ABSTRACT: Regular and prolonged exercise is associated with increased left ventricular wall thickness that can overlap with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Differentiating physiological from pathological hypertrophy has important implications, since HCM is the commonest cause of exercise-related sudden cardiac death in young individuals. Most deaths have been reported in intermittent 'start-stop' ...

Abstract BACKGROUND:The responses of oxygen uptake efficiency (i.e. oxygen uptake/ventilation =$$\stackrel{.}{\mathrm{V}}$$O(2)/$$\stackrel{.}{\mathrm{V}}$$E) and its highest plateau (OUEP) during incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in patients with chronic left heart failure (HF) have not been previously reported. We planned to test the hypothesis that OUEP during CPET is the best single predictor ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: One of the toughest tasks in any profession is the deliverance of death notification. Marathon Death is an exercise conducted during the fourth year of medical school in northern Sweden to prepare students for this responsibility. The exercise is designed to enable students to gain insight into the ...

The paper deals with the sudden cardiac death during training in male athletes in Croatia. The data are a part of a retrospective study dealing with 67 sudden death due to physical activity in men in Croatia during 25 years: from January 1, 1986 to December 31, 2010. Two of ...

Treadmill exercise capacity in resting metabolic equivalents (METs) and stress hemodynamic, electrocardiographic (ECG) and myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) responses are independently predictive of adverse clinical events. However, limited data exist for arm ergometer stress testing (AXT) in patients who cannot perform leg exercise because of lower extremity disabilities. We sought ...

Resistance exercise increases heme synthesis in the bone marrow, but it does not improve the hemoglobin status in severe iron-deficient rats on a diet containing less than 5 mg iron/kg. The current study investigated whether resistance exercise could mitigate hemoglobin status via increasing heme synthesis in moderately iron-deficient rats. Male 4-week-old ...

Osteoporosis is a chronic disorder of the skeleton causing increased bone fragility and fractures. In the second of our 3-part series, we discuss the beneficial effects of nonpharmacologic agents in the management of osteoporosis. We review the evidence supporting the use of exercise, whole-body vibration, hip protectors, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, ...

: The period of early recovery after exercise is characterized by a rapid payback of the oxygen debt incurred during exercise. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the oxygen consumption (V˙O2) decline during the first minute of recovery after exercise will be faster in children ...

Chronic alcohol consumption may be deleterious for bone tissue depending on the amount of ethanol consumed, whereas physical activity has positive effects on bone. This study was designed to analyze the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on bone in trained rats. 48 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: ...

Targeted exercise training could reduce risk factors for fracture and obesity-related diseases that increase from breast cancer treatment, but has not been sufficiently tested. We hypothesized that progressive, moderate-intensity resistance + impact training would increase or maintain hip and spine bone mass, lean mass and fat mass and reduce bone ...

Osteocytes are recognized as having a pivotal role in bone tissue homeostasis, and stimuli that increase osteocyte death result in decreased bone tissue quality. Previous in vitro studies have shown that mechanical stimulation prevents osteocyte death; however, in vivo evidence of this protective effect is limited. The aim of this ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of resistance training on the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and bone biomechanical properties in ovariectomized and intact rats. Forty-eight female rats were divided into two distinct groups, ovariectomized (OVX) and intact (Int), which were subdivided into three similar subgroups: ...

Patients frequently inquire about exercise as a means to improve bone strength and reduce osteoporotic fracture. Understanding the biologic mechanisms and the available clinical evidence supporting the role of exercise in bone health is the key to an educated discussion. Exercise downregulates sclerostin expression by the osteocyte favoring osteoblastogenesis. These ...

Hip fracture affects more than 1.6 million persons worldwide and causes substantial changes in body composition, function, and strength. Usual care (UC) has not successfully restored function to most patients, and prior research has not identified an effective restorative program. Our objective was to determine whether a yearlong home-based exercise ...

This study compared the effects of a resistance training protocol and a moderate-impact aerobic training protocol on bone mineral density (BMD), physical ability, serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) levels. Seventy-one older women were randomly assigned to resistance exercise (RE), aerobic exercise (AE) ...

In animal studies, bone adaptation has been initiated successfully without the transient force spike associated with high impact exercises. Consequently, a 12-week bilateral hopping on the balls of the feet intervention was conducted. 25 elderly men (age 72(SD4) years, height 171(6) cm, weight 75(9) kg) were randomly assigned into exercise ...

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in both bone and cartilage physiology and play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. The present study investigated the effect of running exercise on bone and cartilage in heterozygous manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2)-deficient mice. It was hypothesized that exercise ...

Osteoporosis-related fractures represent a major health concern, particularly in elderly populations. Direct and indirect costs (amounting to nearly $17 billion in 2005), increased morbidity, and loss of independence place substantial burden on the health care system. Observational studies have shown that a physically active lifestyle is associated with a 30% ...

Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) and food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) are rare but potentially life-threatening clinical syndromes in which association with exercise is crucial. The range of triggering physical activities is broad, including as mild an effort as a stroll. EIA is not fully repeatable (ie, the same exercise may not always ...

A reference set of data of normal values of newly developed cardiopulmonary parameters of exercise testing in an 8-18-year-old population is lacking. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed in 175 healthy school children (8-18 years old). Continuous electrocardiography was performed, and minute ventilation, oxygen uptake (VO2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) production ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of exercise on angiogenesis during bone defect healing in mice. We evaluated angiogenesis during cranial bone defect healing by intravital fluorescence microscopy (IVM) at days 0-21. To characterize the type of bone repair, we performed additional histomorphometric analyses at ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Different conditions may alter tendon characteristics. Clinical evidence suggests that tendon injuries are more frequent in athletes that change type, intensity and duration of training. Aim of the study was the assessment of training and especially detraining on the patellar tendon (PT) and its enthesis. METHODS: 27 male ...

Exercise training has been reported to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and postmenopausal women. We hypothesized that treadmill training inhibited adipogenesis and enhanced osteogenesis through the regulation of adipocyte differentiation factor peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the osteogenic factor runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in a model ...

The role of exercise in promoting bone health is typically attributed to increased mechanical loading, which induces functional adaptation. Recent evidence suggests that habitual aerobic exercise has influence at the cellular level as well. The effect of aerobic capacity on osteoblast-lineage cell differentiation and function as well as skeletal phenotype ...

Context: Exercise and calcium-vitamin D are independently recognized as important strategies to prevent osteoporosis, but their combined effects on bone strength and its determinants remain uncertain. Objective: To assess whether calcium-vitamin D3 fortified milk could enhance the effects of exercise on bone strength, structure, and mineral density in middle-aged and ...

The aim of this study was to examine and compare the effects of different resistance training protocols on bone marker concentrations in older men. Thirty-seven healthy older male subjects were assigned to one of three groups: high-intensity resistance training (HI-RT, age = 57.5 ± 0.8); low-intensity resistance training with vascular restriction (LI-VRT, age = 59.9 ± 1.0); and ...

Data from several previous studies examining heart-rate and cardiovascular risk have hinted at a possible relationship between heart-rate and non-cardiac mortality. We thus systematically examined the predictive value of heart-rate variables on the subsequent risk of death from cancer. In the Paris Prospective Study I, 6101 asymptomatic French working men ...

Spaceflight leads to muscle and bone atrophy, and isoinertial (free-weight) exercises provide a sufficient stimulus to elicit increases in both muscle strength and bone mineral density in earth-based studies. Therefore, a computer controlled resistance exercise device is being developed for NASA that is able to simulate the inertial loading experienced ...

Fatigue is one of the most frequent symptoms experienced by children with cancer during treatment. Effective management of fatigue is essential for improving children's quality of life. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of a home-based aerobic exercise intervention to reduce fatigue in children with acute ...

Objective: To observe the association of osteoporotic fracture with habits of smoking, alcohol consumption, tea consumption and exercise among very old people. Design and setting: A cross-sectional study conducted in Dujiangyan Sichuan China. Participants: 703 unrelated Chinese nonagenarians and centenarians (67.76% women, mean age 93.48 years) resident in Dujiangyan. Measurements: ...

Previous studies have demonstrated that microvolt T-wave alternans (TWA) screening in patients with ischaemic and dilated cardiomyopathy is effective in identifying patients at high or low risk of sudden cardiac death. It remains unclear which percentage of potential recipients of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) are able to perform TWA ...

Pre- and early-puberty may be the most opportune time to strengthen the female skeleton, but there is little longitudinal data to support this claim. Competitive female pre-menarcheal ('PRE/PERI', n=13) and post-menarcheal ([POST], n=32) tennis players aged 10-17 years were followed over 12 months. The osteogenic response to loading was studied ...

Abstract Objective: Raman spectroscopy was employed to evaluate the effect of different swimming intensities on femoral bone composition in an animal model. Background Data: Intense swimming exercise may affect bone mineralization, and Raman technique has been shown to be effective in evaluating tissue composition (phosphate minerals and carbonate apatites - ...

We compared the effects of exercise intensity (EI) on bone metabolism during and for 4 days after acute, weight-bearing endurance exercise. Ten males [mean ± SD maximum oxygen uptake (Vo(2max)): 56.2 ± 8.1 ml·min(-1)·kg(-1)] completed three counterbalanced 8-day trials. Following three control days, on day 4, subjects completed 60 min ...

The mechanisms underlying adverse electro-mechanical interaction after tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair remain unclear. This study investigated biventricular dyssynchrony in children with TOF and its relationship to exercise, QRS duration (QRSd) and ventricular mechanics. 29 asymptomatic children (5-18 years) with repaired TOF were prospectively evaluated by MRI, cardiopulmonary exercise testing ...

A teenager aged 17 was a professional soccer player, and was without symptoms. He died suddenly during physical exercise at the field. All reanimation efforts were unsuccessfull. At the forensic autopsy he had suppurative bacterial tonsillitis, subacute diffuse myopericarditis and narrowing of the ascending aorta of 10 mm. In Croatia ...

Physical exercise is advised as a preventive and therapeutic strategy against aging-induced bone weakness. In this study we examined the effects of 8-month multicomponent training with weight-bearing exercises on different risk factors of falling, including muscle strength, balance, agility, and bone mineral density (BMD) in older women. Participants were randomly ...

A collaboration of the EURADOS working group on 'Internal Dosimetry' and the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR) has taken place to carry out an intercomparison on measurements and Monte Carlo modelling determining americium deposited in the bone of a USTUR leg phantom. Preliminary results and conclusions of this ...

The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that in obese children: 1) hypocaloric diet (D) improves both heart rate recovery at 1 min (Δ HRR1) cfter an exercise test, and cardiac autonomic nervous system activity (CANSA) in obese children; 2) Diet and exercise training (DET) combined leads ...

We assessed relative bone mineral content (BMC) in normal-weight (BMI < 85th percentile), overweight (BMI ≥ 85th---< 95th percentile), and obese (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) adolescents and evaluated the impact of nonweight bearing stationary cycle exercise training in a subset of obese participants. Obese and overweight adolescents had higher (p ...

Standard methods for determination of cardiac output (CO) are either invasive or technically demanding. Measurement of CO by the inert gas-rebreathing (IGR) method, applied successfully in adults, uses a low-concentration mixture of an inert and a blood-soluble gas, respectively. This study tested the feasibility of this method for determining CO ...

To assess the relationship between 6-min walk test (6MWT) distance and variables of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Retrospective study. Tertiary hospital. Children with PAH. CPETs and 6MWTs. Correlations between variables of CPET and 6MWT distance. 41 exercise studies were included: 15 in children ...

To assess the effects of two groups of exercise routines on cardiovascular disease risk markers. An intervention study was conducted with 319 Mexican school-aged children in which routines were implemented Monday through Friday for 12 weeks. Routine A was the reference group, with 20 min of less intense activity and ...

SUMMARY RATIONALE: Asthma therapy should be stepped up or stepped down in response to changes in asthma control. However, there is little evidence available on the optimal timing, sequence, and degree of medication reductions. In this study we analyzed clinically stable asthmatic children who underwent a medication reduction from a ...

Both genetic and lifestyle factors have been shown to influence bone mineral density (BMD). We investigated the correlations between BMD and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) A1330V (rs3736228) polymorphism, exercise, smoking, and alcohol intake in Japanese male workers. The subjects were 829 male employees (aged 20-59 years) of a large-scale integrated ...

The presentation of wheat dependent exercise induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) can be variable. A high index of clinical suspicion is required to initiate the investigation pathway. Double blind placebo controlled food-exercise challenge is the gold standard investigation but the practicality of this test limits its application. To critically analyse the symptoms ...

Children with major anatomical congenital anomalies (CA) often need prolonged hospitalization with surgical interventions in the neonatal period and thereafter. Better intensive care treatment has reduced mortality rates, but at the cost of more morbidity. To study motor-function and exercise capacity in five-year-old children born with CA, and to determine ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this review is to challenge the current opinions of the pathophysiological mechanisms that give rise to food dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) and to consider these mechanisms within the wider context of exercise physiology to further inform our understanding and treatment of this condition. RECENT ...

We investigated if 12 min of high-intensity exercise performed within a regular school break lead to an increase in cortisol levels in primary school students. 53 students of a 4th grade (9-10 years of age) were randomly assigned to an experimental (EG) and a control group (CG). Saliva collection took ...

Raised blood pressure (BP) response during exercise independently predicts future hypertension. Subjects with higher BP in childhood also have elevated BP later in life. Therefore, the factors related to the regulation of exercise BP in children needs to be well understood. We hypothesized that physiological cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors ...