Progressive resistance training promotes strength gains in both the young and the aged. Importantly, gains in strength in aged persons are, with the appropriate duration, intensity, and progression, not simply due to neuromuscular mechanisms, but also encompass muscle fibre hypertrophy. Critically, the resistance exercise-induced changes in aged skeletal muscle are ...

We analyzed the effects of gravitational unloading on muscular fatigability and the effectiveness of resistive vibration exercise to counteract these changes. Changes in knee extensor fatigability as a consequence of 8 weeks of horizontal bedrest with or without daily resistive vibration exercise were evaluated in 17 healthy male volunteers. Bedrest ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate if strength training affects red blood cell variables in physically inactive men when taking into account seasonal variations. Seventy-four men aged 20-45 were randomly assigned to training (n = 52) and control (n = 22) groups. Training group underwent 20-week progressive strength ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of activation in various trunk muscles during dynamic weight-training and isometric instability exercises. Sixteen subjects performed squats and deadlifts with 80% 1 repetition maximum (1RM), as well as with body weight as resistance and 2 unstable calisthenic-type exercises (superman and ...

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of various exercise sequences in the early weeks of a strength training program. Forty-two untrained men were randomly assigned to one of 4 training regimens, which were differentiated by the order in which the exercises were performed, and trained 3 ...

This study aimed to examine short-term resistance training effects of resting period length between sets on maximal number of repetitions and mean velocity over a moderate-intensity (60% of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]) set to failure on elbow-flexor muscles. The MVIC and surface electromyographic activity (sEMG) were also measured. ...

This investigation examined the effect of torso rotational strength on angular hip (AHV), angular shoulder (ASV), linear bat-end (BEV), and hand velocities (HV) and 3 repetition maximum (RM) torso rotational and sequential hip-torso-arm rotational strength (medicine ball hitter's throw) in high school baseball players (age 15.4 +/- 1.2 y). Participants ...

We herein examined whether immediate muscular activity (active recovery) after stretching decreased stretch-induced strength deficits in human muscles. Our within-subject study included 8 subjects who were used as their own controls. For each subject, both legs were subjected to the same warm-up and stretching treatments, and then one leg was ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2 modes of aerobic exercise (continuous or intermittent) on maximum strength (1 repetition maximum, 1RM) and strength endurance (maximum repetitions at 80% of 1RM) for lower- and upper-body exercises to test the acute hypothesis in concurrent training (CT) interference. ...

The geometrical dimensions of the bones that make up the glenohumeral joint could be a key factor in strength predictability. Understanding the mechanical influence of these dimensions (individually or in combination) on shoulder strength could help explain the mechanism of musculoskeletal disorders. The following study shows how a recently discovered ...

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine if significant differences exist among 3 different periodization programs in eliciting changes in strength. Twenty-eight recreationally trained college-aged volunteers (mean +/- SD; 22.29 +/- 3.98) of both genders were tested for bench press, leg press, body fat percentage, chest circumference, and ...

With the purpose of manipulating training stimuli, several techniques have been employed to resistance training. Two of the most popular techniques are the pre-exhaustion (PRE) and priority system (PS). PRE involves exercising the same muscle or muscle group to the point of muscular failure using a single-joint exercise immediately before ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 2 different rest period lengths during a resistance training session with the number of repetitions completed per set of each exercise, the volume completed over 3 sets of each exercise, and the total volume during a training session. Fourteen ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate, in heavy-resistance strength-trained (N = 10) and untrained (N = 10) subjects, the vastus lateralis muscle oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) desaturation time course in response to a brief, maximal, voluntary isometric contraction. METHODS: The two groups were not statistically different physically. Mean (+/- ...

This study was designed to investigate the effects of vibration on muscle performance and mobility in a healthy, untrained, older population. Forty-three participants (23 men, 20 women, 66-85 y old) performed tests of sit-to-stand (STS), 5- and 10-m fast walk, timed up-and-go test, stair mobility, and strength. Participants were randomly ...

BACKGROUND: To determine whether prolonged (24 weeks) intradialytic progressive resistance training (PRT) could counteract muscle wasting more effectively than short-duration training (12 weeks) in patients with end-stage renal disease. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 49 patients (age, 62.6 +/- 14.2 years; 0.3 to 16.7 years on hemodialysis ...

PURPOSE: Although many studies have attempted to examine the effect of hypohydration on strength, power, and high-intensity endurance, few have successfully isolated changes in total body water from other variables that alter performance (e.g., increased core temperature), and none have documented the influence of hypohydration on an isotonic, multiset, multirepetition ...

PURPOSE: To determine normative values for handgrip (HG) strength at entry into cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and to examine the relationship of HG strength with self-reported physical function and the response of HG strength to exercise training. METHODS: HG strength was measured in 1,960 patients with coronary heart disease. Other measures ...

BACKGROUND: We examined the effects of combined resistance and aerobic training on land versus combined resistance and aerobic training in water in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS: Thirty-four patients were randomly assigned to land exercise (LE, n = 12), water exercise (WE, n = 12), and control (n = ...

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of periodized resistance training on accelerative sprint performance. Sixteen physically active men participated in a randomized controlled study. An experimental group (n = 10) completed an 8-week periodized resistance training intervention, while a control group (n = 6) did not ...

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, single-group, repeated-measures design. OBJECTIVE: To identify exercises that could be used for strength development and the exercises that would be more appropriate for endurance or stabilization training. BACKGROUND: The exercises analyzed are often used in rehabilitation programs for the spine, hip, and knee. They are active exercises ...

BodyBalance is a popular mind-body program practised at numerous leisure centres throughout the western world that makes many unsubstantiated claims as to the benefits of participation. This study examines physiological and psychological responses in adults, aged (mean+/-S.D.) 43.9+/-10.9 years, to a 12-week 'BodyBalance' exercise program. An exercise intervention group (n=17) ...

Stretching exercises are commonly used as an integral part of a pre-exercise warm-up training sessions despite even early laboratory studies having demonstrated that some degree of mechanical weakness takes place following the stretching of muscle tissue. This study compared the effects of four treatments (n = 12 each) [10 minutes ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an 8-week golf-specific exercise program on physical characteristics, swing mechanics, and golf performance. Fifteen trained male golfers (47.2 +/- 11.4 years, 178.8 +/- 5.8 cm, 86.7 +/- 9.0 kg, and 12.1 +/- 6.4 U.S. Golf Association handicap) were recruited. ...

In this study, we assessed the influence of training intensity on strength retention and loss incurred during detraining in older adults. In a previous study, untrained seniors (age = 71.0 +/- 5.0; n = 61) were randomly divided into 3 exercise groups and 1 control group. Exercise groups trained 2 ...

This study examined the effect of 12 weeks of medicine ball training on high school baseball players. Forty-nine baseball players (age 15.4 +/- 1.2 years) were randomly assigned using a stratified sampling technique to 1 of 2 groups. Group 1 (n = 24) and group 2 (n = 25) performed ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of unilateral upper-limb strength training on the finger-pinch force control of older men. DESIGN: Pretest and post-test 6-week intervention study. SETTING: Exercise science research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven neurologically fit older men (age range, 70-80y). INTERVENTION: The strength training group (n=7) trained twice a week for ...

Some research suggests that strength improvements are greater when resistance training continues to the point at which the individual cannot perform additional repetitions (i.e., repetition failure). Performing additional forced repetitions after the point of repetition failure and thus further increasing the set volume is a common resistance training practice. However, ...

The purpose of the present study was to develop a systematic procedure for the establishment of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in order to describe an easily accessible test procedure that is applicable for physical therapists and athletic trainers who manage strength training for healthy individuals and patients. Another purpose was ...

Most exercise programs for conditioning and rehabilitation are oriented to strength development, aerobic (cardiovascular) fitness, or a combination of the 2. Because the 2 types of exercise are located at the opposite extremes of a muscular power continuum, the design of a program must be highly specific with regard to ...

Physical fitness and muscular strength are important performance factors for Olympic class sailors, but the physical demands vary greatly between yacht classes, and limited information is available regarding the physical demands for the different crew positions. In the present paper, strength and aerobic capacity data from elite Olympic sailors are ...

The freely chosen pedal rate is relatively high and energetically inefficient during submaximal cycling, which is a paradox since the rate of energy expenditure is considered important for voluntary motor behavior in other cyclical activities as, e.g., running. For example, it has been suggested that subjects pedal fast to reduce ...

The polarity rapid assessment method (PRAM) characterizes the polarity of aqueous natural organic matter (NOM) by quantifying the amount of material adsorbed onto different solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents. The analysis is performed under ambient conditions resulting in the elimination of pretreatment steps that may alterthe chemical characteristics of the NOM, ...

Prior data in young individuals suggest that the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism interacts with exercise to affect athletic performance, but the direction of the genotype effect depends on the outcome assessed (endurance vs. strength). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ACE I/D genotype influences ...

Hand exercise is recommended for hand osteoarthritis (OA) management, but few efficacy studies have been published. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of two years of whole body strength training and gripper exercise on hand strength, pain, and function in adults with radiographic evidence of hand ...

BACKGROUND: Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) exhibit an impaired exercised tolerance that dramatically limits their functional capacity and alters their quality of life. DESIGN: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two types of training programmes on isokinetic muscle strength and aerobic capacities in patients ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Muscle atrophy is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a viable treatment for muscle atrophy, there is no evidence about the use of NMES in patients with RA. The purposes of this multiple-patient case report are: (1) to describe the ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of resistance exercise on function, fatigue, and quality of life in individuals with ALS. METHODS: Subjects with a diagnosis of clinically definite, probable, or laboratory-supported ALS, forced vital capacity (FVC) of 90% predicted or greater, and an ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS) score of 30 ...

Prison populations are growing in Western countries. Imprisoned people usually have a poor health status and an increased risk to suffer chronic debilitating conditions as coinfection with the HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or opioid dependency. We studied the effects of a 4-month concurrent cardiorespiratory and resistance training program ...

OBJECTIVE: The present study compared surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity obtained from the submental muscle group for a tongue press and a head lift exercise as potential therapeutic exercises for dysphagic elderly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-three healthy volunteers with a mean age of 35.3 participated in this study. Subjects were required ...

OBJECTIVE: To find out if there were any differences in improvement and maintenance of motor function, activity of daily living and grip strength between patients with first-ever stroke receiving two different strategies of physical exercise during the first year after stroke. DESIGN: A longitudinal randomized controlled stratified trial. SETTING: Rehabilitation ...

With regard to judo players, like all sport activities, strength training can be divided into general and specific strength training. The specific exercises must correspond with the competitive movement. In addition, in terms of structure, they must correspond with regard to the strength time sequence, and they may be executed ...

The effects of a maximal duration stretcher carriage on heart rate (HR), lactate concentration, hand steadiness and hand-grip strength were studied up to 72 h post-exercise in 17 male and 15 female military ambulance personnel. Using both hands for transport, the participants walked on a treadmill ergometer at a speed ...

INTRODUCTION: Exercise countermeasures for long duration space crews incorporate aerobic and resistance exercise (i.e., concurrent training). Microgravity simulation studies show that resistance exercise alone can be completely effective at preventing muscle loss, yet crews return from missions with reduced muscle mass and function. Some Earth-based studies show human skeletal muscle ...

CONTEXT: Functional strength measures correlate more closely with functional performance than non-functional strength measures. OBJECTIVES: To determine the reliability of the lateral step test as a measure of maximal strength. Design: Intertester repeated measures. SETTING: Research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty four healthy, pain free subjects. INTERVENTION: Two protocols (A and B) ...

Whole-body vibration training has recently received a lot of attention with reported enhancements of strength and power qualities in athletes. This study investigated whether upper-body vibration would be able to augment muscular attributes for climbing performance. Twelve healthy active climbers volunteered for the study. All participants underwent 3 treatments--arm cranking ...

This study investigated the effects of 6 weeks of dietary supplementation of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) and HMB combined with creatine monohydrate (HMBCr) on the muscular strength and endurance, leg power, and anthropometry of elite male rugby league players. The subjects were divided into a control group (n = 8), a HMB ...

The purpose of the study was to determine whether resistance training (RT) or a combination of resistance and aerobic training (CT) resulted in the most improvement in measures of functional ability in functionally limited elders. Elderly adults who exhibited some limits in functional ability were randomly assigned to either a ...

A 12-wk. study was conducted to contrast the effects of a longer and more frequent aerobic exercise protocol with a shorter and less frequent circuit strength-training protocol for improving U.S. Air Force physical fitness test scores of subjects who previously failed to achieve a passing point total. 83 men and ...

We compared the effect of a 10-week resistance training program on peak isometric torque, muscle hypertrophy, voluntary activation and electromyogram signal amplitude (EMG) of the knee extensors between young and elderly women. Nine young women (YW; range 20-30 years) and eight elderly women (EW; 64-78 years) performed three sets of ...