Low cardiorespiratory fitness and low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) levels are associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, but whether low 25(OH)D is independently associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy adults is not known. We examined 25(OH)D levels and fitness in 200 healthy adults participating in a double-blind clinical ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Intramyocellular lipids, including diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramides, have been linked to insulin resistance. This randomised repeated-measures study examined the effects of diet-induced weight loss (DIWL) and aerobic exercise (EX) on insulin sensitivity and intramyocellular triacylglycerol (IMTG), DAG and ceramide. METHODS: Sixteen overweight to obese adults (BMI 30.6 ± 0.8; 67.2 ± 4.0 years of ...

In a prospective study, eight women with polycystic ovary syndrome completed 16 weeks of individualized aerobic exercise training. Independent of changes in body weight and adiposity there was a statistically significant increase in aerobic fitness and insulin sensitivity and a statistically significant decrease in the total number of follicles measured ...

OBJECTIVE: Compulsive exercise has been closely linked with eating disorders, and has been widely reported in both clinical and nonclinical settings. It has been shown to have a negative impact on eating disorder treatment and outcome. However, the risk factors for compulsive exercise have not been examined. This study aimed ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of individual characteristics for thermoregulation during prolonged cycling in the heat. For this purpose, 28 subjects cycled for 60 min at 60% VO(2peak) in a hot-dry environment (36 ± 1°C; 25 ± 2% relative humidity, airflow 2.5 m/s). Subjects had a wide range of body mass ...

Dabbs, NC, Muñoz, CX, Tran, TT, Brown, LE, and Bottaro, M. Effect of different rest intervals after whole-body vibration on vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 25(3): 662-667, 2011-Whole-body vibration (WBV) may potentiate vertical jump (VJ) performance via augmented muscular strength and motor function. The purpose of this study ...

The aim of this study was to investigate surface electromyographic activity (sEMG) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) during semi-squat exercise on vibration platform compared with semi-squat exercise performed on a Smith machine. Twenty-three recreationally active students (15 males and 8 females) were exposed to six different loads in one ...

The beneficial effects of endurance exercise include insulin-sensitization and reduction of fat mass. Limited knowledge is available about the mechanisms by which endurance exercise exerts the salutary effects. Myokines, cytokines secreted by skeletal muscle, have been recognized as a potential mediator. Recently, a role of skeletal muscle-derived interleukin-15 (IL-15) in ...

Nitrate, an inorganic anion abundant in vegetables, is converted in vivo to bioactive nitrogen oxides including NO. We recently demonstrated that dietary nitrate reduces oxygen cost during physical exercise, but the mechanism remains unknown. In a double-blind crossover trial we studied the effects of a dietary intervention with inorganic nitrate on basal ...

Al-Rahamneh HQ, Eston RG. Prediction of peak oxygen consumption from the ratings of perceived exertion during a graded exercise test and ramp exercise test in able-bodied participants and paraplegic persons. To assess the accuracy of predicting peak oxygen consumption (Vo(2)peak) from a graded exercise test (GXT) and a ramp exercise ...

The responses to supramaximal exercise testing have been traditionally analyzed by means of standard parametric and nonparametric statistics. Unfortunately, these statistical approaches do not allow insight into the pattern of variation of a given parameter over time. The purpose of this study was to determine if the application of dynamic ...

The purpose of this study was to assess the metabolic profile and nutrient intake data in Korean adolescents according to exercise regularity using the forth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 data. A total of 834 Korean adolescents (440 boys, 394 girls) aged 12 to 18 years ...

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents was increasing during the past few decades. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of after-school exercise with or without diet restriction on total and central obesity, fitness level, and metabolic profile in overweight Chinese adolescents. ...

This study compared type of habitual exercise and meal form on diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) in 29 men age 19-28 yr. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and DIT response to solid-meal (bar) vs. liquid-meal (shake) ingestion were measured via indirect calorimetry; classifications were sedentary (n = 9), endurance trained (n = 11), ...

Dannelly, BD, Otey, SC, Croy, T, Harrison, B, Rynders, CA, Hertel, JN and Weltman, A. The effectiveness of traditional and sling exercise strength training in women. J Strength Cond Res 25(2): 464-471, 2011-Strength training often combines closed-kinetic-chain exercises (CKCEs) and open kinetic-chain exercises (OKCEs). The CKCE may be more effective ...

The purpose was to examine whether the translation of verbal descriptors from English to Italian affects the validity of the OMNI Scale of Perceived Exertion. 82 people for whom Italian was the primary language performed an orintation trial and a maximal graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Ratings of ...

Diet and exercise form the foundation of a healthy lifestyle. These are especially important for people living with diabetes mellitus, as they are the most practical non-pharmacological means by which patients may significantly improve their blood glucose levels. Exercise increases insulin sensitivity (both short and long term), lowers blood sugar ...

Discrepancies appear in studies comparing fat oxidation between men and women. Therefore, this study aimed to quantitatively describe and compare whole-body fat oxidation kinetics between genders during exercise, using a sinusoidal (SIN) model. Twelve men and 11 women matched for age, body mass index, and aerobic fitness (maximal oxygen uptake ...

OBJECTIVE:: The aim of this work was to determine whether the level of oxidative stress induced by moderate-intensity exercise depends on obesity phenotypes: metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) and non-metabolically healthy obese (at-risk obesity; non-MHO). METHODS:: We performed the study on 161 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 60 years. A ...

Abstract Adipose tissue secretes the adipokine, adiponectin (ADPN), which increases insulin sensitivity. Because some of the metabolic effects of exercise and ADPN are similar, exercise has been proposed to increase ADPN. However, most short-term (≤3 mos) and constant-effort exercise protocols have not produced increases in ADPN. Furthermore, no direct comparisons ...

Previous studies have suggested that greater core temperatures during intermittent exercise (Ex) are due to attenuated sweating (SR) and skin blood flow (SkBF) responses. We evaluated the hypothesis that heat loss is not altered during exercise-rest cycles (ER). Ten male participants randomly performed four 120min trials: 1) 60min Ex and ...

Background:Prolonged, moderate-intensity exercise training is routinely prescribed to subjects with obesity. In the general population, this type of exercise can lead to fluid and sodium imbalance. However, little is known whether obesity alters the risk of fluid and sodium imbalances.Objective:This study examined physiological responses, such as core body temperature, fluid ...

Laboratory-based studies have demonstrated that adding protein (PRO) to a carbohydrate (CHO) supplement can improve thermoregulatory capacity, exercise performance and recovery. However, no study has investigated these effects in a competitive sporting context. This study assessed the effects of combined CHO-PRO supplementation on physiological responses and exercise performance during 8 days ...

ABSTRACT: Non-exercise physical activity (NEPA) is an important part of energy expenditure. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of exercise and NEPA among adolescents. In the HKSOS project 2006-2007, the proportions of Hong Kong Chinese adolescents (N=32,005) achieving 60-minute exercise and 60-minute NEPA per day were analyzed. Exercise was ...

Objective: To examine glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) expression on B lymphocytes in response to an acute bout of resistance exercise. Methods: Using a within-subject design, resistance-trained women (n = 7; age: 22.13 ± 3.09 years; height: 1.69 ± 0.084 m; body weight: 65.60 ± 10.01 kg; body mass index: 22.63 ± ...

Within EURADOS working group 2, a system for self-sustained intercomparisons for individual monitoring services for external radiation was developed. With the intercomparison results, the participants can show compliance within their quality management system, compare their results with those from other participants and develop plans for improvement of their system. The ...

Mammals expend energy in many ways, including basic cellular maintenance and repair, digestion, thermoregulation, locomotion, growth and reproduction. These processes can vary tremendously among species and individuals, potentially leading to large variation in daily energy expenditure (DEE). Locomotor energy costs can be substantial for large-bodied species and those with high-activity ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate fitness and health adaptations from a training program riding all-terrain vehicles (ATV) and off-road motorcycles (ORM) as the exercise stimulus. Participants (n = 58) were randomized to a control group (n = 12) or one of four experimental groups; 2 days/week ATV (n = 11), 2 days/week ORM (n = 12), 4 days/week ...

Purpose: To determine the relationship between exercise stage and decisional balance in overweight and obese individuals seeking advanced practice nurse (APN) care. Data sources: A convenience sample of 175 persons aged 40 or above with the values of body mass index (BMI) exceeding 25. Conclusions: One fourth of the respondents ...

BACKGROUND Low concentrations of leptin secondary to low body fat or other modulators are thought to be a key signal whereby an energy deficit suppresses the reproductive axis in exercising women resulting in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA). The purpose of this study was to first examine leptin concentrations in exercising ...

To determine the opinion of health care professionals within Australia, regarding acceptable levels of exertion and symptoms, and referral for exercise rehabilitation in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In 2010, 76 health care professionals at a specialist pulmonary hypertension meeting in Australia were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. The ...

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on exercise-induced oxidative stress in rats. Rats were divided into four groups, i.e., one control group and three LBP treated groups. The animals received an oral administration of physiological saline or LBP (100, 200 ...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an important central orexigenic hormone predominantly produced by the hypothalamus, and recently found to be secreted in adipose tissue (AT). Acipimox (Aci) inhibits lipolysis in AT and reduces plasma glycerol and free fatty acid (FFA) levels. Exercise and Aci are enhancers of growth hormone (GH) and ...

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) commonly suffer from exertional symptoms of breathlessness and fatigue. The similar systemic manifestations of the conditions, including skeletal muscle dysfunction, are a major contributing factor to the limitation in exercise capacity. A period of exercise training has been ...

Lymphedema is a debilitating complication following mastectomy, affecting the arm functions and quality of life (QOL) of breast cancer patients. Studies have shown the beneficial effects of upper-limb exercises on lymphedema in clinical set tings. However, there is a dearth of evidence regarding the effect of home-based exercises on lymphedema; ...

This study was performed to evaluate the combined effect of a meal replacement and an alleged weight loss supplement (WLS) on body composition, fitness parameters, and clinical health in moderately overweight college-aged men and women. Body mass, bench press 1 repetition maximum (1RM), leg press 1RM, body composition, V(O2)max, fasting ...

Little is known about factors affecting adherence to highly-structured and supervised exercise programs in older people. Healthy, inactive older (≥65 y) women (N = 30) were randomized into a 1) higher- (ATH-80% VO2peak); 2) moderate- (ATM-65% VO2peak) intensity aerobic; or 3) lower-intensity resistance (RTL; 50% VO2peak) group. All 3 groups ...

Physical activity may reduce the risk of adverse maternal outcomes, yet there are very few studies that have examined the correlates of exercise amongst obese women during pregnancy. We examined which relevant sociodemographic, obstetric, and health behaviour variables and pregnancy symptoms were associated with exercise in a small sample of ...

Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to sensory and motor polyneuropathies as well as functional limitations. So far, liver transplantation is the only treatment for FAP because the mutated protein causing the disease is mainly produced in the liver. With the increasing survival of transplant recipients, ...

The influences of creatine and caffeine supplementation associated with power exercise on lean body mass (LBM) composition are not clear. The purpose of this research was to determine whether supplementation with high doses of creatine and caffeine, either solely or combined, affects the LBM composition of rats submitted to vertical ...

Purpose: The incidence of cardiovascular events is higher in coronary artery disease patients with type 2 diabetes (CAD + T2D) than in CAD patients without T2D. There is increasing evidence that the recovery phase after exercise is a vulnerable phase for various cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that autonomic regulation differs in CAD ...

More than 60% of African American adults do not meet recommendations for moderate physical activity. We sought to discover the extent to which health attitudes and beliefs are associated with leisure-time physical activity in this population. Cross-sectional study. African American adults were asked about their health attitudes and beliefs during ...

Regular physical exercise has numerous benefits. However, there is a subset of the exercising population who may develop a compulsion to exercise excessively and who may, as a consequence, display physiological and psychological changes that have a direct influence on their quality of life. Our objective was to determine if ...

Background: Exercise oscillatory ventilation (EOV) is a common pattern of breathing in heart failure (HF) patients, and indicates a poor prognosis. Aim: To investigate the effects of adaptive servoventilation (ASV) on ventilatory response during exercise. Methods: We studied 39 HF patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) £ 45. Cardiorespiratory ...

The metabolic syndrome is characterized by the accumulation of several metabolic risk factors. It is important to improve physical activity and dietary habits to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in humans. The study participants participated in a weekly aerobic exercise program that included a session composed of a brief ...

Athletes in Malaysia need to perform in a hot and humid environment due to the climatic nature of the country. Chronic supplementation of Panax ginseng (PG) (a deciduous perennial plant belonging to the Araliaceae family) enhances physical performance. As the ergogenic effect of acute supplementation of PG on endurance performance ...

To analyze submacular choroidal blood flow (ChBF) response to isometric exercise in untreated patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. ChBF was examined by means of confocal laser Doppler flowmetry during 5 minutes of baseline, during 90 seconds of isometric exercise with a Martin's vigorimeter and during 15 minutes of recovery. ...

Interest in yoga is growing, especially among older adults. This review critically summarizes the current literature to investigate whether physical fitness and function benefits are engendered through the practice of yoga in older adults. A comprehensive search yielded 507 studies; 10 studies with 544 participants (69.6 ± 6.3 yr, 71% ...

To determine whether adults with Down syndrome (DS) could improve their submaximal and peak exercise capacity, as for adults without disabilities, after 12 weeks of combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise training. Prospective study comparing the effects of a 12-week combined exercise program on submaximal and peak exercise capacity of adults ...

Exertional heat illness typically occurs over hours in younger athletic patients or military recruits who exercise at elevated temperatures for a sufficient period of time to cause the rate of heat production to exceed the capacity of the body to dissipate heat. Since the physiological response to exercise includes cutaneous ...