The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a physical exercise test and of voluntary hyperventilation between controls and children with absence epilepsy. Eighteen children (6 controls and 12 epileptics) were studied during rest (R), a maximal physical exercise test (15 min; PE), recovery (REC) and voluntary ...

This pilot study investigates the effects of aquatic therapeutic exercise on lower-extremity range of motion, gait, balance, and functional mobility in children with juvenile arthritis. Eleven patients, aged 4-13, with lower-extremity joint involvement, diagnosed as functional class I-III, completed a 6-week program of aquatic exercise aimed at increasing lower-extremity range ...

A non-invasive exercise method was used to look for myocardial damage in apparently normal children who had received moderate doses of anthracyclines for treatment of cancer. 19 children (mean [SD] age 10.6 [4.3] years) who had received anthracyclines (mean total dose 230 [119] mg/m2) and 10 who had received other ...

The aim of this study was to determine biological responses in Down's syndrome subjects for an incremental exercise lasting 10 min. After a training programme specially adapted for children and adolescents with mental handicaps, 11 healthy Down's syndrome subjects, seven boys and four girls aged from 15 to 20 years, ...

To test the hypothesis that ventilatory responses to exercise mature during growth in healthy children, we examined CO2 production (VCO2) and minute ventilation (VE) before, during, and for 10 min after 1-min bursts of cycle ergometry exercise. Ten children (range: 7-11 y old) and 13 adults (26-42 y old) exercised ...

We hypothesized that the O2 uptake (Vo2) response to high-intensity exercise would be different in children than in adults. To test this hypothesis, 22 children (6-12 yr old) and 7 adults (27-40 yr old) performed 6 min of constant-work-rate cycle-ergometer exercise. Sixteen children performed a single test above their anaerobic ...

The number of diagnostic modalities available to the pediatric cardiologist continues to escalate. However, with so many choices, it is often difficult to know what test is most efficacious in a given situation or how often to repeat it. This review summarizes the data from several exercise studies published within ...

Selenium (Se) deficiency is associated with cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Twenty well children aged 2-16 years (10 male) attending the Phenylketonuria (PKU) Clinic at the Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, had low Se levels (mean 0.29 +/- 0.02 s.e.m. mumol/L; normal range 0.56-1.16 mumol/L). Their myocardial function was assessed at ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of heart rate (fc) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) as indices of exercise intensity in a group of children while swimming. Six healthy male swimmers, aged 10-12, swam tethered using the breast-stroke in a flume. The resistance started at ...

Pre- and postoperative exercise tests were performed on 12 children with severe congenital heart disease (CHD) (age, 4-12 years). Oxygen uptake, blood pressure, and heart rate responses to exercise were measured. Exercise test time and the tolerable speed of the treadmill increased significantly after the operation. When pre- and postoperative ...

The role of exercise in children and adolescents has been discussed, including consideration of conditioning and training guidelines for this age group. Training should be sport-specific, with any conditioning program specifically emphasizing the energy systems used by the particular sport. The effect of exercise on growth and development and subsequent ...

Five patients with exercise-induced anaphylactoid reactions are reported. Because of a growing interest in physical exercise and the severity of the symptoms it is important to recognize this condition, even though rare. All of our 5 patients had a history of urticaria and anaphylaxis in association with physical stress, but ...

The objective of this study was to assess whether eight hours of nightly tidal peritoneal dialysis (TPD) can provide uremia control equal that of CCPD/CAPD. A pilot study collected data from patients who volunteered to use TPD at home. Six children, ages 5 to 16, who required regular dialysis and ...

An attempt was made to determine: (i) the prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction among white and coloured schoolchildren in Cape Town; and (ii) the validity of an exercise test for the diagnosis of asthma in the general population. Children (698 white and 494 coloured) were randomly drawn from schools in the ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of correction of chronic anaemia on the physical performance and the cardiovascular response to effort in children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) maintained by haemodialysis. Seven patients (mean age 13.9 years) underwent triangular-type treadmill exercise testing before [haemoglobin (Hb) 6.3 ...

The pattern of usage of the VO2max, expressed as %VO2max during ordinary school days, with minute-by-minute heart rate recording, was studied in 106 boys and 83 girls, 6-16 yr of age divided into three age groups (6-8, 10-12, and 14-16 yr), living under economically deprived conditions in Colombia and classified ...

Nine children who had undergone total correction of tetralogy of Fallot were studied with the purpose of observing the physical changes that might be produced by a period of rehabilitation in hospital and comparing these results with those of a control group having the same pathology but which had not ...

Children with congenital heart defects often demonstrate a reduced capacity for exercise, even after surgical intervention. Forty subjects, with various heart defects, completed a 5-year study to evaluate the impact of a postoperative training program on their physical exercise capacity. All of the patients were significantly less active than their ...

Two children with exercise-induced tachycardia, one with idiopathic long-QT syndrome, are presented. The patients were evaluated by exercise testing and electrophysiologic study. From the onset of treatment with the beta-blocking agent, pindolol, the patients have been symptom-free. These findings emphasize that children with syncope must be evaluated by ECG, exercise ...

The dependence of bronchial reactivity to exercise on baseline lung function was studied in 84 asthmatic children aged 7-16 years. The percentage fall in PEF values after a standard exercise running test was 8.4 +/- 8.6% in the 39 children with an attack rate of less than 10 per year ...

Low-socioeconomic-status (SES) Black children have a higher mean blood pressure than most other groups. The antihypertensive effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise program were examined on 11 low-SES Black children, ages 8-12, who had blood pressure above the 95th percentile. A multiple baseline across three groups of children with baseline ...

Advances in intensive care medicine has made us more depend on infusion pumps to deliver accurate amounts of fluids to sick newborns, children and adults. When infusing rapid-acting critical drugs to patients, it is important not only to deliver accurate fluid-volume amounts over a specified time, but also to deliver ...

To test the hypothesis that obese children are unfit (i.e., have abnormal responses to exercise testing consistent with reduced levels of habitual physical activity), we used new analytic strategies in studies of 18 obese children performing cycle ergometry. The subject's weight (mean +/- SD) was 168 +/- 24% that predicted ...

The cardiorespiratory and metabolic response to exercise was evaluated in children with end-stage renal failure maintained on haemodialysis. Eight patients (haemodialysis group), 4 boys and 4 girls, with a mean age of 13.4 +/- 3.6 years (range 9.4-18.6 years) and haemoglobin levels ranging from 5.3 to 7.6 g/dl and 16 ...

To investigate the usefulness of a simplified Master's two step test (s-MTT) for preschool children aged 4-6, s-MTT was carried out in our pediatric cardiology clinic using a new stair and connector for joining the leads from each child to the ECG machine. The subjects were 21 children with Kawasaki ...

Fourteen children with pectus excavatum and 14 normal control patients underwent graded exercise testing using a cycle ergometer and the James protocol. All the subjects were preoperative. The children were exercised to exhaustion during the test. The pectus and control groups were broken down into subgroups consisting of subjects less ...

Healthy children evidence smaller values of cardiorespiratory function than adults, but these are in proportion to the smaller body size. At birth, the distribution of muscle fibres and the activity of enzymes in muscle are different from in adults, but these differences disappear at about age 6. On the other ...

The validity of the Sport Tester PE 3000 portable heart rate monitor for use with children was assessed by comparing readings with simultaneously recorded ECG heart rates in three studies, two using laboratory tasks and one in a field setting. Study 1 examined the validity of the Sport Tester with ...

The ability of the new generation H1-receptor antagonist, astemizole, to prevent histamine-induced airway obstruction and exercise-induced asthma (EIA) was studied in 20 children with asthma. The study was a randomised clinically controlled trial of oral astemizole versus placebo in a cross-over study. In each of the two treatment periods the ...

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of active exercise of the arms on various physiological, perceptual, and cognitive parameters of children with spina bifida manifesta who were aged 9 to 12 yr. Following a 5-min. rest interval, subjects were either not exercised (control days) for a ...

Twenty asthmatic children were studied in a double-blind within-patient comparative trial designed to assess the efficacy of nedocromil sodium (4 mg) and placebo in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. The response to exercise challenge given 30 minutes after treatment showed statistically significant differences in favor of nedocromil sodium. No unusual symptoms were reported.

A total of 257 healthy children (140 boys, 117 girls) varying in age from 5.7 to 18.5 years underwent graded exercise tests on a treadmill. Cardiorespiratory endurance capacity was assessed by determination of the ventilatory threshold, which was defined as the highest exercise intensity before a disproportionate increase occurred in ...

In two experiments maximal aerobic power (VO2max) calculated from maximal mechanical power (Wmax) was evaluated in 39 children aged 9-11 years. A maximal multi-stage cycle ergometer exercise test was used with an increase in work load every 3 min. In the first experiment oxygen consumption was measured in 18 children ...

The capability of children to respond to endurance training with increased aerobic capacity is unclear. Prepubertal subjects may require higher target heart rates than adults to increase VO2 max, and previous studies failing to demonstrate aerobic trainability in children may have involved inadequate exercise intensity. In this study, heart rates ...

Changes taking place in both Qi Gong Masters and their patients during Qi Gong treatment were evaluated using the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test. During the Qi Gong state, on the Qi-Gong Master's body, as well as the body of the patient being treated, acupuncture points CV5 (Shi Men) and CV6 (Qi ...

The effect of walking on peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of four asthmatic children is reported. Subjects 1 and 2 exercised three days per week and Subjects 3 and 4 exercised two days per week during this 9-mo. study. Subjects 1 and 3 exercised for 10 wk., did not exercise ...

Physiologic differences between children and adults during treadmill exercise have been defined principally utilizing male subjects. To determine whether these variations are valid in females, responses to treadmill testing to exhaustion in 18 premenarchal girls were compared with an equal number of young adult females (mean age 28.7 yr). Except ...

We examined the hypothesis that the peripheral chemoreceptors contribute a different degree of tone to respiration during exercise in normal young children as compared to adults. To improve resolution of the peripheral chemoreceptor contribution, the studies were conducted during controlled levels of exercise. Peripheral chemoreceptor function was assessed by the ...

The early recognition and appropriate management of EIB can allow children and adolescents to participate fully in physical activities and sport. The diagnosis by history of chest congestion, coughing, and decreasing performance with exercise is helpful but is aided by a more systematic questionnaire that can detect otherwise "normal" people ...

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study investigated the efficacy of nedocromil sodium in reducing bronchoconstriction subsequent to exercise challenge in asthmatic children. Twelve children aged 7-14 years (mean 10.8 years) were pretreated with nedocromil sodium aerosol (2 inhalations; 2 mg/inhalation) or matching placebo, 30 min prior to treadmill running. Lung function ...

The purpose of this study was to design, construct, and validate an alternative subject/instrument interface to collect metabolic data for individuals who, because of impairment, are unable to use a mouthpiece. An industrial designer directed the development of an interface design which would facilitate subject acceptance. A total of 13 ...

The variation in respiratory water loss (RWL) over time, expressed as the mass of water vapor lost per liter (body temperature and pressure, saturated) of ventilation (MH2O), was investigated in two groups: (1) children with exercise-induced asthma; and (2) healthy children. Children were matched for age and sex and went ...

Anaphylaxis, the most emergent manifestation of allergy, is best described by its clinicopathologic alterations. Sites of involvement include skin (urticaria), upper respiratory tract (laryngeal edema), lower respiratory tract (bronchospasm), and the cardiovascular system (severe hypotension). Ultrastructural analysis of skin biopsy specimens obtained from individuals experiencing exercise-induced anaphylaxis before and immediately ...

Six girls and two boys with cystic fibrosis (CF) 10-13.5 years of age (mean 11.5 years) participated in a prescribed exercise program on a mini-trampoline, maximum 109 min/week, during 8 weeks. The training consisted of three short bouts of trampoline exercise. The CF children were divided into two groups. The ...

The early recognition and appropriate management of EIB can allow children and adolescents to fully participate in physical activities and sports. The diagnosis by history of chest congestion, coughing, and decreasing performance with exercise is helpful but is aided by a more systematic questionnaire that can detect otherwise "normal" people ...

If trained to walk bipedally at a juvenile age and over periods of some months or years, Japanese monkeys gradually acquire a pronounced lordosis of the lumbar spine. This lordosis persists even in the 'normal', pronograde posture of these animals. It is due to a relative increase of the ventral ...

Thirty-five children (male 22, female 13) with congenital heart disease resulting in volume and pressure overload of the left ventricle were investigated echocardiographically during supine bicycle exercise. The children had to follow a test-protocol with increasing workload. Left ventricular function parameters were measured from M-mode-echocardiography, electrocardiography and phonocardiograms before, during ...

Exercise-induced gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is described in an athletic child with chronic abdominal pain and vomiting in conjunction with strenuous exercise. Although continuous 24-h pH probe monitoring was negative for GER, simultaneous pH probe and exercise stress testing (treadmill) showed a prolonged, continuous episode of acid reflux throughout exercise and ...

This study evaluated whether an important fall in middle ear pressure (MEP) was recordable several hours after swimming. MEPs were measured in 52 normal school children on an average of four occasions immediately before swimming and "control" exercise sessions, and were repeated four hours after the activity. Twenty-nine children swam ...

Recently, bromocriptine has been proposed as a novel agent for the treatment of excessively tall stature in adolescents. To further test its value, we treated nine boys, aged 10.0-15.4 yr, for 1 yr with bromocriptine (7.5 mg/day). A paradoxical plasma GH response to TRH was demonstrated in four of eight ...