This study examined the independent and combined importance of aerobic fitness and body fatness on physiological tolerance and exercise time during weight-bearing exercise while wearing a semipermeable protective ensemble. Twenty-four men and women were matched for aerobic fitness and body fatness in one of four groups (4 men and 2 ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of therapeutic levels of clenbuterol, with and without exercise training, on body composition. Twenty-three unfit Standardbred mares were divided into four experimental groups: clenbuterol (2.4 microg/kg body wt twice daily) plus exercise (ClenEx; 20 min at 50% maximal oxygen consumption ...

PURPOSE: This study investigates the familial resemblance of VO2 at the ventilatory threshold (VO2vt) from 199 nuclear families (100 White and 99 Black) participating in the HERITAGE Family Study. METHODS: VO2vt (mL x min(-1)) was determined in the sedentary state and again after 20 wk of aerobic cycle ergometer exercise ...

To evaluate the effect of exercise training on serum leptin levels 50 sedentary subjects with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in either 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training with diet therapy (n = 23) or diet therapy alone (n = 27). The training program consisted of walking and cycle ergometer ...

1. Contemporary stable isotope methodology was applied in combination with muscle biopsy sampling to accurately quantify substrate utilisation and study the regulation of muscle fuel selection during exercise. 2. Eight cyclists were studied at rest and during three consecutive 30 min stages of exercise at intensities of 40, 55 and ...

Carpal tunnel syndrome is associated with greater body mass index and less physical activity. To determine the effect of aerobic exercise on median nerve conduction and symptoms suggestive of carpal tunnel syndrome, 30 symptomatic volunteers (30 to 64 years old) with abnormal median nerve conduction studies participated in a 10-month ...

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular capacity declines with aging, as evidenced by declining maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2)max ), with little known about the specific mechanisms of this decline. Our study objective was to assess the effect of a 30-year interval on body composition and cardiovascular response to acute exercise in 5 healthy subjects ...

This study was designed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of daily conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in healthy exercising humans. This was a random-double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 20 healthy humans of normal body weight and body mass index less than 25.0 kg/m2, who did standardized physical exercise in a gym ...

OBJECTIVES: To compare fat and carbohydrate oxidation at different exercise intensities between overweight and normal-weight subjects, in order to analyze the influence of muscular metabolic abnormalities in obese people on substrate utilization during exercise. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 32 healthy sedentary overweight subjects (Body Mass Index (BMI): 30.8 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2); ...

We postulated that high circulating cortisol levels during intense exercise would lead to increased serum leptin concentrations. Young, lean men ate a small meal and then exercised on a cycle ergometer for 41 min or rested on a control day. Serum leptin concentration was 10% greater during exercise than in ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of an exercise training program on lipid profile in correlation with DHEA level and body weight and body composition in type 2 diabetic men. DESIGN: Longitudinal, controlled clinical intervention study with exercise training consisting of an 8 week supervised program of aerobic exercise (75% VO(2) ...

One mechanism by which prior exercise decreases the plasma triacylglycerol (TG) response to dietary fat may involve enhanced clearance of TG-rich lipoproteins. The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of moderate intensity exercise on postprandial lipemia and muscle lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Eight physically active, normolipidemic ...

There is a controversy in the literature as to the effects of gender on leucine kinetics. Two research groups found that men oxidize more leucine during exercise, whereas another group showed no gender effects. The purpose of our study was to examine the effects of gender on leucine and, for ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the rates of substrate oxidation in lean and obese women during short-duration, high-intensity exercise and to examine the effects of a 16-week exercise training program on substrate oxidation during 30 min of exercise in lean and obese individuals. Fat and carbohydrate oxidation ...

A restricted protein diet supplemented with amino acids and fat may reduce the acidogenic effects of exercise. Twelve Arabian horses were assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial experiment: two fat levels: 0 or 10 g/100 g added corn oil and two crude protein levels: 7.5 g/100 g (supplemented with ...

The metabolic response to a 150 or 400 g 13C-labelled pasta meal was studied for 8 h following rest or exercise at low or moderate workload (n 6). Following rest, the 400 g meal totally suppressed fat oxidation (v. 14.1 g following the 150 g meal) and a small amount ...

The goal of this study was to determine whether differences in physical activity-related fat oxidation exist between lean and obese African-American (LAA and OAA) and lean and obese Caucasian (LC and OC) premenopausal women. Lean AA (28.4 +/- 2.8 yr, n = 7), LC (24.7 +/- 1.8 yr, n = ...

PURPOSE: This review was undertaken to determine whether exercise-induced weight loss was associated with corresponding reductions in total, abdominal, and visceral fat in a dose-response manner. METHODS: A literature search (MEDLINE, 1966--2000) was performed using appropriate keywords to identify studies that consider the influence of exercise-induced weight loss on total ...

The independent and combined effects of exercise training and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on body composition, fat distribution, glucose tolerance, and insulin action were studied in postmenopausal women, aged 68 +/- 5 yr, assigned to control (n = 19), exercise (n = 18), HRT (n = 15), and exercise + ...

Global warming may affect the physiology, distributions, phenology and adaptations of plants and animals. In Israel, minimum summer temperatures increased by an average of 0.26 degrees C per decade during the second half of the 20th century. Bergmann's rule predicts that, in warm-blooded animals, races from warm regions are smaller ...

Studies in animals and humans using supraphysiological doses of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) reported significant changes in body composition and carbohydrate metabolism. To investigate the metabolic action of a physiological DHEA replacement dose, we studied 24 women with adrenal insufficiency (AI; mean +/- SD age, 42.3 +/- 9.3 yr; duration of disease, ...

Moderate exercise reduces postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations, which are a risk marker for coronary heart disease. The present study sought to determine the qualitative nature of exercise-induced changes in lipid metabolism and their association (if any) with changes in factor VII activation. Eleven normotriglyceridaemic men, aged 51.7+/-6.1 years (mean+/-S.D.), participated in ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on physiological fatigue (time on treadmill), dyspnea [rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1)], weight, and body composition in HIV-1-infected adults (200-499 x 106 CD4+ cells/l). DESIGN: The study was ...

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess different attributes of physical activity and fitness and their relationship to nutritional state in endurance- and resistance-trained, compared to untrained men. The subjects were 42 men matched for age, of which 13 were untrained [UT, mean age 30.2 years, mean height ...

This study examined how whole body center of mass (COM) in the medial-lateral direction and spatial orientation of body segments changed during quiet stance when a weight was loaded on asymmetrically on the right side of the pelvis. The load corresponded to 10 and 30% of body weight (BW) of ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It is unclear whether fat digestion is required for the induction of gastrointestinal sensations and whether different fats have different effects. We investigated the effect of fat digestion and of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs; C < 12) and long-chain triglycerides (LCTs; C > 16) on gastrointestinal sensations. METHODS: ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) with and without exercise on postprandial lipemia (PPL). Subjects were 25 young men and women. Each subject performed three trials: 1) control (fat meal only, 1.5 g fat/kg) 2) MCT (substitution of MCT oil, 30% of ...

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of exercise training on resting metabolic rate (RMR) in moderately obese women. It was hypothesized that exercise training would increase resting metabolic rate. Nineteen previously sedentary, moderately obese women (age = 38.0 +/- 0.9 years, percent body fat = 37.5 +/- ...

Moderate intensity exercise reduces postprandial triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations. We tested whether this reflects increased TG clearance. Eight normotriglyceridaemic men, aged 48.3 +/- 7.3 years (mean +/- SD), performed two oral fat tolerance tests (blood samples taken in the fasted state and for six hours after a high-fat meal containing 1.00 ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 8 wk of bovine colostrum supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in active men and women. Subjects were randomly assigned to a placebo (whey protein) and colostrum group (20 g/d in powder form). Each subject participated in aerobic ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of fat distribution on aerobic and ventilatory response to exercise testing in morbidly obese (MO) females. METHODOLOGY: The study population consisted of 164 MO females, 55% (n = 90) with upper body or abdominal adiposity (UBD), as defined by ...

BACKGROUND: Energy restriction is known to induce a decline in fat oxidation during the postdiet period. Reduced fat oxidation may contribute to weight regain. OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the effect of the addition of low-intensity exercise training to energy restriction on postdiet fat oxidation and on the contribution of ...

Wasting is a major complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which remains prevalent even in the era of highly-active antiretroviral therapy. We have previously shown that progressive resistance exercise can increase lean body mass (LBM) significantly in patients with wasting, and that exercise does not increase circulating HIV RNA ...

OBJECTIVE: Two studies were conducted to assess the potential of an increase in exercise intensity to alter energy and lipid metabolism and body fatness under conditions mimicking real life. METHODS: Study 1 was based on the comparison of adiposity markers obtained in 352 male healthy adults who participated in the ...

We aimed to show the relationships between reported physical activity, fitness level, and body composition in healthy adult office-working Kuwaiti males (n = 45). Reported level of physical activity (group 0 = no routine exercise, n = 10; group 1 = routine exercise once per wk, n = 19; group ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between whole-body leucine oxidation and oxygen consumption during steady-state exercise. Our hypothesis was that leucine oxidation will be responsive to increased whole-body energy needs. METHODS: Sixteen healthy individuals (7 women and 9 men) were infused with a stable isotope ...

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that fat metabolism is different in upper body (UB) and lower body (LB) obese women. The present study investigated whether the effect of low-intensity exercise training on fat metabolism is different in UB and LB obese premenopausal women. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Twenty-one healthy, premenopausal ...

Individuals vary in susceptibility to weight gain in response to overeating; however, the reason for such variation has never been clear. A recent study of 16 nonobese young adults followed on an ambulatory basis for 8 weeks found that changes in nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) account for the variations in ...

OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic overview of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to clarify the contribution of nutritional supplementation for patients with stable COPD. METHODS: RCTs were identified from several sources, including the Cochrane Airways Group register of RCTs, a hand search of abstracts presented at international meetings, and consultation with ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two mutibehavioral interventions: stress management (SM) (nutrition, exercise, and stress management) and education (ED) (nutrition, exercise, and education) on reduction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in older men. A convenience sample (n = 33) of older men (66 ...

Due to the lipophilicity of many xenobiotics, the perfusion of fat tissue is of special interest in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. In order to estimate inter- and intra-individual variability in fat tissue blood flow with exercise, a population PBPK model for toluene was fitted to experimental data from subjects ...

The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of posture change on relative body fat in the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. The subjects were 30 Japanese healthy young adult males (age: 19.8 +/- 1.4 years, height: 172.3 +/- 5.8 cm, weight: 67.1 +/- 8.2 kg). We used ...

INTRODUCTION: Anaerobic performance and body protein may decrease with energy restriction practiced by some athletes for weight loss. METHODS: This investigation examined the effects of creatine (Cr) supplementation during energy restriction on muscle Cr, exercise performance (10 sprints of 6 s, with 30-s rest), nitrogen balance, and body composition in ...

We have reported that ingesting a meal immediately after exercise increased skeletal muscle accretion and less adipose tissue accumulation in rats employed in a 10 week resistance exercise program. We hypothesized that a possible increase in the resting metabolic rate (RMR) as a result of the larger skeletal muscle mass ...

In sedentary elderly people, a reduced muscle fatty acid oxidative capacity (MFOC) may explain a decrease in whole body fat oxidation. Eleven sedentary and seven regularly exercising subjects (65.6 +/- 4. 5 yr) were characterized for their aerobic fitness [maximal O(2) uptake (VO(2 max))/kg fat free mass (FFM)] and their ...

The present study examined the relationships among self-reported amounts of exercise, body composition, age, weight, blood pressure, and physical fitness. Participants reported their duration and frequency of exercise, which were combined to obtain individual indexes of exercise. VO2 max predicted from a 1-mi. walk test, percent body fat via sum ...

The aim of this study was to examine the short-term effect of lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) on body composition and other nutritional indicators in 28 patients with emphysema underwent thoracoscopic LVRS. Functional tests, body weight (BW), and body composition were measured before and 6 months after surgery. Mean daily ...

We have previously shown that the combination of caffeine, carnitine, and choline supplementation decreased body fat and serum leptin concentration in rats and was attributed to increased fat utilization for energy. As a result, it was hypothesized that the supplements may augment exercise performance including physiological and biochemical indexes. Twenty ...

In pigs, the spontaneous secretion of the exocrine pancreas and the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide YY (PYY) after intraduodenal infusion of fully saturated synthetic fats differing in chain length was studied. Growing pigs (n = 6) were prepared with pancreatic duct catheters, duodenal T-cannulas and catheters placed in ...

THE EFFECTS OF INTERVAL TRAINING AND MODEST CALORIE RESTRICION IN THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY by Michelle Marie Stockunas ABSTRACT Moderate intensity exercise (MIT) was compared to high intensity interval exercise (HIIT) as part of a nine week treatment strategy for 13 obese men. Both groups exercised three days per week ...