Crary MA, Carnaby GD, LaGorio LA, Carvajal PJ. Functional and physiological outcomes from an exercise-based dysphagia therapy: a pilot investigation of the McNeill Dysphagia Therapy Program. OBJECTIVE: To investigate functional and physiological changes in swallowing performance of adults with chronic dysphagia after an exercise-based dysphagia therapy. DESIGN: Intervention study: before-after ...

Understanding the physiological limitations to exercise after stroke will assist the development of targeted therapies to improve everyday function. This study defines (1) whether exercise capacity is limited by the cardiovascular system (oxygen supply) or skeletal muscles (oxygen utilization); and (2) cardiac function and pumping capability in people with stroke. ...

BACKGROUND: Patients with COPD and patients with bronchiectasis undertake airway clearance therapy and exercise as part of management but the effect of these activities on gastroesophageal acid exposure is unknown. This study aimed to determine if positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy and standardised exercise tasks were associated with increased gastroesophageal ...

Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often limited in their ability to perform exercise due to a heightened sense of dyspnea and/or the occurrence of leg fatigue associated with a reduced ventilatory capacity and peripheral skeletal muscle dysfunction, respectively. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs have been shown to improve exercise ...

Brantingham JW, Parkin-Smith G, Cassa TK, Globe GA, Globe D, Pollard H, deLuca K, Jensen M, Mayer S, Korporaal C. Full kinetic chain manual and manipulative therapy plus exercise compared with targeted manual and manipulative therapy plus exercise for symptomatic osteoarthritis of the hip: a randomized controlled trial. To determine ...

The increasing recognition that fatty liver plays a direct role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic disease has resulted in significant research enquiry into the efficacy of lifestyle therapy in modulating liver fat. Recently, this has extended to the specific investigation of a possible independent benefit of physical activity/exercise ...

Inhaled combined therapy improves the pulmonary function in asthmatic patients. The effect on the airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and the efficacy of different pharmacological schedules is not well clarified on adolescent asthmatics. Evaluate the responses to different combined inhaled therapies in adolescent asthmatics and study its impact on exercise induced AHR. ...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was the evaluation of the effectiveness of supervised rehabilitation in comparison to uncontrolled exercise therapy after surgical reconstruction of rotator cuff interrupted tendons. Methods: Twenty two patients with comparable level of disability after the same type of surgery were randomly divided into two equal ...

Airway epithelial cells act as a physical barrier against environmental toxins and injury, and modulate inflammation and the immune response. As such, maintenance of their integrity is critical. Evidence is accumulating to suggest that exercise can cause injury to the airway epithelium. This seems the case particularly for competitive athletes ...

Objective: To determine and compare haemodynamic responses at maximal arm-crank (ACE) and wheelchair exercise (WCE) in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury and pair-matched able-bodied individuals. Methods: Nine male, motor-complete cervical spinal cord injured and 9 able-bodied individuals performed graded, maximal ACE and WCE. Cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke ...

The extent and depth of traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major determining factor together with the type of structural insult and its location, whether mild, moderate or severe, as well as the distribution and magnitude of inflammation and loss of cerebrovascular integrity, and the eventual efficacy of intervention. The ...

A randomized controlled trial was performed to evaluate the effect of the combination of compression therapy with active exercising using a facilitating apparatus on arm lymphedema. Twenty women with a mean age of 63.3 years were evaluated; all had lymphedema resulting from breast cancer treatment. The inclusion criterion was a ...

The detrimental outcomes associated with unregulated and excessive production of free radicals remains a physiological concern that has implications to health, medicine and performance. Available evidence suggests that physiological adaptations to exercise training can enhance the body's ability to quench free radicals and circumstantial evidence exists to suggest that key ...

Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a common condition, causing considerable morbidity in athletes and non-athletes alike. Conservative or physical therapies are accepted as first-line management of AT; however, despite a growing volume of research, there remains a lack of high quality studies evaluating their efficacy. Previous systematic reviews provide preliminary ...

Can circuit class therapy provide sufficient exercise dosage (at least 20 minutes at ≥ 50% heart rate reserve or total caloric expenditure ≥ 300 kilocalories) to induce a cardiorespiratory fitness effect in adults with traumatic brain injury? Can feedback from heart rate monitors influence exercise intensity? Randomised controlled trial within ...

Background. Metaboreflex overactivation has been proprosed to explain exaggerated hyperventilation in heart failure population. We investigated the metaboreflex activation after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Methods. 10 heart failure patients (mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 27 ± 4%) schedulded for CRT implantation were prospectively studied. At baseline and after 6 ...

This review takes into account experimental and clinical evidence to provide an overview of the rationale for the use of exercise in cancer cachexia, its clinical application, and future developments. Studies targeting cachectic patients have demonstrated that even in advanced disease peripheral muscle has the capacity to respond to exercise ...

The program of the special corrective exercises according to Schroth method in H.R. Weiss modification was carried out in multimodality conservative therapy of idiopathic scoliosis in our clinic. Efficacy of the treatment was evaluated in 21 patients treated with the six week physiotherapy program. Initial state of musculoskeletal system and ...

In a bid to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with coronary artery disease, statin therapy has become a cornerstone treatment for patients with dyslipideamia. Statins, or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are effective in blocking hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and are generally regarded as safe. Although rare, severe adverse side effects ...

CLINICAL SCENARIO: The gluteus medius (GM) is thought to play an important role in stabilizing the pelvis and controlling femoral adduction and internal rotation during functional activity. Weakness of the GM, resulting in decreased stabilization and control, has been suggested to be related to lower extremity dysfunction and injury. Many ...

The effects of exercise pre-conditioning on lessening the impact of ischemia/reperfusion injury provide pivotal information and potential targets for future pharmacological intervention. Exercise induces increased expression of neurotrophic factors, the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, integrins, angiogenic factors, as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and heat shock proteins (Hsp-70). These ...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be due to a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury that disrupts normal brain function; it presents an ever-growing, serious public health problem that causes a considerable number of fatalities and cases of permanent disability annually. Physical exercise restores ...

We examined gene expression in the lumbar spinal cord and the specific response of motoneurons, intermediate gray and proprioceptive sensory neurons after spinal cord injury and exercise of hindlimbs to identify potential molecular processes involved in activity dependent plasticity. Adult female rats received a low thoracic transection and passive cycling ...

Regular participation in physical activity and sport increases exposure to injury risk. While there are increasing recommendations to exercise or partake in sport, little is known of the frequency of sports injuries for the general public and their understanding of the consequences of such injuries. The aim of this study ...

The aim of this study was (i) to evaluate whether homocysteine (Hcy), total antioxidant status (TAS), and biological markers of muscle injury would be affected by time of day (TOD) in football players and (ii) to establish a relationship between diurnal variation of these biomarkers and the daytime rhythm of ...

This report briefly summarises the cardiovascular factors that influence exercise physiology, and eventually sports performance, of athletes with a spinal cord injury (SCI). The consequences of a SCI are numerous and concern voluntary muscle function, deep and superficial sensitivity, and autonomic function to a degree determined by the level and ...

Functional electric stimulation (FES) is a technology that may allow patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) to transfer stand and walk. This paper reports upon the use of the Case Western Reserve Neuroprosthesis by a T6 ASIA B paraplegic subject. The subject was able to stand for two minutes and ...

PURPOSE:: To investigate localised and systemic effects of chronic exercise and inactivity on conduit artery remodelling in humans. METHODS:: We recruited elite athletes engaged in predominantly lower limb (LL runners/cyclists, n=10) or upper limb (UL canoe paddlers, n=12) exercise and matched able-bodied, recreationally active, controls (C, n=16). We also studied ...

ABSTRACT: We report the case of a 27-year-old male athlete presenting with severe dyspnoea 24 hours after completing an \x{201c}Ironman Triathlon.\x{201d} Subsequent chest radiology excluded pulmonary embolus but confirmed an acute lung injury (ALI). Echocardiography corroborated a normal brain natriuretic peptide level by demonstrating good biventricular systolic function with no ...

Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is the most complicated and dangerous amongst heat injuries that can lead to irreversible injury and even death. Early diagnosis and treatment are therefore crucial determinants of the patient's prognosis. The following case report depicts a soldier who presented primarily with confusion and behavioral changes during ...

McArdle's disease (myophosphorylase deficiency), an uncommon autosomal recessive metabolic disorder, is characterized clinically by exercise intolerance beginning in childhood, myalgia, cramps, exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis, "second wind" phenomenon, elevated Creatine Kinase (CK) levels at rest, and previous episodes of raised CK levels following exercise. Several mutations in the PYGM gene and geographic ...

BackgroundDespite the high rate of hamstring injuries, there is no consensus on their management, with a large number of different interventions being used. Recently several new injection therapies have been introduced.ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature on the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for acute hamstring injuries.Data sourcesThe databases of PubMed, EMBASE, ...

ABSTRACT: Study Design. Review of research identifying physical impairments in the neuromuscular system in subjects with whiplash associated disorders.Objective. Review the impairments in movement and neuromuscular function towards constructing research informed exercise programs.Summary of Background Data. Pain and injury to the musculoskeletal system result in loss of motion and impaired ...

In this study, the effects of a prolonged period of fixture congestion (8 successive official matches in 26 days) on physical performance and injury risk and severity in a professional soccer team were investigated. Computerised motion-analysis was used to analyse the overall distance covered and that run at light- (0.0-11.0 km·h - 1); ...

Older adults may be susceptible to injury during high-intensity resistance exercise. It has been suggested that it may be more protective to predict one-repetition maximum (1-RM) than to measure it because of the high intensity associated with 1-RM testing, but it may be necessary to measure 1-RM for functional, diagnostic, ...

The cause of eye injury in various services may be different. Preventing the injury according to the cause would be more effective. We investigated 502 (549 eyes) cases of ocular injury in 21 military hospitals in China. Sports-related injury was the first cause of ocular injury (181/502, 36.1%), and it ...

With the beginning of each school year athletes of all ages are gearing up to play. The National Athletic Trainers' Association offers several important tips for consideration before a player begins formal participation, including information regarding pre-participation physicals; beating the heat; locker room cleanliness; emergency action plans; and exercising caution ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the magnitude and range of increases in peak aerobic capacity with hybrid-functional electrical stimulation (FES) rowing versus arms-only rowing in persons with spinal cord injury. DESIGN: Comparison of graded exercise tests for peak responses during FES rowing and arms-only rowing. Preliminary data on adaptations to FES row ...

This study investigated the renal and endocrine responses to arm exercise in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) under euhydration conditions (ad libitum drinking of water) and determined the physiological effects of exercise on renal function in these subjects. Eleven SCI (spinal lesions between T6 and L1, American Spinal Injury ...

In this study, the effect of vitamin C and E supplementation on lung injury and performance of runners were analyzed. Using a randomized, double-blinded, crossover design, nine runners participated in two experimental trials: a 2-week Vitamin trial (vitamin C = 500 mg/day + vitamin E = 100 IU/day) and a 2-week Placebo trial. At the end of each ...

The incidence of acute hamstring injuries is high in several sports, including the different forms of football. The authors investigated the preventive effect of eccentric strengthening of the hamstring muscles using the Nordic hamstring exercise compared with no additional hamstring exercise on the rate of acute hamstring injuries in male ...

Injury to the airway epithelium has been proposed as a key susceptibility factor for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). Our goals were to establish whether airway epithelial cell injury occurs during EIB in athletes and whether inhalation of warm humid air inhibits this injury. Twenty one young male athletes (ten with a ...

Resistance exercise involves muscular contractions that can render downstream tissues ischemic and may precondition the vasculature against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, but it is unknown if habitual resistance exercise protects against IR injury in humans. We determined the magnitude and recovery from endothelial IR injury induced by forearm occlusion in 22 ...

Objectives:To systematically develop evidence-informed physical activity guidelines to improve physical fitness in people with spinal cord injury (SCI).Setting:This study was conducted in CanadaMethods:The Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation II guideline development protocol was used to develop exercise guidelines to improve physical capacity and muscular strength. The evidence base for ...

Despite intensive neurorehabilitation, extensive functional recovery after spinal cord injury is unattainable for most individuals. Optimal recovery will likely depend on activity-based, task-specific training that personalizes the timing of intervention with the severity of injury. Exercise paradigms elicit both beneficial and deleterious biophysical effects after spinal cord injury. Modulating the ...

Upper limb paresis is a major source of disability in stroke survivors, and robotic aided exercise therapy is a promising approach to enhance motor abilities. Few devices have been available to provide robotic therapy to the fingers and hand. We report an open-label pilot study of 12 individuals with chronic ...

This article describes the effects of exercise on neural plasticity after traumatic brain injury (TBI). There is strong evidence that indicates that exercise has neuroprotective effects by activating specific neuronal circuits and increasing molecules that enhance synaptic plasticity. Findings obtained from experimental models of TBI are discussed to support the ...

Although feeding is an essential component of life, it is only recently that the actions of foods on brain plasticity and function have been scrutinized. There is evidence that select dietary factors are important modifiers of brain plasticity and can have an impact on central nervous system health and disease. ...

Purpose: To explore factors that may influence exercise adherence in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) theoretical model. Participants: Thirty participants with TBI who had been randomized to a home-based exercise programme in a recently conducted randomized controlled trial. Methods: ...

Fatigue is a major barrier to recovery for burned individuals. Studies indicate that a slow return to normal or near-normal muscle strength is the natural course of recovery. With no special interventions, other than the "usual care" tailored to the needs of the individual, postburn patients will make gradual improvement ...