PURPOSE: Aging alters cardiac autonomic function, which may contribute to a higher risk of cardiac events. Spectral measures of HR variability (HRV) and fractal-like behavior of HR are considered as markers of a healthy heart. The present study examined the effects of combining endurance and strength training compared with endurance ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of two weeks of intensive exercise on leg function in chronic stroke patients and to evaluate the feasibility of an intensive exercise programme in a group setting. DESIGN: Pilot study with one-group pre-test post-test design with two pre-tests and one-year follow-up. SETTING: Inpatient rehabilitation hospital. ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of a 16-week progressive, individualized, high-intensity strength training program on muscle strength, pain, and function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Twenty-four RA patients (men, n = 5; women, n = 19) receiving infliximab participated in a randomized controlled trial. The strength training (ST) ...

OBJECTIVE: To develop an outcome measure as a basis for prescribing and evaluating rehabilitation in the critically ill, and to measure its reliability and responsiveness to change. The study also aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of a pilot exercise training protocol in an intensive care unit. METHODS: We ...

Simultaneously training for both strength and endurance results in a compromised adaptation, compared with training for either exercise mode alone. This has been variously described as the concurrent training effect or the interference effect. It now appears that the genetic and molecular mechanisms of adaptation induced by resistance- and endurance-based ...

Corticobasal degeneration is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by a combination of parkinsonism and cortical dysfunction such as limb kinetic apraxia, alien limb phenomenon, and dementia. To study the effect of repetitive facilitation exercise (RFE) in a patient with corticobasal degeneration, we used a newly designed facilitation exercise designed to ...

The aim of this study was to explore muscle strength and its relation to exercise habits in Japanese. We used data from 3,018 men and 6,881 women aged 20-69 years and not using medications in a cross-sectional study. Exercise habits and muscle strength, i.e. grip strength and leg strength, were ...

The objective of this study was to design and validate a three degrees of freedom model in the sagittal plane for the bench press exercise. The mechanical model was based on rigid segments connected by revolute and prismatic pairs, which enabled a kinematic approach and global force estimation. The method ...

Long-stay hospitalized elderly patients frequently develop a decrease in strength, cardiovascular fitness and balance, which can be improved by exercise. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (ES) might also be effective in this population. The effect of different lower limb rehabilitation programs (3 interventions/week for 6 weeks) on functional fitness in 40 hospitalized ...

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of a combined endurance and strength training on the physiological and neuromuscular parameters during a 2-h cycling test. METHODS: Fourteen triathletes were assigned to an endurance-strength training group and an endurance-only training group. They performed three experimental trials before and after training: an incremental ...

We studied the effects on blood lipids and physical fitness after a training program that combined strength and aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Ten patients (55.0 +/- 5.2 years) followed four exercise sessions per week, two strength and two aerobic, and ten (59.4 +/- 3.2 years) ...

BACKGROUND: whole body vibration (WBV) training appears to be an efficient alternative for conventional resistance training in older individuals. So far, no data exist about the vibratory effect on cardiorespiratory fitness. OBJECTIVES: this randomised controlled trial assessed the effects of 1-year WBV training on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength in ...

Predicting one repetition maximum equations accuracy in paralympic rowers Resistance training intensity is prescribed using percentiles of the maximum strength, defined as the maximum tension generated for a muscle or muscular group. This value is found through the application of the one maximal repetition (1RM) test. One maximal repetition test ...

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a 7-week heavy elastic band and weighted-chain program on maximum muscular strength and maximum power in the bench press exercise. Thirty-six (n = 36) healthy men aged 18-30 years old, from the Robert Morris University football team, volunteered to ...

In this study, we examined the effect of 96-125 h of competitive exercise on cognitive and physical performance. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Stroop test (n = 9) before, during, and after the 2003 Southern Traverse adventure race. Strength (MVC) and strength endurance (time to failure at 70% current ...

AIMS: The objective of this study was to determine whether 24 weeks resistance training during hemodialysis could improve exercise capacity, muscle strength, physical functioning and health-related quality of life compared to a low intensity aerobic program. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 27 patients (55.6 +/- 17.6 years) were recruited from two hemodialysis ...

This study examined the effects of different dynamic accentuated external resistance load levels during the eccentric(ECC) phase of ECC-concentric (CON) actions on acute neuromuscular, maximal force, and power responses in the bench press exercise in male subjects (age, = 32 +/- 4 years; n = 11). Four maximum strength sessions ...

Lifting velocity may have a great impact on strength training-induced adaptations. The purpose of this study was to validate a method including a metronome and a measurement tape as inexpensive tools for the estimation of mean lifting velocity during the bench press exercise. Fifteen subjects participated in this study. After ...

Strength tracking uses ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) as a reference value to determine changes in strength as a function of a resistance training program. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the OMNI Resistance Exercise Scale (OMNI-RES) could be used to track training-induced strength changes in older ...

The most recent American College of Sports Medicine (1998) recommendations for quantity and quality of exercise includes both resistance and endurance exercise components. Skeletal muscle adaptations to resistance-only and endurance-only programs may be different and possibly antagonistic when both types of training are imposed concurrently. The present study examined the ...

The effect of 42 g of protein ingested pre- and post-exercise on recovery from an acute resistance exercise session was examined in 15 male strength/power athletes who were randomly divided into a supplement (SUP) or placebo (PL) group. Subjects reported to the Human Performance Laboratory (HPL) on four separate occasions ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of hand exercise in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and to compare the results with healthy controls. METHODS: Forty women (20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 20 healthy controls) performed a hand exercise programme. The results were evaluated after 6 and 12 weeks with hand force ...

This investigation evaluated the use of OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale ratings of perceived exertion as a method for selecting training intensities that are appropriate for improving muscular fitness. 20 women (M = 21.3 yr., SD = 2.2) completed a one-repetition maximum for the chest press and knee extension. Participants returned for ...

Poor glucose control increases the risk of vascular complications and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of a long-term exercise training program on metabolic control and arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 DM. Fifty men with DM (age 52.3 +/- ...

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks of supervised aerobic and strength training (SET) versus no-training (NT) on peak aerobic power (VO2peak), submaximal exercise left ventricular (LV) systolic function, peripheral vascular function, lean tissue mass and maximal strength in clinically stable heart transplant recipients ...

Muscle and mobility deficits can persist for years after a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purposes of this study were (1) to determine if 12 weeks of rehabilitation with resistance exercise induces increases in muscle size, strength, and mobility in individuals 1 to 4 years after a TKA; and (2) ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in hamstring activation during lower body resistance training exercises. This study also sought to assess differences in hamstring-to-quadriceps muscle activation ratios and gender differences therein. METHODS: A randomized repeated measures design was used to compare six resistance training exercises that ...

PURPOSE: (a) to determine if 110 postmenopausal breast cancer survivors (BCS) with bone loss who participated in 24 months of strength and weight training (ST) exercises had improved muscle strength and balance and had fewer falls compared to BCS who did not exercise; and (b) to describe type and frequency ...

It is generally recommended that exercises involving large muscle groups be placed at the beginning of a training session. However, methodological training studies manipulating exercise order and the investigation of its influence on strength have not been conducted. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of ...

OBJECTIVE: Quadriceps strength (knee extensor torque) is an important correlate of physical function in individuals with hip osteoarthritis (OA). However, it remains unclear whether the ability to rapidly generate quadriceps torque in the early phase of muscle contraction (maximal rate of torque development [MRTD]) is also associated with physical function. ...

The purpose of this study was to determine if muscle strength influences the hyperemic response to dynamic exercise. Men with low (n=8) and high (n=9) maximal forearm strength performed dynamic handgrip exercise as the same absolute workload increased in a ramp function (0.5 kg x min (-1)). Forearm blood flow ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether prehabilitation, or exercise performed before muscle unloading, can effectively mitigate decreases in neuromuscular function typically elicited by unloading. DESIGN: Ten healthy, untrained young men (20.9 +/- 1.3 yrs; mean +/- SD) were initially tested for strength, work, power, and electromyography. After completing six prehabilitative resistance training ...

PURPOSE: The authors examined the combined effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), creatine (C), and whey protein (P) supplementation during strength training. METHODS: Sixty-nine participants (52 men, 17 women; M +/- SD age 22.5 +/-2.5 yr) were randomly assigned (double-blind) to 1 of 3 groups: CCP (6 g/d CLA + ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if subjects maintained improvements in kyphosis, spinal extensor strength, and physical performance 1 year after a 12-week multidimensional group exercise program. DESIGN: Follow-up data compared with posttest outcome measures. SETTING: Outpatient academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Nineteen of the initial 21 women, ages 65 to 80, with thoracic ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chain- (CBP) and plate-loaded (PBP) bench press training on measures of strength, shoulder pain, and muscle soreness in Division II baseball players. Twenty-eight subjects with previous resistance training experience (4.8 +/- 2.7 years) completed the study while participating in ...

BACKGROUND: Consistently swelling proportion of the frail elderly within a modern society challenges the overstrained public health sector to provide both adequate medical care and comprehensive assistance in their multiple functional deficits of daily living. Easy-to-apply and task-specific ways of addressing this issue are being sought out, with a view ...

Strength training has become one of the most popular physical activities for increasing characteristics such as absolute muscular strength, endurance, hypertrophy and muscular power. For efficient, safe and effective training, it is of utmost importance to understand the interaction among training variables, which might include the intensity, number of sets, ...

Whole-body vibration (WBV) training has been suggested to enhance strength and power development; however, research examining such claims has been scarce and lacks consistent findings. This study examined a unique application of WBV as a preexercise for the back squat in an attempt to increase rate of force production during ...

This systematic review provides a critical synthesis of research regarding the effects of electrical stimulation, exercise training, and motor skills training on muscle strength in children with meningomyelocele. Nine databases were searched using terms related to meningomyelocele and physical therapy interventions. Of 298 potentially relevant citations, six met the inclusion ...

BACKGROUND: Progressive resistance exercise training (PRT) improves physical functioning in patients with HIV infection. Creatine supplementation can augment the benefits derived from training in athletes and improve muscle function in patients with muscle wasting. The objective of this study was to determine whether creatine supplementation augments the effects of PRT ...

Different stretching techniques have been used during warm-up routines. However, these routines may decrease force production. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effect of a ballistic and a static stretching protocol on lower-limb maximal strength. Fourteen physically active women (169.3 +/- 8.2 cm; 64.9 +/- 5.9 ...

QUESTION: Is progressive resistance exercise a safe and effective form of exercise to improve glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes? DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PARTICIPANTS: People with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Intervention: Progressive resistance exercise. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was glycaemic control ...

The unloading of spaceflight leads to bone and muscle atrophy, and a pneumatic resistance squat exercise countermeasure has the potential to provide optimized controllable resistance in a lightweight and compact configuration. However each end of the barbell in the proposed device is connected to a separate resistance cylinder which could ...

There are few studies that have compared different periodization methods for strength and hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of a 12-week strength training program with different periodization models on body composition and strength levels in women ranging from 20 to 35 years of age. ...

The purpose of this investigation was to compare 4 different methods of calculating volume when comparing resistance exercise protocols of varying intensities. Ten Appalachian State University students experienced in resistance exercise completed 3 different resistance exercise protocols on different days using a randomized, crossover design, with 1 week of rest ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different between-set rest periods (1 and 2.5 minutes) on changes in hormone response, strength, arm cross-sectional area (CSA), thigh muscular cross-sectional area (MCSA), and body composition during a 10-week training period. Twelve untrained males (24.8 +/- 5.9 years) engaged ...

Remodeling of skeletal muscles is regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Functional genetic polymorphism (PM), modulating the expression of some MMPs, might be associated to different body composition and muscular strength improvement after exercise. Genetic PM of MMP-1 (G+/- at -1607), MMP-3 (5A/6A at -1171) and MMP-9 (Cytosine-Adenine microsatellite=(13-27)CA) repeats, around ...

BACKGROUND: The importance of maintaining strength in older adults is well documented and various training modalities have been recommended; however, the effectiveness of various interventions with high translation to public health practice has not been completely characterized. Additionally, the interrelations among mode, strength, and lower extremity physical function (LEPF) changes ...

BACKGROUND: Aging is associated with loss in both muscle mass and the metabolic quality of skeletal muscle. A major part of these changes is associated with an age-related decrease in the level of physical activity and may be counteracted by endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT). OBJECTIVE: Since both ...

PURPOSE: To determine if 16 weeks of strength training can improve the cardiovascular function of older men during submaximum aerobic exercise. METHODS: Twenty four men aged 70-80 yr were randomly assigned to a strength training (ST; n = 12) and control group (C; n = 12). Training consisted of 3 ...