The effects of a Nordic walking (NW) program compared to those of a walking (W) program on physiological and perceptual variables in obese middle-aged women were investigated. Subjects (n=12 NW group, n=11 W group) trained over 12 weeks 3 times.week (-1). Body mass, body mass index (BMI), body fat, heart ...

It is hypothesized that exercise can lead to a decrease in breast cancer risk through several hormonal and nonhormonal mechanisms. The WISER (Women In Steady Exercise Research) study investigated the effects of aerobic exercise on premenopausal sex hormone levels. Three hundred ninety-one sedentary, healthy, young eumenorrheic women were randomized either ...

OBJECTIVES: This article examines the effects of brief, intense exercise in comparison with traditional endurance exercise on both novel and traditional markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in youth. METHODS: Forty seven boys and ten girls (16.4 ± 0.7 years of age) were divided into a moderate (MOD), high intensity (HIT), ...

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of insulin resistance status on weight changes in non-obese women who followed a home-based exercise program and slight caloric restriction over a period of 12 months. Middle-aged (25-45 year), non-obese (body mass index of 23-29.9 kg/m(2)) women were randomly assigned to control (CG) ...

Energy drinks are frequently consumed by athletes prior to competition to improve performance. This study examined the effect of Red Bull™ on repeated sprint performance in women athletes. Fifteen collegiate soccer players participated, with mean age, height, and body mass equal to 19.5 ± 1.1 year, 168.4 ± 5.8 cm, and 63.4 ± 6.1 kg, respectively. After performing a ...

Patients with normal ejection fraction (EF) by conventional echocardiography may present with symptoms and findings of decreased cardiac functional capacity. We aimed to investigate the association between cardiac functional capacity determined by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and parameters of tissue Doppler (TD) imaging in patients with normal EF. In all, ...

Using objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997), this study tested the interaction between self-objectification, appearance evaluation, and self-esteem in predicting body satisfaction and mood states. Participants (N = 93) were physically active female university students. State self-objectification was manipulated by participants wearing tight revealing exercise attire (experimental condition) or baggy ...

This paper reports on an experimental investigation on the effect of added fullness and ventilation holes in T-shirt design on clothing comfort measured in terms of thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance. Four T-shirts in four different sizes (S, M, L, XL) were cut under the traditional sizing method while ...

Background Increased physical activity is often recommended for weight maintenance and loss. Therefore many overweight persons want to take up running as a form of exercise. Although running has positive effects on health and fitness, the incidence of a running related injury (RRI) is high. Objective To examine the risk ...

Obese individuals have an increased risk of developing depression. This study aimed to determine whether the "Senobi" breathing exercise (SBE), a stretching-breathing exercise that we have established, could relieve depression, especially in obese women. Forty premenopausal women, aged 40 to 49 years, participated in the present study. Twenty were healthy, ...

To evaluate the functional and hemodynamic responses during exercise and its recovery in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism (SCH). A cross-sectional study was carried out with 29 patients on TSH-suppressive therapy with levothyroxine for thyroid carcinoma and 35 euthyroid subjects. All volunteers underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill and ...

Insect repellents (e.g. N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide or DEET) applied to the skin can potentially interfere with sweat production and evaporation, thus increasing physiological strain during exercise-heat stress. The purpose was to determine the impact of 33% DEET lotion on sweating responses, whole body thermoregulation and thermal sensation during walking exercise in the ...

Background Despite the high prevalence of Exercise Associated Muscle Cramping (EAMC) in endurance athletes, the aetiology and risk factors for this condition are not fully understood. Objective The objective of this prospective cohort study was to identify risk factors associated with EAMC in endurance triathletes. Setting Field study during an ...

Thermoregulatory responses to exercise differ in prepubertal athletes compared with their adult counterparts. It is important, therefore, to consider fluid requirements specific to this age group to prevent risks of dehydration and diminished sports performance. Relative to their body size, children demonstrate lower sweat water losses during exercise than adults. ...

This paper analyses variables associated with community-dwelling older people's engagement in physical activity (PA). Data were examined using the results from the European ZINCAGE study on 306 community-dwelling Italians aged 65 years and over. The lifestyle questionnaire was used to evaluate the data. Levels of regular/non-regular PA were based on ...

Objective To use the meta-analytical procedures to determine the magnitude of the effect of exercise-induced dehydration (EID) upon time-trial (TT) exercise performance. Methods Studies were located via database searches and cross-referencing. TT performance outcomes were converted to mean percentage changes in power output. Random-effects model meta-regressions, analogue to the ANOVA ...

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of an exercise trial on self-esteem, self-concept and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia and to evaluate whether improvements in psychological distress were related to changes in physical functioning. Twenty-eight women with a primary diagnosis of fibromyalgia were randomized to a ...

Weight loss is common in older people. It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly when unintentional, excessive (>5% body weight), or associated with low body weight (body mass index <22 kg/m(2)). It is often unrecognized, the associated adverse effects not appreciated, and underlying causes not addressed. Intentional weight ...

This study examined how exposure to media containing different body image content while exercising influenced exercise performance and feelings concerning appearance. 41 females completed two sessions of cycling (30 minutes). During exercise, participants viewed a television show that contained either media-portrayed ideal or neutral female body images. There were no ...

Increased brain dopamine availability improves prolonged exercise tolerance in the heat. It is unclear whether supplementing the amino-acid precursor of dopamine increases exercise capacity in the heat. Eight healthy male volunteers [mean age 32 ± 11 (SD) years; body mass 75.3 ± 8.1 kg; peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) 3.5 ± 0.3 L min(-1)] performed two exercise trials ...

We explore comorbidity of anorexia nervosa (AN) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and their relation with body mass index (BMI) and evaluate the presence of fasting and excessive exercise which both have anxiolytic and weight loss effects. All participants were female: 32 with AN only, 607 with GAD only, 22 ...

L: -Ornithine plays an important role in ammonia metabolism via the urea cycle. This study aimed to examine the effect of L: -ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on ammonia metabolism and performance after intermittent maximal anaerobic cycle ergometer exercise. Ten healthy young adults (age, 23.8 ± 3.9 year; height, 172.3 ± 5.5 cm; body mass, 67.7 ± 6.1 kg) with regular ...

The potential utility of the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse resource was evaluated to better understand complex traits related to energy balance. A primary focus was to examine if genetic diversity in emerging CC lines (pre-CC) would translate into equivalent phenotypic diversity. Second, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) for 15 ...

Background and Aim. There is limited data on the effects of inactivity (prolonged bed-rest) on parameters of endocrine and metabolic function; we therefore aimed to examine changes in these systems during and after prolonged (56-day) bed-rest in male adults. Subjects and Methods. 20 healthy male subjects underwent 8 weeks of ...

OBJECTIVE:: To measure changes in body mass (BM), total body water (TBW), fluid intake, and blood biochemistry in athletes during 21.1-km and 56-km foot races. DESIGN:: Observational study. SETTING:: 2009 Two Oceans Marathon, South Africa. PARTICIPANTS:: Twenty-one (21.1 km) and 12 (56 km) participants were advised to drink according to ...

OBJECTIVE:: The prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) has mainly been investigated in marathoners and Ironman triathletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of EAH in male ultraendurance athletes in other disciplines, such as ultraswimming, ultracycling, and ultramarathon running. DESIGN:: Observational field study. SETTING:: "Marathon Swim" in ...

Exercising muscle release IL-6 but the mechanisms controlling this process are poorly understood. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that the IL-6 release is different from arm and leg muscle during whole body exercise due to differences in muscle metabolism. Sixteen subjects (10 males, 6 females, with body ...

There has been limited research and evidence that GH enhances physical performance in healthy adults or in trained athletes. Even so, human growth hormone (GH) is widely abused by athletes. In healthy adults, GH increases lean body mass, although it is possible that fluid retention contributes to this effect. The ...

The ingestion of the dietary supplement creatine (about 20 g/day for 5 days or about 2 g/day for 30 days) results in increased skeletal muscle creatine and phosphocreatine. Subsequently, the performance of high-intensity exercise tasks, which rely heavily on the creatine-phosphocreatine energy system, is enhanced. The well documented benefits of creatine supplementation in young ...

Although conditioning is routinely used in mechanical tests of tendon in vitro, previous in vivo research evaluating the influence of body anthropometry on Achilles tendon thickness have not considered its potential effects on tendon structure. This study evaluated the relationship between Achilles tendon thickness and body anthropometry in healthy adults ...

We examined the degree to which ventilatory sensitivity to rising body temperature (the slope of the regression line relating ventilation and body temperature) is altered by restoration of arterial PCO(2) to the eucapnic level during prolonged exercise in the heat. Thirteen subjects exercised for ~60 min on a cycle ergometer ...

Because physical exercise is an efficient means to improve maximum consumption of oxygen (VO(2max)) and reduce body fat, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of 4 months of a guided physical activity program on BMI, BP and estimated VO(2max) of older participants of the FHP. The ...

Astorino, TA, Martin, BJ, Schachtsiek, L, Wong, K, and Ng, K. Minimal effect of acute caffeine ingestion on intense resistance training performance. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-The primary aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of acute caffeine intake to enhance intense resistance training performance. Fourteen ...

ABSTRACTBackground: This study aimed to test the effects of yoga exercises on the physical and mental health of elderly people with dementia living in long-term care facilities.Methods: A quasi-experimental, pretest-post-test design was used. A convenience sample of 68 residents in long-term care facilities in southern Taiwan, aged 60 years and ...

OBJECTIVE: Although eating disorder (ED) symptoms result in reduced quality of life (QOL), research is needed to examine variables that influence this relationship. The purpose of our study was to conceptually examine the relationship among ED-specific QOL, ED symptoms, and exercise behavior. METHOD: Female university students (N = 387) completed ED-specific QOL, ...

Background: Our aim was to investigate the relationship between impaired exercise capacity and albumin excretion level in the setting of never treated essential hypertension. Design and methods: For this purpose, 338 consecutive essential hypertensives (52 ± 8.5 years, 227 males, office BP = 148.6/96.1 mmHg) performed a negative for myocardial ...

Maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) can be predicted by fixed-rate step tests. However, it remains to be analyzed as to what exercise intensities are reached during such tests to address medical safety. In this study, we compared the physiological response to a standardized fixed-rate step test with maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of a newly developed method for quantifying perceived skin wettedness (W (p)) as an index to evaluate heat strain. Eight male subjects underwent 12 experimental conditions: activities (rest and exercise) × clothing (Control, Tyvek and Vinyl condition) × air temperatures (25 and 32°C). To ...

Argus, CK, Gill, ND, Keogh, JWL, and Hopkins, WG. Assessing lower-body peak power in elite rugby-union players. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-Resistance training at the load that maximizes peak power (Pmax) may produce greater increases in peak power than other loads. Pmax for lower-body lifts can occur with ...

Simão, R, Lemos, A, Salles, B, Leite, T, Oliveira, É, Rhea, M, and Reis, VM. The influence of strength, flexibility, and simultaneous training on flexibility and strength gains. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-The purpose of this study was to examine the strength and flexibility gains after isolated or ...

To investigate the effects of daily oral L-leucine ingestion on strength, bone mineral-free lean tissue mass (LTM) and fat mass (FM) of free living humans during a 12-wk resistance-training program. Twenty-six initially untrained men (n = 13 per group) ingested either 4 g/d of L-leucine (leucine group: age 28.5 ± ...

Abstract Purpose . Determine the effects of 16 weeks of strength training on measures of functional ability in elderly who are functionally limited. Design . Quasi-experimental trial in which elderly volunteers were assigned to either an exercise group or a control group. Participants . Eighty-seven participants (65?93 years) living independently ...

This study examined gender differences in terms of energy intake and appetite feelings after an acute bout of physical exercise among obese adolescents. Seven obese girls and seven obese boys were asked to complete a sedentary and an exercise session in random order, where their food consumption and appetite sensations ...

To evaluate short- (3 months) and long-term (9 months) effects of home-based exercise on adiponectin, exercise behavior and metabolic risk factors in middle-aged adults at diabetic risk. One hundred and thirty-five middle-aged adults (38 men, 97 women) with at least one diabetic risk factor were randomly assigned to either a ...

Body composition is highly modifiable through exercise and may be changed by the physical stress of soccer training and competition. Especially body water as a constituent of body composition is assumed to be subjected to changes. It is speculated that during the most important soccer championship the combination of heat ...

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) obesity is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease. This study was conducted to examine the effects of lifestyle interventions on renal parameters and putative metabolic, neuroadrenergic and hemodynamic mediators of renal injury. Untreated men and women (mean age 55 ± 1 years; BMI 32.7 ± ...

Sarcopenia and weakness are known to precipitate risk for disability, comorbidity, and diminished independence among aging adults. Resistance exercise has been proposed as a viable intervention to elicit muscular adaptation and improve function. However, the reported prevalence of resistance exercise participation among US adults aged >50 years is very low. ...

This study investigates the impact of protein co-ingestion with carbohydrate on muscle protein synthesis during endurance type exercise. Twelve healthy male cyclists were studied during 2 h of fasted rest, followed by 2 h of continuous cycling at 55% W(max). During exercise, subjects received either 1.0 g•kg(-1)•h(-1) carbohydrate (CHO) or ...

: To examine the physiological characteristics of experienced ski mountaineers and to determine the physical demands of ski mountaineering competition. : Descriptive field study. : An international ski mountaineering competition characterized by 20 400 m distance and 1869 m altitude difference that took place in March 2009 in the South ...

The link between physical activity and weight loss has precipitated interest in interventions to foster adherence to exercise. It has been suggested that treatment effects, when significant, should be analyzed to determine theory-based mediators. This research assessed possible mediation of changes in Physical Self-Concept, Exercise Self-Efficacy, Total Mood Disturbance, and ...