The objective of this study was to evaluate exercise capacity in children and adolescents diagnosed with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). We examined 20 patients (12 girls and 8 boys; mean age 14.9 +/- 3.7 years) diagnosed with CFS. Exercise capacity was measured using a maximal exercise test on a bicycle ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week aerobic-exercise training program on ventilatory threshold and ventilatory efficiency in overweight children. Twenty overweight children (BMI > 85th percentile) performed a graded cycle exercise test at baseline and were then randomly assigned to 8 weeks of stationary ...

Ingesting certain foods sometimes triggers anaphylaxis when followed by exercise (food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis, FDEIA). Specific food-induced mucocutaneous urticaria may also progress to anaphylaxis (oral allergy syndrome, OAS). A positive skin test and/or radioallergosorbent test (RAST) to the foods suggest involvement of immunoglobulin (Ig)E-anaphylaxis in both disorders. The triggering foods and ...

The current studies aimed at determining physical fitness indices and anthropometrics profiles of school children with sickle cell trait (SCT) and sickle cell disease (SCD). Male school children (150) comprising 3 Groups participated in the studies. Group 1 has 50 normal healthy controls, while Groups 2 and 3 each has ...

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on childhood PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Fifteen participants, ages 14 to 17, who met DSM-IV Criteria for PTSD were recruited from an all female residential treatment center Participants engaged in an aerobic exercise program for 40 ...

Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) [(S)-(--)-10-acetoxy-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-5-carboxamide], formerly known as BIA 2-093, is a novel central nervous system (CNS)-active compound with anticonvulsant activity. It behaves as a voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) blocker and is currently under clinical development for the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. ESL shares with carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine the ...

OBJECTIVE: To study in children with achondroplasia the response to exercise and muscle strength compared with healthy peers and to describe the relation between exercise capacity, anthropometric factors, and physical activity. STUDY DESIGN: Patients (7 boys and 10 girls; mean age, 11.8 +/- 3.3 years) with achondroplasia performed a maximal ...

Endemic goitre is a primary pathology of thyroid gland and critical medico social problem in many countries. A dominant cause of endemic goitre is iodine deficiency. However, besides primary iodine deficiency, the goitre may probably develop due to effects of other bioelement imbalances, essential to thyroid function maintenance. Here we ...

The link between good nutrition, exercise and health is well established, but many people in the U.K. still do not follow the nationally recommended guidelines for either nutrition or exercise. The problem affects children and young people as well as adults and puts them at risk of several chronic diseases ...

PURPOSE: Physiotherapists commonly use static weight-bearing exercises in children with cerebral palsy, which are believed to stimulate antigravity muscle strength, prevent hip dislocation, improve bone mineral density, improve self-esteem, improve feeding, assist bowel and urinary functions, reduce spasticity, and improve hand function. The effectiveness of these exercises has not been ...

Severe burns are associated with a significant loss of muscle and strength. Studies have reported that oxandrolone improves lean body mass in muscle-wasting conditions. Also shown previously in burned children is that an exercise program increases lean body mass and muscle strength. We hypothesized that oxandrolone, in combination with exercise, ...

To determine whether regular aerobic exercise improves symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing in overweight children, as has been shown in adults. Healthy but overweight (BMI > or =85th percentile) 7- to 11-year-old children were recruited from public schools for a randomized controlled trial of exercise effects on diabetes risk. One hundred ...

BACKGROUND: Exercise can alter health in children in both beneficial (eg reduced long-term risk of atherosclerosis) and adverse (eg exercise-induced asthma) ways. The mechanisms linking exercise and health are not known, but may rest, partly, on the ability of exercise to increase circulating immune cells. Little is known about the ...

We present two cases of a 12-year-old Japanese boy and a 14-year-old Japanese girl who had exercise-induced acute renal failure (ARF). They experienced general fatigue, nausea/vomiting, and vague discomfort in the abdomen after physical exercise at school. In case of the boy, abdominal pain subsided, but renal dysfunction lasted 17 ...

Although it is recommended and common practise for adults with respiratory disease to rate symptoms (e.g., dyspnea and/or leg discomfort) during exercise testing, there are no reports on whether children can rate their perception of breathlessness during exercise. Our aims were to evaluate the ability of children and young adults ...

AIM: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of a maximal treadmill exercise test on percent body fat (%BF) in children using leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis (LBIA) (Tanita Model #TBF-300A). METHODS: Fifty-four children (24 females; 30 males) between 7-10 years of age participated in this study. LBIA ...

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) seems to play an important pathophysiologic role in modulating the systemic changes associated with anaphylaxis. Even if some effects of NO may be protective, animal models of anaphylaxis have shown that the summation effects of NO are deleterious, resulting in hypotension and loss of intravascular volume. ...

Exercise induced rhabdomyolysis is a complication of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) and mitochondrial trifunctional protein (TFP) deficiency that frequently leads to exercise avoidance. Dietary therapy for most subjects includes medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) supplementation but analysis of diet records indicates that the majority of patients consume oral MCT only with breakfast ...

OBJECTIVE: To 1) assess the safety and feasibility of laboratory-based exercise testing in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), 2) test the safety and feasibility of a 3-month exercise program in JIA, 3) assess pain during exercise in JIA, 4) compare ratings of perceived effort (RPE) with heart rate (HR) achieved, and ...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The transanal endorectal pull-through technique (TERPT) for Hirschsprung's disease (HD) exercises considerable traction on the anorectal tissue during dissection. So the question arises as to whether TERPT impairs the integrity of the anorectal sphincter. Computerised 8-channel vector manometry allows a segmental, 360 degrees analysis of muscular defects along the ...

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma is incompletely understood, and the role of chemokines has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the involvement of the CC chemokines eotaxin, regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), and the CXC chemokine interferon-gamma-inducible protein ...

After a successful Fontan procedure, children and adolescents should improve their exercise capacity. However, several studies have shown that these children have a reduced maximal oxygen consumption compared with healthy children. The lower exercise performance in these patients was mainly explained by a reduced cardiorespiratory functional capacity. However, it has ...

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have difficulty controlling and coordinating voluntary muscle, which results in poor selective control of muscle activity. Children with spastic CP completed ankle selective motor control exercises using a virtual reality (VR) exercise system and conventional (Conv) exercises. Ankle movements were recorded with an electrogoniometer. Children ...

The bronchomotor effects of a deep inhalation (DI) may provide relevant information about the mechanisms of exercise-induced airway obstruction in children and may be assessed by respiratory conductance (Grs) measured using the forced oscillation technique. The aims of the present study were to assess the effect of DI on Grs ...

The interrupter technique is a noninvasive method for measuring air-flow resistance during tidal breathing. This method requires minimal cooperation, and is therefore promising for use in uncooperative children. The aim of this study was to evaluate applicability interrupter resistance (Rint) measurements in the assessment of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). Fifty children ...

PURPOSE: To describe the influence of caffeine on physiological responses to exercise in young children and determine whether sex differences in these responses exist. METHODS: Twenty-six healthy 7- to 9-yr-old boys and 26 healthy 7- to 9-yr-old girls volunteered to participate in a double-blind, randomized, double crossover study design. Each ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of regular submaximal exercise on quality of life, exercise capacity and pulmonary function in asthmatic children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-two children with mild-moderate asthma (mean age 10.4 (SD 2.1) years) were randomly allocated into exercise and control groups. The exercise group underwent a moderately intensive ...

In children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), altered adaptive responses to exercise (secretion of growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, and glucoregulatory mediators) may have potential implications in growth and development, early onset of disease complications, and incidence of hypoglycemia. We therefore measured a broad spectrum of exercise responses in 12 children ...

OBJECTIVES: The Ross procedure is increasingly utilized in the treatment of aortic valvar disease in children and adolescents. Our purpose was to compare pre- and post-operative exercise state in this population. METHODS: We included patients who underwent the Ross procedure at our institution between January, 1995, and December, 2003, and ...

The aim of this study was to investigate exercise tolerance and physical activity levels in children with exogenous obesity. Measures included BMI, waist circumference, exercise tolerance and self reported physical activity. Exercise tolerance was measured by the Modified Balke Treadmill Protocol and results were compared to normal values. Physical activity ...

We assessed expiratory airflow limitation (exp FL) in 18 healthy prepubescent children (6 girls and 12 boys, 10.1 +/- 0.3 years old), and examined how it might modulate regulation of tidal volume (V(T)) during exercise. The children performed a maximal incremental exercise on a cycle ergometer, preceded and followed by ...

INTRODUCTION: Severe burns result in skeletal muscle catabolism and weakness, which is worsened by prolonged physical inactivity. Exercise would be an ideal tool in the rehabilitation of burned children. However, it has been postulated that burned children may have an excessive rise in body temperature during exercise compared to non-burned ...

BACKGROUND: Children with haemophilia have lower levels of fitness and strength than their healthy peers. We present the protocol of a study designed to determine whether an exercise intervention improves quality of life, aerobic fitness and strength in children with haemophilia. METHODS/DESIGN: The study will be a randomised, assessor-blinded, controlled ...

Children are able to resist fatigue better than adults during one or several repeated high-intensity exercise bouts. This finding has been reported by measuring mechanical force or power output profiles during sustained isometric maximal contractions or repeated bouts of high-intensity dynamic exercises. The ability of children to better maintain performance ...

PURPOSE: To analyse possible changes in the severity and distribution of dental caries within the dentition in five groups of 4-year-old children examined with the same methods and criteria between 1980 and 2002. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material consisted of retrospective caries recordings from cross-sectional studies performed in 1980, 1987, ...

Exercise activity is an important part of daily life for both healthy children and children with respiratory diseases. Overall fitness level and responses to exercise can be assessed through cardiopulmonary exercise tests (using a treadmill or a cycloergometer). In asthmatic children exercise tests are useful to diagnose exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, which ...

Exercise for children with cerebral palsy (CP) is gaining popularity among pediatric physical therapists as an intervention choice. Exercise in water appeals to children with CP because of the unique quality of buoyancy of water that reduces joint loading and impact, and decreases the negative influences of poor balance and ...

A systematic review to determine if exercise alone or as part of a comprehensive intervention can improve self esteem in children and young people is described. Twenty three randomised controlled trials were analysed. A synthesis of several small, low quality trials indicates that exercise may have short term beneficial effects ...

This study assessed the exercise tolerance and the cardiorespiratory responses to a training program by the six-minute walk test (6'WT) in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Seventeen cardiac and 14 healthy children performed maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and 6'WT. Reliability of 6'WT was assessed in all subjects (test-retest) ...

AIM: To review exercise performance and exercise habits in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Physical exercise and physical activity has shown beneficial effects on the physical, psychological and social level in adult patients with cardiovascular disease. Favourable effects have also been documented in children with CHD. ...

OBJECTIVE: This study intended to identify pulmonary and exercise-related effects of chronic lung disease of infancy (CLD) versus prematurity (PRE) without CLD in children 5 to 7 years old who were born prematurely (24-30 weeks of gestation) with very low and extremely low birthweight of 500 to 1500 g (VLBW, ...

BACKGROUND: Adolescents with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) seen in specialist centres have substantial psychological and functional impairment. Beliefs about activity levels may be important in the development of CFS. METHOD: The aim was to investigate psychological and functional impairment, and beliefs in children and adolescents with CFS recruited from non-specialist ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-term effects of exercise on muscle inflammation in children with juvenile dermatomyositis (juvenile DM). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), muscle strength, and blood parameters were used as outcome measures. METHODS: Children with active juvenile DM, inactive juvenile DM, and healthy children were assessed for muscle strength (using ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the physiologic response of the 6-minute walk test (6-mwt) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). METHODS: Eighteen children with JIA (age 7-17 years; 6 boys, 12 girls) performed a 6-mwt and a maximal exercise test. RESULTS: The physiologic response of the 6-mwt was on average between ...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of children randomized to surgery or balloon angioplasty (BA) for native coarctation (CoA). A prior randomized, short-term comparison of BA and surgery for native CoA in 36 children demonstrated equivalent relief of obstruction. The risk of aneurysm formation ...

Since the number of wheat-allergic patients has been increasing in recent years, less allergenic wheat varieties are socially demanded. The aim of this study was to primarily screen 324 varieties of wheat picked up from various parts of the world. Prior to the screening, the inhibition ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) ...

BACKGROUND: Multiple Acyl-CoA-Dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by impaired oxidation of fatty acids and some amino acids. METHODS: We were interested whether children with MADD could tolerate a prolonged low-intensity exercise test and if this test could have any additional diagnostic value. Therefore, we performed a ...

American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines recommend to refrain from spirometry or exercise before measuring fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) because forced breathing maneuvers might influence FENO values. However the few studies already reported in children have given conflicting results. The aim of the study was to observe to what extent ...

PURPOSE: This investigation examined concurrent validity of the Children's OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale (OMNI-RES) of perceived exertion for 10- to 14-yr-old females (N = 25) and males (N = 25) performing unilateral biceps curl (BC) and knee extension (KE) isotonic exercises. METHODS: The criterion variable was total weight lifted (Wt(tot)), determined ...

A Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) that was able to quantify 6 item sets (including subsets of heterogeneous groups, e.g., blue blocks within groupings of blue and green blocks and balls) using English labels (I. M. Pepperberg, 1994a) was tested on comprehension of these labels, which is crucial for numerical competence ...