This study was conducted to determine the effect of acute aerobic exercise on executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Forty children with ADHD were randomly assigned into exercise or control groups. Participants in the exercise group performed a moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 30 min, whereas ...

To assess the feasibility and efficacy of exercise-based behavioral therapy to treat urinary incontinence (UI) in older adults with Parkinson disease (PD). Participants with PD ≥50 years with ≥4 UI episodes on a 7-day bladder diary were recruited from movement disorders clinics. In 5 visits over 8 weeks, participants learned ...

Bartolini, JA, Brown, LE, Coburn, JW, Judelson, DA, Spiering, BA, Aguirre, NW, Carney, KR, and Harris, KB. Optimal elastic cord assistance for sprinting in collegiate women soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-Overspeed exercises are commonly integrated into a training program to help athletes perform at a speed ...

: The most widely studied candidate gene for endurance performance is the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene. The best endurance runners in the world hail from Kenya and Ethiopia, so the lack of association between the ACE gene and elite endurance athlete status we previously reported in Kenyans requires replication in ...

Summary.  In older men with haemophilia, arthropathy resulting from a lifetime of intra-articular bleeding contributes to the loss of independence and increased morbidity that occurs with age. A regular exercise programme that incorporates aerobics, strength training and balance and flexibility activities is a key component of successful ageing, helping to ...

: In people with stroke, range-of-motion (ROM) exercises may contribute to hemiparetic shoulder pain, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study examined scapular and humeral movement patterns in people with poststroke hemiparesis as they performed commonly prescribed ROM exercises. : Using kinematic techniques, we studied 13 people with hemiparesis, ...

This case study was conducted to evaluate the treatment and management of a patient presenting with medial elbow pain diagnosed as medial epicondylosis. A 35 year old male presented with medial elbow pain of 4-6 weeks duration that worsened after playing squash. A COURSE OF FASCIAL STRIPPING TECHNIQUES WAS INITIATED, ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an official Taekwondo competition on the heart rate (HR), salivary α-amylase (sA-A), salivary free cortisol (sC), and Profile of Mood States (POMS) in 10 young male (14±0 years) and six female (13±1 years) athletes. POMS and hormones were measured ...

There are a number of reasons why facilitating and participating in a mass fatality exercise may be viewed as continuous professional development for those ultimately engaged in the response to a mass fatality incident. These include, amongst other objectives; team integration, organization and preparedness, psychological and emotional effects, developing attitudes ...

Purpose. Effective delivery of dysphagia exercises requires intensive repetition, yet many brain injury survivors demonstrate difficulty adhering to home programmes. The Television Assisted Prompting (TAP) system provides a novel method to deliver intensive in-home therapy prompts. Specific research questions compared the effectiveness of the TAP system to typical practice on programme ...

The use of performance- and image-enhancing drugs/substances (PIED) outside elite sports appears to be increasing, although the current knowledge of the nature of PIED use among recreational athletes is scarce. The present study analyzed enquiries that were submitted to the Danish Anti Doping Agency (ADD) over an 18-month period, to ...

The present work quantifies, through principal components analysis (PCA) the relationships among the variability of breath-by-breath ventilatory parameters [minute-ventilation (VE), tidal volume (Vt), and respiratory rate (FR)] during a maximal progressive exercise test. The results show that the first and second eigenvalues of the covariant matrix contains almost 90% of ...

Sickle cell trait (SCT) can pose a grave risk for some athletes. In the past decade in NCAA Division I football, no deaths have occurred from the play or practice of the game, but 16 deaths have occurred from conditioning for the game, and 10 (63%) of these deaths are ...

Elbow dislocation in the athletic population is not an uncommon injury. The literature does not clearly establish treatment guidelines, with treatment being extrapolated from the experience in the general population. A short period of immobilization with early range of motion exercises limits disability and allows return to sports participation within ...

There is current debate on the appropriate type and extent of medical testing for amateur and hobby athletes before they engage in sports. In particular, views diverge on the value of an ECG at rest. We selectively searched the Medline and Embase databases for relevant publications that appeared from 1990 ...

Reticulocytes (Ret) are a key variable in the emerging concept of the athlete's biological passport and the longitudinal monitoring of biological parameters in the field of anti-doping. In this context, knowledge on the variability of Ret in athletes and the influence of exercise is necessary. The aim of the present ...

Hypohydration - if sufficiently severe - adversely affects athletic performance and poses a risk to health. Strength and power events are generally less affected than endurance events, but performance in team sports that involve repeated intense efforts will be impaired. Mild hypohydration is not harmful, but many athletes begin exercise ...

Due to the growing awareness of exercise-related arrhythmias and improved sensitivity of diagnostic modalities, physicians are increasingly faced with choices that may have life-changing impact for the athlete. This article surveys recent research and expert opinion addressing benign and pathogenic cardiac changes underlying arrhythmias in athletes.

To compare the aerobic exercise capacity and pulmonary function between athletes with and without type 1 diabetes. Fifty-one adult age-matched individuals were assessed in random order to the maximum volume of O(2) consumption (Vo(2 peak max)) (ml/kg/min), anaerobic threshold (ml/kg/min), peak pulmonary ventilation (Ve), heart rate (beats per min), time ...

Pulmonary transit of agitated contrast (PTAC) occurs to variable extents during exercise. We tested the hypothesis that the onset of PTAC signifies flow through larger-caliber vessels, resulting in improved pulmonary vascular reserve during exercise. Forty athletes and fifteen nonathletes performed maximal exercise with continuous echocardiographic Doppler measures [cardiac output (CO), ...

Respiratory symptoms in relationship to exercise, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and exercise-induced asthma (EIA) are very common in elite winter athletes. Symptom-based screening for BHR would facilitate selection of athletes with possible EIA. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of self-reported symptoms as predictors of ...

Iron is a trace mineral used by the body in many physiological processes that are essential for athletic performance. However, it is common that an athlete's iron stores are compromised via several well-established exercise-related mechanisms such as hemolysis, hematuria, sweating and gastrointestinal bleeding. Recently, however, a new mechanism for athletics-induced ...

Background There is increasing evidence to suggest many elite athletes fail to recognise and report symptoms of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), supporting the contention that athletes should be screened routinely for EIB. Purpose To screen elite British athletes for EIB using eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea (EVH). Methods 228 elite athletes provided written ...

To compare outcomes between aquatic and land-based exercises during early-phase recovery from acute lower extremity ligament injuries in elite athletes. A single-blinded, covariate adaptive randomized, controlled study. National training center for elite athletes. Twenty-two athletes with isolated grade I or II ligament injury in ankles or knees were randomized into ...

The large daily energy intake common among athletes can be associated with a large daily intake of fructose, a simple sugar that has been linked to metabolic disorders. Fructose commonly is found in foods and beverages as a natural component (e.g., in fruits) or as an added ingredient (as sucrose ...

In surface electromyography (sEMG), the distribution of motor unit potential (MUP) velocities has been shown to reflect the proportion of faster and slower propagating MUPs. This study investigated whether the distribution of MUP velocities could distinguish between sprinters (n=11) and endurance athletes (n=12) in not-specifically trained muscle (biceps brachii) during ...

Ice water immersion and contrast temperature water immersion therapy post exercise is fast becoming a common practice among athletes involved in a variety of sports. Several mechanisms have been put forth to explain the rationale for its use. However, there is still a lack of evidence from a sufficiently large-scale ...

The cardiovascular benefits of exercise are well known. In contrast, the impact of lifelong endurance exercise is less well understood. Long-term high-intensity endurance exercise is associated with changes in cardiac morphology together with electrocardiographic alterations that are believed to be physiologic in nature. Recent data however has suggested a number ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was 1) to describe the acute cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses of Paralympic athletes participating in the following five sports: Nordic sit skiing (NS, n = 5), wheelchair distance racing (WR, n = 6), wheelchair basketball (WB, n = 13), wheelchair fencing (WF, n = ...

Although several studies showed the positive effects of exercise and physical activity on health and well-being for individuals with ID, there is a lack of information about the influence of sport specialization on fitness and health components. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess: (a) physical fitness of ...

Most humans observe an overnight fast on a daily basis, and the human body copes well with short duration fasting. Periodic fasting is widely practised for cultural, religious or health reasons. Fasting may take many different forms. Prolonged restriction of food and fluid is harmful to health and performance, and ...

The morphological determinants of respiratory muscle (RM) strength and endurance in non-athletic populations are well documented, but are lacking in athletic populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the kinanthropometric and pulmonary predictors of RM strength and endurance. 160 athletes (103 men) were recruited from eight different sports ...

This study was aimed at the following: (1) the prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in swimmers and winter sport athletes according to the previously recommended regulatory sport agencies criteria, (2) the relationship between respiratory symptoms and AHR/EIB, (3) the impact of the chosen cutoff value for ...

Hypertension is a prevalent disease worldwide. Its inadequate treatment leads to major cardiovascular complications, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure. These conditions decrease life expectancy and are a substantial cost burden to health care systems. Physically active individuals and professional athletes are not risk free for developing this ...

BACKGROUND: This study set out to identify the effects of recreational and endurance exercise on subclinical evidence of atherosclerosis in young adults. METHODS: Cardiovascular disease risk factors and intima-media thickness determination by B-mode ultrasonography of 150 subjects were correlated to endurance exercise, recreational exercise, and sedentary lifestyle. The subjects comprised ...

Fluid is typically administered via intravenous (IV) infusion to athletes who develop clinical symptoms of heat illness, based on the perception that dehydration is a primary factor contributing to the condition. However, other athletes also voluntarily rehydrate with IV fluid as opposed to, or in conjunction with, oral rehydration. The ...

Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) is hyponatremia that occurs <or= 24 hours after prolonged physical activity. It is a potentially serious complication of marathons, triathlons, and ultradistance events, and can occur in hot and cold environments. Clear evidence indicates that EAH is a dilutional hyponatremia caused by excessive fluid consumption and the ...

This study was performed to assess how 4 weeks of magnesium supplementation and exercise affect the free and total plasma testosterone levels of sportsmen practicing tae kwon do and sedentary controls at rest and after exhaustion. The testosterone levels were determined at four different periods: resting before supplementation, exhaustion before supplementation, ...

Although internalization of the thin ideal has been extensively researched and is now regarded as a risk factor for eating disturbance, endorsement of the firm, athletic body ideal has received only minimal attention. This short-term longitudinal study explored whether internalization of two aspects of the current cultural ideal (thinness and ...

Many researchers have emphasized the relation between nutrition and development and sustaining performance. Two methods are commonly employed to identify the interaction between physical activity and nutrition. The first consists of administering food with a variety of contents to people engaged in physical activity and observing their performance responses, and ...

Endurance athletes demonstrate an exceptional resistance to fatigue when exercising at high intensity. Much research has been devoted to the contribution of aerobic capacity for the economy of endurance performance. Important aspects of the fine-tuning of metabolic processes and power output in the endurance athlete have been overlooked. This review ...

PURPOSE: Physical exertion may disturb retinal function. We wondered whether different levels of physical performance could affect the plot of neuroretinal activity after dynamic exercise in healthy subjects. The aim of our study was to estimate the effect of increasing intensity physical exercise on retinal activity in 2 groups: athletes ...

Abdominal and groin injuries are common problems encountered by athletes across a wide variety of sports. They range from benign but annoying, such as exercise-related transient abdominal pain (ETAP), to the activity-limiting and possibly career-ending condition of athletic hernia. This article covers ETAP, rectus abdominus injuries, osteitis pubis, athletic hernia, ...

Haemoglobin (Hb) and Reticulocytes (Ret) are measured as indirect markers of doping in athletes. We studied the diurnal variation, the impact of exercise, fluid intake and ambient temperature in athletes on these parameters. Hourly venous blood samples were obtained from 36 male athletes of different disciplines (endurance (END) and non-endurance ...

Dehydration in athletes alters cardiovascular and thermoregulatory function and may inhibit endurance exercise capacity if fluid loss exceeds 2% of bodyweight (BW). If this level of dehydration cannot be prevented when starting from a state of euhydration, then athletes may create a state of hyperhydration by consuming extra fluid prior ...

Training of the trunk or core muscles for enhanced health, rehabilitation, and athletic performance has received renewed emphasis. Instability resistance exercises have become a popular means of training the core and improving balance. Whether instability resistance training is as, more, or less effective than traditional ground-based resistance training is not ...

Regular physical activity may play a protective role against cardiovascular disease in adults, and paraoxonase activity may serve to mediate this effect. This study compared paraoxonase activity and that of other antioxidative agents in adolescent athletes compared with inactive youth. Paraoxonase level was 177.32 +/- 100.10 (U/L) in children with ...

Physical capacity of athletes is an important element of success in sports achievements. Aerobic capacity has been accepted as its major component. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) has been regarded by majority of authors as the best indicator of aerobic capacity of an organism, and at the same time, the best ...

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between oxidative stress and overtraining syndrome. Indicators of oxidative stress (plasma protein carbonyls, nitrotyrosine, and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant status (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) were measured in severely overtrained (two women, five men) and control athletes (five women, five men). ...

BACKGROUND: There is a growing body of evidence that physical training exerts its potential benefits on the individual health status by modulating the immune system and the whole body metabolism. A better knowledge of the physiologic immune response to exercise may help to understand the benefits of physical exercise in ...