation protocols are commonly used in the treatment of this condition, but their effectiveness remains questionable. This is an update ...