Laudner, KG. Upper extremity sensorimotor control among collegiate football players. J Strength Cond Res 26(X): 000-000, 2012-Injuries stemming from shoulder instability are very common among athletes participating in contact sports, such as football. Previous research has shown that increased laxity negatively affects the function of the sensorimotor system potentially leading ...

Centrifuge-induced artificial gravity (AG) with exercise is a promising comprehensive countermeasure against the physiological de-conditioning that results from exposure to weightlessness. However, body movements onboard a rotating centrifuge are affected by both the gravity gradient and Coriolis accelerations. The effect of centrifugation on squat exercise biomechanics was investigated, and differences ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiorespiratory response and mechanical efficiency (ME) of highly trained spinal cord injured (SCI) handcyclists with untrained SCI men. Ten trained handcyclists (≥2 years training) and ten untrained but physically active SCI men completed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion and a sub-maximal ...

Physical activity induces favourable changes of arterial gene expression and protein activity, although little is known about its effect in venous tissue. Although our understanding of the initiating molecular signals is still incomplete, increased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is considered a key event. This study sought to ...

The overhead throwing motion is a high-velocity, extremely stressful athletic movement. Its repetitive nature places tremendous demands on the entire body, frequently resulting in injury to the throwing shoulder. Such injuries, whether managed nonoperatively or surgically, require a multiphased approach beginning with exercises to restore muscular strength and proprioception, and ...

: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) report more dyspnea during arm than during leg exercise. One of the major causes of dyspnea is dynamic hyperinflation (DH), which is caused by airflow limitation as well as increase in ventilation. The aims of our study were to compare DH at ...

The educational objectives for this self-assessment module are for the participant to exercise, self-assess, and improve his or her understanding of the spectrum of urgent findings on portable chest radiography.

Research examining the clinical value of exercise testing and training in patients with chronic lung disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is less robust compared with cardiac populations but nevertheless highly supportive. Functional limitations are common in these patients, and exercise testing provides important information pertaining to the degree of ...

The relationship between exercise performance, and lactate threshold and ventilatory threshold under two distinct environmental conditions is unknown. We examined the relationships between 6 lactate threshold methods (blood and ventilation-based) and exercise performance in cyclists under hot and cool environments. Twelve cyclists performed a lactate threshold test, a VO(2max) test, ...

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Measures of ventilatory efficiency during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) are increasingly being used as prognostic markers in heart failure and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Little is known about whether these measures can be applied to all forms of PH, in particular chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), where thrombotic vascular ...

PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between pulmonary function, aerobic exercise capacity and physical activity participation in adults following burn. METHODS: Eight burn injured males aged 20-55 years (%TBSA 33.3±18.7, 5.1 years±1.8 post injury), and 30 healthy adult controls participated. Pulmonary function was assessed during rest via spirometry. A graded exercise ...

Dyspnea is a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that can limit the ability and motivation to perform exercise or exertion. It is a common problem that affects specific groups of patients, such as, those suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, and interstitial lung disease, and in healthy ...

ABSTRACT: AIMS: To assess the cross-sectional association between exercise capacity, gas exchange efficiency and endothelial function, as measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD) of the brachial artery, in a large-scale population-based survey. METHODS: The study population was comprised of 1416 volunteers 25 to 85 years old. Oxygen ...

Background Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been shown to improve inspiratory muscle function, lung volumes (vital capacity [VC] and total lung capacity [TLC]), work capacity, and power output in people who are healthy; however no data exist that demonstrate the effect of varying intensities of IMT to produce these outcomes. ...

Abstract BACKGROUND: A growing body of research connects anxiety with poorer outcomes in COPD. However, more specific measures of dyspnea-related fear may be more closely related to critical processes involved in pulmonary rehabilitation (perception of dyspnea and avoidance of physical activity) and may have a predictive value for COPD outcome ...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an inpatient rehabilitation program on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and exercise capacity (EC) in long-term (>1 year after lung transplantation) survivors (LTSs) in comparison to a control group (CG). METHODS: Sixty LTSs, 4.5 ± 3.2 years after ...

: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of increased protein intake on short-term decrements in endurance performance during a block of high-intensity training. : Trained male cyclists (V˙O2max = 64.2 ± 6.5 mL·kg·min) completed two 3-wk trials both divided equally into normal (NOR), intensified (INT), ...

Background and objective:  Increased pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) usually coexists with impaired lung function in IPF. Data on the effect of pulmonary hypertension (PH) on cardiopulmonary responses during exercise in IPF patients is very limited. We sought to investigate the impact of PH on exercise capacity and the correlation between ...

The objective of the study is to assess the effects of emphysema on peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) during a cardiopulmonary exercise test in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We measured [Formula: see text] and oxygen pulse in 80 patients with stable COPD exercising maximally. Oxygen saturation ...

Asthma, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways is associated with variable obstruction to the airways and is provoked by many triggers including exercise. The management of asthma is primarily pharmacological, but exercise, despite causing bronchoconstriction in almost all asthmatics, is an important adjunct to treatment. With adequate control of ...

Abstract BACKGROUND: There is considerable evidence that oxidative stress is increased in patients with COPD, although little information is available about its relation with the structural and functional alterations produced by COPD. We evaluate the relationship between 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of stable COPD patients and the main ...

The aim of the case-control study was to investigate the prevalence of exercise intolerance, muscle weakness and fatigue in sarcoidosis patients. Additionally, we evaluated whether fatigue can be explained by exercise capacity, muscle strength or other clinical characteristics (lung function tests, radiographic stages, prednisone usage and inflammatory markers). Sarcoidosis patients ...

We compared the rate of perceived exertion for respiratory (RPE,resp) and leg (RPE,legs) muscles, using a 10-point Borg scale, to their specific power outputs in 10 healthy male subjects during incremental cycle exercise at sea level (SL) and high altitude (HA, 4,559 meters). Respiratory power output was calculated from breath-by-breath ...

OBJECTIVES: The functional status of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is often limited not only by cancer itself, but also by the different types of treatment and by comorbidities [eg, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), congestive heart failure]. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility ...

BACKGROUND: It is well-known that pulmonary function is altered in patients with ankylosing spondilitis (AS) owing mainly to the restriction of chest expansion. In addition to musculoskeletal factors, development of pulmonary function abnormalities may also deteriorate exercise tolerance of the patients. AIM: The aim of this study was to examine ...

Saeterbakken, AH, van den Tillaar, R, and Seiler, S. Effect of core stability training on throwing velocity in female handball players. J Strength Cond Res 25(3): 712-718, 2011-The purpose was to study the effect of a sling exercise training (SET)-based core stability program on maximal throwing velocity among female handball ...

Objective.  Eisenmenger syndrome, characterized by systemic-level pulmonary arterial resistance with resultant right-to-left shunt, is associated with low exercise capacity and hyperpnea at rest and exercise. Because ventilatory requirements are augmented by right-to-left shunting, we hypothesized that if pulmonary vasodilator treatment improved pulmonary perfusion in this condition, this would also improve ...

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the degree of air trapping in high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of patients with histories of sulfur mustard gas exposure during suspended full expiration correlated with various parameters of the cardiopulmonary exercise test as the gold standard for assessment of pulmonary ...

PURPOSE:: Expiratory flow limitation (EFL) can occur in healthy young women during exercise. We questioned whether the occurrence and severity of EFL was related to aerobic fitness or anatomical factors. METHODS:: Twenty-two healthy young (<40 yrs) women performed a progressive cycle test to exhaustion. Subject's maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve ...

The presence of obesity in COPD appears not to be a disadvantage with respect to dyspnea and weight-supported cycle exercise performance. We hypothesized that one explanation for this might be that the volume-reducing effects of obesity convey mechanical and respiratory muscle function advantages. Twelve obese COPD (OB) (FEV(1)=60%predicted; body mass ...

Dyspnea is one of the main complaints of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Lung function at rest is not sufficient to explain dyspnea during exercise. Because inspiratory muscles are faced with an increased workload in advanced CF, we studied the impact of their strength and endurance on dyspnea and alveolar ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of exercise training on oxidative stress and markers of lung inflammation in children with asthma. METHODS: Thirty children aged 8-13 years diagnosed with asthma were enrolled in the study as well as 13 healthy children. One group received only ...

BACKGROUND: To investigate the effect of home-based exercise training on exercise tolerance, muscle function and quality of life in Lung Transplant Recipients (LTR). METHODS: Twelve LTR and 7 age-matched healthy subjects underwent exercise training (ET, 12-wk, 3x/wk, 40min). Peak aerobic capacity ((peak)), endurance time (T(end)), minute ventilation (), quadriceps strength, ...

This study investigated the effect of 8 weeks, three times weekly, of aerobic exercise (AE), diaphragmatic inspiratory resistive breathing (DR), and aerobic exercise combined with diaphragmatic inspiratory resistive breathing (CE) on pulmonary function and abdominal and thoracic dimensions and kinematics in asthmatics. Eighty-eight inactive, moderate-persistent asthmatics were matched and randomly assigned ...

Capacity to exercise may not be fully restored in patients with heart failure even in the long term after ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation. The benefits of exercise training in patients with VAD are unknown. Fifteen patients, aged 38.3 ± 15.9 years, bridged to heart transplantation with left ventricular assist device or ...

this study examined the effects of heavy resistance training on the relationships between power loss and surface EMG (sEMG) indices and blood metabolite concentrations on dynamic exercise-induced fatigue with the same relative load as in pretraining. twelve trained subjects performed five sets consisting of 10 repetitions in the leg press, ...

Thornton, MK, Rossi, SJ, and McMillan, JL. Comparison of two different resistance training intensities on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in African American women who are overweight. J Strength Cond Res 25(2): 489-496, 2011-The purpose of this study was to compare a low- and high-intensity resistance exercise session of equal work ...

Mikulic, P, Vucetic, V, and Sentija, D. Strong relationship between heart rate deflection point and ventilatory threshold in trained rowers. J Strength Cond Res 25(2): 360-366, 2011-The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between heart rate deflection point (HRDP) and ventilatory threshold (VT) to the physiological and ...

Patients with lung cancer are often burdened by dyspnoea, fatigue, decreased physical ability and loss of weight. Earlier studies of physical exercise of patients with COPD have shown promising results. The aim of this study was to investigate, if a well-documented COPD rehabilitation protocol can improve physical fitness and quality ...

The diaphragm was postulated to fatigue relatively early during exhaustive whole body exercise without further loss in contractility as exercise proceeds towards task failure. Diaphragmatic contractility was investigated prior/during/after exhaustive whole body exercise until task failure by using lung volume corrected twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure (TwPdi(c)) during magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation ...

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Obesity alters breathing mechanics during exercise. Weight loss improves lung function at rest, but the effect of weight loss, especially regional fat loss, on exercise breathing mechanics is unclear. We hypothesized that weight loss, especially a decrease in abdominal fat, would improve breathing mechanics during exercise due to ...

Excess ventilation during exercise with accompanying dyspnea is characteristic of chronic heart failure (CHF), and these patients often exhibit increased minute ventilation (V'E) relative to the amount of carbon dioxide eliminated by the lungs (V'CO2) compared to normals. This can be measured in several ways, including using such variables as ...

Background: Eosinophils are the key inflammatory cells in asthma, and more and more evidence suggests their crucial role in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). Eotaxin, as the most important chemotactic factor for eosinophils, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the ...

Radtke T, Faro A, Wong J, Boehler A, Benden C. Exercise testing in pediatric lung transplant candidates with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Transplantation 2011. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract:  Exercise testing is considered an important prognostic tool for the selection of pediatric lung transplant candidates with end-stage CF ...

To evaluate the effectiveness of a Tai chi Qigong (TCQ) program in enhancing respiratory functions and activity tolerance in clients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Five general outpatient clinics in Hong Kong. In total, 206 COPD clients were randomly assigned into one of the ...

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of asthma involves both airway inflammation and an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. It is demonstrated in asthmatic adults that exercise programmes improve lung function, a mechanism yet to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible beneficial effects of physical exercise on antioxidant status in ...

Circulating leukocytes increase rapidly with exercise then quickly decrease when the exercise ends. We tested whether exercise acutely led to bidirectional interchange of leukocytes between the circulation and the lung, spleen, and active skeletal muscle. To accomplish this it was necessary to label a large number of immune cells (granulocytes, ...

Airway epithelium plays an important role in the asthma physiopathology. Aerobic exercise decreases Th2 response in murine models of allergic asthma, but its effects on the structure and activation of airway epithelium in asthma are unknown. BALB/c mice were divided into control, aerobic exercise, ovalbumin-sensitized and ovalbumin-sensitized plus aerobic exercise ...

Exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is common; however key aspects of its pathogenesis are still unclear. We investigated the feasibility of adapting an established animal model of asthma to investigate the earliest stages of EIB. The hypothesis was that a single exposure to a normally innocuous, and brief,exercise challenge could trigger ...

Exposure to ozone causes a decrease in spirometric lung function and an increase in airway inflammation in healthy young adults at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm, close to the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ground level ozone. To test whether airway effects occur below the current ozone standard ...