Numerous studies have examined the relations between body concerns and exercise. This meta-analysis is based on 35 studies with exercise programs influencing body concerns. There was an overall effect of .45, suggesting that exercise positively affects body concerns. Moderator variables, such as sex, type of exercise, and length of intervention ...

Obesity is an epidemic disease that may affect brain function. The present study examined the effect of high fat diet (HF) and physical exercise on peripheral tissue and hippocampal signaling. CF-1 mice (n = 4, per cage) were divided into groups receiving high fat (HF) or control (CD) diets for ...

CONTEXT: Recent studies disputed the widely promoted anti-aging effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation; however, conflicting data exist on whether physiological DHEA supplementation enhances exercise training effects on body composition, physical performance, and cardiometabolic risk in healthy postmenopausal women. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether 12 wk ...

Aerobic exercise has been shown to lower postprandial TAG concentrations after a meal(s) of high-fat content. This study examined the effects of moderate-intensity cycling on postprandial TAG concentrations and pre-heparin lipoprotein lipase concentrations after subjects consumed a meal of moderate-fat content (45 % of total energy). Twelve male subjects, aged ...

Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is an important regulator of carbohydrate oxidation during exercise, and its activity can be downregulated by an increase in dietary fat. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute metabolic effects of differential dietary fatty acids on the activation of the PDH complex (PDHa activity) ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the efficacy of exercise training as a means of insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) treatment is dependent on the PC-1 gene K121Q variants. A population of 84 abdominally obese Korean women was analyzed prospectively. Before and after a 12-week exercise (walking) training ...

Two girls, aged 10 and 17 years, both with perinatally acquired HIV infection, participated in a 12-week, hospital-based exercise rehabilitation program of progressive resistance exercise training with an aerobic component. Weight, height, skin-fold thickness (4 sites), lean body and fat mass (assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and visceral adiposity (assessed ...

The effect of different concentrations of gum tragacanth on the textural characteristics of low-fat Iranian White cheese was studied during ripening. A batch of full-fat and 5 batches of low-fat Iranian White cheeses with different gum tragacanth concentrations (without gum or with 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 g of gum/kg ...

Advancing age is associated with changes in fat and carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism, which is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The effects of exercise intensity and duration on fat and CHO metabolism in elderly male subjects were investigated in the present study. Seven trained (63.7+/-4.7 years) and ...

This study was undertaken to investigate whether or not substrate selection during exercise is altered with participation in Ramadan, and whether or not this alteration is influenced by exercise intensity. Eight men (21-41 years) exercised on an electronically braked cycle ergometer at three 10-min workloads (45, 60 and 75% VO(2peak)): ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate metabolic effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) supplementation when combined with a program of regular aerobic exercise in overweight/obese post-menopausal women. METHODS: Thirty-eight overweight or obese postmenopausal women exercised at moderate intensity, viz. walking three times per week for 45 min at 75% of age-predicted maximum heart rate ...

BACKGROUND: Acute consumption of fat-free fluid milk after resistance exercise promotes a greater positive protein balance than does soy protein. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the long-term consequences of milk or soy protein or equivalent energy consumption on training-induced lean mass accretion. DESIGN: We recruited 56 healthy young men who ...

The acute in vitro and in vivo effects of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) on the regulation of adrenergic lipolysis were investigated in human adipose tissue. The effect of a 2 h incubation, without or with LCFA (200 mumol/l), on basal and hormonally induced lipolysis was tested in vitro on isolated ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether 6 months of exercise combined with isoflavone supplementation could improve clinical risk factors that predispose to cardiovascular disease in obese postmenopausal women. DESIGN: This was a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in which 50 healthy obese postmenopausal women were divided into two groups and assigned to isoflavone ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability and effects of mechanical vibration on body composition and mechanical properties of the arm in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). For this purpose, ten volunteers with thoracic SCI were recruited. Measurements were performed before and after a period of ...

PURPOSE: It is believed spot reduction, the exercise-induced localized loss of subcutaneous fat, does not occur as a result of an exercise program; however, evidence as a whole has been inconsistent. To reexamine this concept, we compared subcutaneous fat measurements before and after resistance training among 104 subjects (45 men, ...

OBJECTIVE: Increased physical activity is important given the concern over the growing rates of obesity. The aim of this study is to conduct a controlled investigation of the effects of bright light therapy and exercise on weight loss and body composition in overweight and obese individuals. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: ...

OBJECTIVE: To measure the contribution of substrate oxidation to energy expenditure during cycling at different workloads and to identify the exercise intensity that elicits the maximum fat oxidation rate in groups of severely obese or nonobese Caucasian adolescents. DESIGN: A total of 30 severely obese subjects (mean body mass index, ...

OBJECTIVES: The effect of national exercise recommendations on adiposity is unknown and may differ by sex. We examined long-term effects of aerobic exercise on adiposity in women and men. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: This was a 12-month randomized, controlled clinical trial testing exercise effect on weight and body composition in ...

This study examined the concentrations and the relationships of soluble leptin receptor (sLR) and leptin levels among both physically active people and lean sedentary persons. Information collected for this study came from twelve joggers (JOG), ten weight trainers (WET) and eleven lean sedentary persons (CON). Regular exercisers were defined as ...

BACKGROUND: Regular exercise and consuming long-chain n-3 fatty acids (FAs) from fish or fish oil can independently improve cardiovascular and metabolic health, but combining these lifestyle modifications may be more effective than either treatment alone. OBJECTIVE: We examined the individual and combined effects of n-3 FA supplements and regular exercise ...

The patient was identified via family screening at the age of 3 years when very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency was diagnosed in his sister by newborn screening. Enzyme and molecular analyses confirmed VLCAD-deficiency (VLCADD). Until the age of 8 years no severe illnesses occurred and the patient was completely ...

Cholesterol lowering drugs are associated with myopathic side effects in 7% of those on therapy, which is reversible in most, but not all patients. This study tested the hypothesis that total body fat oxidation (TBFO) is reduced by statins in patients with genetic deficiencies in FO, determined by white blood ...

BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity may alter estrogen metabolism, a proposed biomarker of breast cancer risk, by shifting metabolism to favor production of 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1). Few studies, however, have examined this question using a randomized controlled trial. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training on 2-OHE1 ...

Several earlier studies were aimed at determining an exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax). However, these studies employed few different intensities or used exercise periods of too short a duration. All investigators described intensity with reference to maximal ergometric values, which might lead to metabolically inhomogeneous workloads between ...

Increases in exercise energy expenditure without compensatory changes in food intake (EX) and restriction of calorie intake (CR) both decrease body weight and fat mass, which, in turn, improve glucoregulatory function. However, EX may provide greater benefits than can be provided through CR. Therefore, our study hypothesis was that weight ...

The aim of the study was to examine local muscle metabolism in response to graded exercise when the involved muscle mass is too small to elicit marked hormonal changes and local blood flow restriction. Nine healthy overnight fasted male subjects performed knee extension exercise with both thighs kicking at 25% ...

PURPOSE: This study examined effects of prior resistance exercise on fat metabolism during subsequent submaximal exercise with different recovery periods between exercise bouts. METHODS: Ten male subjects performed three types of exercise regimens: 1) submaximal endurance exercise only (E), 2) submaximal endurance exercise with prior resistance exercise and 20 min ...

BACKGROUND: Impaired mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle is implicated in the development of insulin resistance. However, potential differences in fatness and fitness may influence previous results. METHODS: Subjects (n=18) were divided into insulin-sensitive (IS) and insulin-resistant (IR) groups by median glucose infusion rate during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Weight, VO2max ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha protein, encoded by the PPARGC1A gene, transcriptionally activates a complex pathway of lipid and glucose metabolism and is expressed primarily in tissues of high metabolic activity such as liver, heart and exercising oxidative skeletal muscle fibre. Ppargc1a-null mice develop systemic dyslipidaemia and ...

Patients with atrial repair for transposition of the great arteries and patients with congenitally corrected transposition have a right ventricle (RV) in the systemic position and they may develop RV dysfunction and exercise intolerance with advancing age. No data is available on the effect of carvedilol in patients with dysfunctional ...

The current obesity epidemic has intensified research on lifestyle interventions aimed at combating obesity and associated cardiovascular (CV) and metabolic risk. This clustering of risk factors with obesity is known as the “Metabolic Syndrome” (MS). There is now a large body of evidence detailing the ability of omega-3 fatty acids ...

The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, and atherogenic dyslipidemia and is a common basis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Although the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated, a practical definition is needed. A worldwide definition that considers increased waist circumference as an essential component has ...

Dietary restriction combined with endurance exercise training represents an effective strategy to promote weight loss and reduce fat mass in obese patients. Exercise programmes without dietary restriction are less efficient. However, addition of exercise to a dietary restriction programme does not induce a greater fat-mass loss than dietary restriction alone. ...

Exercise has well-recognized health benefits, including reduction in risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. However, the extent to which exercise influences energy regulation and facilitates a reduction in body fat is less clear. This review summarizes published studies on the effects of different amounts of exercise on ...

Postprandial lipaemia may lead to an increase in oxidative stress, inducing endothelial dysfunction. Exercise can slow gastric emptying rates, moderating postprandial lipaemia. The purpose of this study was to determine if moderate exercise, prior to fat ingestion, influences gastrointestinal transit, lipaemia, oxidative stress and arterial wall function. Eight apparently healthy ...

BACKGROUND: A single session of exercise has been reported to reduce fasting and postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations on the subsequent day. It is possible that exercise also reduces chylomicron particle number, which may underlie the observed reduction in postprandial triacylglycerol concentration. In the present study we aimed to determine whether a ...

The Bahadori Leanness Program (BLP) is a multi-step strategy for weight control, the most innovative feature of which is "mini-fast with exercise" - every 24h includes a fast of 12-14 h duration within which is nested a session of aerobic exercise. Low-fat, low-glycemic-index foods choices help to insure that diurnal ...

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of acute dairy calcium intake on exercise energy metabolism and endurance performance. Trained female runners completed two trials. Each trial consisted of a 90-min glycogen depletion run followed by a self-paced 10K time trial, conducted one hour after consumption of ...

AIM: It has been suggested, that water exercise is less effective than weight-bearing exercise on land for body fat reduction. METHODS: To test this hypothesis 38 middle-aged obese women (25-47% body fat) participated in a 13 week exercise-diet program to compare the effects of aerobic exercise in water versus walking ...

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accruing effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation and aerobic exercise (Ex) on body composition and serum lipid profile in humans. METHODS: Forty-four healthy female young subjects were divided ExCLA, CLA, Ex and control (C) groups. The groups of CLA ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Ramadan fasting on substrate oxidation in trained athletes during moderate-intensity exercise. METHODS: Nine trained men (age: 19+/-2 yr, Height: 1.78+/-0.74 m) were tested on three occasions: during a control period immediately before Ramadan (C), at the end of ...

We undertook this study to investigate the association of a genetic polymorphism of the insulin-like growth factor, IGF-I(189), on body composition, exercise performance and exercise economy, after controlling for the independent effect of race as assessed by African genetic admixture (AFADM). A total of 114 premenopausal sedentary women were genotyped ...

The aim of the study was to use the meta-analytic approach to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on C-reactive protein (CRP) in adults. Secondary outcomes included changes in body weight in kilograms, percentage of body fat, and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) in mL kg(-1) min(-1). Studies were retrieved using ...

BACKGROUND: Cystatin C (CysC) is an endogenous marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that is claimed to be unaffected by body composition. In this study, we tested this speculation. METHODS: In 77 patients with chronic kidney disease (mean age, 65.1 +/- 11.9 [SD] years; mean indexed GFR, 45.7 +/- 28.6 ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The increase in obesity in developed societies drives interest in the interplay of energy intake, metabolic energy expenditure, and body energy stores. A better understanding of energy management in physically active and undernourished humans should help guide strategies to manage obesity safely and effectively. This review focuses ...

Fat balance is an important determinant of energy balance. Exercise after an overnight fast can significantly increase fat oxidation; however, little information pertaining to the effects of exercise and meal glycemic index on fat oxidation under these conditions is available. The objective of this investigation was to study the acute ...

Ambiguous findings have been reported in previous studies concerning the relationships between resting metabolic rate (RMR), effects of exercise, and race in postmenopausal women. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the effect of exercise training on RMR in postmenopausal women and (2) to determine whether this effect ...

The aim of the present study was to examine the differences in fat oxidation between endurance trained (ET) and untrained (UT) women. Eight ET and nine UT women performed a progressive cycle ergometer test until exhaustion. The rate of fat oxidation was similar at low work rates (<or=90 W) but ...

BACKGROUND: Current findings suggest that more attention needs to be given to the increase in body mass achieved by disabled populations, especially by individuals with mental retardation, to minimize long-term negative health consequences. Accordingly, it would be of interest to design adequate strategies based on physical activities that may be ...