The aim of this study was to enquire whether older adults, who continue plantar-flexion (PF) strength training for an additional 6-month period, would achieve further improvements in neuromuscular performance, in the ankle PFs, and in the antagonist dorsi-flexors (DFs). Twenty-three healthy older volunteers (mean age 77.4 +/- 3.7 years) took ...

Patients who are on hemodialysis commonly experience muscle wasting and weakness, which have a negative effect on physical functioning and quality of life. The objective of this study was to determine whether anabolic steroid administration and resistance exercise training induce anabolic effects among patients who receive maintenance hemodialysis. A randomized ...

Context: The efficacy of exercise using a flexible foil to increase strength in the shoulder rotator muscles is unknown. Objective: To compare the effects of exercises using a flexible foil (Bodyblade) with exercises using elastic bands on shoulder internal and external rotator muscle strength. Design: We used a randomized, controlled ...

PURPOSE: Weak direct currents induce lasting alterations of cortical excitability in animals and humans, which are controlled by polarity, duration of stimulation, and current strength applied. To evaluate its anticonvulsant potential, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was tested in a modified cortical ramp-stimulation model of focal epilepsy. METHODS: The threshold ...

The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effects of a combined cardiorespiratory and resistance exercise training program of short duration on the cardiorespiratory fitness, strength endurance, task specific functional muscle capacity, body composition and quality of life (QOL) in women breast cancer survivors. Sixteen subjects were randomly ...

The aim of this study is to assess how a wet environment curing affects the retention characteristics of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and also to determine the time needed for curing. MTA obturations were carried out in perforated dentine slices and cured under different conditions (presence or absence of humidity ...

The plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated form (DHEAS) decline approximately 80% between the ages of 25 and 75 yr. Muscle mass and strength also decrease with aging. Published data on the effects of DHEA replacement on muscle mass and strength are conflicting. The goals of this study ...

The effects of handedness on bimanual isofrequency coordination (e.g., phase advance of the dominant limb) have been suggested to result from an asymmetry in interlimb coupling strength, with the non-dominant limb being more strongly influenced by the dominant limb than vice versa. A formalized version of this hypothesis was tested ...

Women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increasingly demonstrate abnormalities in fat distribution and metabolism; however, the effects of a home-based exercise regimen in this group have not been investigated. We conducted a 16-week randomized intervention study of a supervised home-based progressive resistance training and aerobic exercise program in 40 ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of training either with a light load or without any load in a 16-week power-type strength training intervention in sedentary middle-aged subjects. A total of 85 subjects participated in the study. In a supervised 22-week training intervention, including ...

Strength exercise training induces a decrease in arterial distensibility, whereas endurance exercise training causes an increase in arterial distensibility. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is produced by vascular endothelial cells, has potent vasoconstrictor and proliferative activity on vascular smooth muscle cells. We hypothesized that endogenous ET-1 participates in alteration of arterial distensibility ...

We sought to determine the effects of age and chronic exercise on muscle power in older males. We examined 32 older males 60-74 years of age and grouped as sedentary (CON, n = 11), chronic endurance trained (ET, n = 10), and chronic endurance trained + resistance training (ET + ...

The etiology of exercise-induced rib stress fractures (RSFs) in elite rowers is unclear. The purpose of the study was to investigate thoracic muscle activity, movement patterns and muscle strength in elite rowers. Electromyographic (EMG) and 2-D video analysis were performed during ergometer rowing, and isokinetic muscle strength was measured in ...

The purposes of this review are to identify the factors that contribute to the transference of strength and power training to sports performance and to provide resistance-training guidelines. Using sprinting performance as an example, exercises involving bilateral contractions of the leg muscles resulting in vertical movement, such as squats and ...

PURPOSE: To examine the acute response to 2 resistance-exercise protocols performed to repetition failure, but different in load configuration, and determine whether the acute response was related to strength increases after 8 weeks of training. METHODS: Eighteen resistance-trained men completed a single session of 2 resistance-exercise protocols. The constant-load protocol ...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to assess the training and detraining effects on physiological parameters resulting from a combined strength and aerobic exercise programme in patients with coronary artery disease. DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirty male coronary artery disease patients were randomly assigned to an exercise (n = ...

This study investigated the effect of manipulating the time to complete both the concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) muscle actions during resistance training on strength, skeletal muscle properties and cortisol in women. Twenty-eight women (mean +/- SE age = 24.3 +/- 1.1 year) with strength training experience completed three training ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of long stick exercise training on the strength and flexibility of sedentary individuals. An observational prospective study was conducted at the Prince of Songkla University. Eighty-five subjects who did not engage in any regular physical activity for at least three ...

Neuromuscular training protocols that include both plyometrics and dynamic balance exercises can significantly improve biomechanics and neuromuscular performance and reduce anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of plyometrics (PLYO) versus dynamic stabilization and balance training (BAL) on power, ...

Progressive strength training can lead to substantial increases in maximal strength and mass of trained muscles, even in older women and men, but little information is available about the effects of strength training on functional capabilities and balance. Thus, the effects of 21 weeks of heavy resistance training--including lower loads ...

Athletes commonly use elastic bands as a training method to increase strength and performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of elastic bands on peak force (PF), peak power (PP), and peak rate of force development (RFD) during the back-squat exercise (BSE). Ten recreationally resistance-trained subjects ...

To measure the effect of scapular protraction on isometric shoulder rotation strength, 20 normal subjects completed 2 maximal isometric internal and external rotation contractions in 2 scapular positions (scapula neutral [SN] and scapula protracted [SP]) from 3 arm positions (90 degrees internal rotation [IR], 45 degrees internal rotation [MR], and ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of resistance training in combination with a leucine and whey protein supplement or a carbohydrate placebo on strength and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). Thirty-three men (mean age +/- SD = 22.4 +/- 2.4 years) were assigned to 1 of 3 ...

The purpose of the current study was to compare the effect of 3 different rest intervals on multiple sets of the bench press exercise performed with heavy vs. light loads. Sixteen resistance-trained men performed 2 testing sessions each week for 3 weeks. During the first testing session each week, 5 ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of 3 different rest intervals on the sustainability of squat and bench press repetitions over 5 consecutive sets performed with a 15 repetition maximum (RM)-load. Fifteen college-age men with previous resistance training experience were tested weekly over a period of ...

Strength training with low load under conditions of vascular occlusion has been proposed as an alternative to heavy-resistance exercise in the rehabilitation setting, when large forces acting upon the musculoskeletal system are unwanted. Little is known, however, about the relative intensity at which occlusion of blood flow significantly reduces dynamic ...

The objective was to determine the impact of a 1-year mixed strength-training programme on muscle function, functional ability, physical activity and life style. Twice-a-week hospital-based exercise classes and a once-a-week home session were conducted. Nineteen healthy community-dwelling training (T) men (76.6 +/- 3.1 years), 19 women (77.5 +/- 4.0 years) ...

AIM: To investigate the feasibility and effect of a home-based exercise programme on walking endurance, muscle strength, fatigue and function in people with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). METHODS: 20 adults with NMDs recruited to a control (n = 11) or exercise (n = 9) group were assessed by blinded assessors at ...

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the effect of steadiness training with light loads in the knee extensors of elderly adults. METHODS: Twenty-one elderly adults (72 +/- 4.6 yr) performed 16 wk of closely supervised knee extensor training that consisted of lifting and lowering 30% of the one-repetition maximum ...

To determine the effect of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) on maximal expiratory strength, pulmonary function, and maximal voluntary cough in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) having mild to moderate disability. Before-after trial. Assessments were completed in the privacy of the subject's home or exercise physiology laboratory. Seventeen persons with ...

The aim of this study was to compare the acute neuromuscular responses during resistance exercise performed with different loading protocols. Thirteen (N=13) college-aged male subjects experienced in weight training completed two different weight training protocols involving a single elbow flexion exercise. During both protocols subjects performed three sets of the ...

Some have observed maximal strength of simultaneous bilateral homologous limb contraction is less than the sum of strengths of right and left limbs contracting alone; a phenomenon referred to as the bilateral deficit (BLD). There is controversy on whether there is a BLD for all exercises. We assessed whether a ...

OBJECTIVE: To measure lumbar extensor strength in overweight (OVW) and nonoverweight (NOVW) elderly adults before and after resistance exercise training (RX). DESIGN: Descriptive, comparative study. SETTING: University-based wellness center and research facility. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-four adults (age range, 60-83 y) were placed into 1 of 2 groups based on body mass ...

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of amino acid supplementation on muscular performance and resting hormone concentrations during resistance training overreaching. Seventeen resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to either an amino acid (AA) or a placebo (P) group and underwent 4 weeks of total-body resistance training ...

Strength training is one of the most common exercises practiced in the field of physical therapy or sports training. However, limited methodology is available to evaluate its effect on the target muscle. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that surface electromyographic (EMG) data from both isometric and isotonic exercise ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short- and long-term efficacy of exercise therapy in a warm, waist-high pool in women with fibromyalgia. METHODS: Thirty-four women (mean +/- SD tender points 17 +/- 1) were randomly assigned to either an exercise group (n = 17) to perform 3 weekly sessions of training including ...

This study examined the effects of 12 weeks of wrist and forearm training on linear bat-end velocity (BV), center of percussion velocity (CV), hand velocity (HV), and time to ball contact of high school baseball players. Forty-three baseball players were randomly assigned by a stratified sampling technique to 1 of ...

Integrated electromyography (IEMG) and performance outcomes from resistance exercise may be influenced by gender, repetition order, and contractile mode. A novel strength training apparatus employing inertial resistance operates unlike standard exercise equipment and may therefore evoke different IEMG and performance outcomes. Subjects performed 3-set, 10-repetition calf press workouts on an ...

The aim of this research was to assess the effect of a single set of contrast preloading on peak vertical displacement (PD) during a loaded countermovement jump (LCMJ) training session. Nine strength-trained males participated in 2 randomly assigned, crossover design testing sessions consisting of 5 sets of 6 repetitions of ...

PURPOSE: We determined the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation during resistance training. METHODS: Seventy-six subjects were randomized to receive CLA (5 g.d(-1)) or placebo (PLA) for 7 wk while resistance training 3 d.wk(-1). Seventeen subjects crossed over to the opposite group for an additional 7 wk. Measurements at ...

The order of resistance exercises within a training session may have a vital impact on the quality of the constituent exercises performed. However, very few studies have documented the specific influence of exercise order. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exercise order on back ...

The authors assessed the effects of resistance training and walking exercise on measures of functional fitness. Sixty-four volunteers (average age 83.5 years) from an independent-living facility were randomly assigned to walking, resistance training, or control groups. Participants in the walking and resistance-training groups engaged in two exercise sessions per week ...

We have investigated the adaptations of the cytoskeletal proteins desmin and dystrophin in relationship to known muscular adaptations of resistance exercise. We measured desmin, dystrophin, and actin protein contents, myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform distribution, muscle strength, and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) during 8 wk of progressive resistance training or ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of 11 wk of resistance training to failure vs. nonfailure, followed by an identical 5-wk peaking period of maximal strength and power training for both groups as well as to examine the underlying physiological changes in basal circulating anabolic and ...

QUESTION: Is strength training after stroke effective (ie, does it increase strength), is it harmful (ie, does it increase spasticity), and is it worthwhile (ie, does it improve activity)? DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised trials. PARTICIPANTS: Stroke participants were categorised as (i) acute, very weak, (ii) acute, weak, ...

The metabolic response to resistance exercise, in particular lactic acid or lactate, has a marked influence upon the muscular environment, which may enhance the training stimulus (e.g. motor unit activation, hormones or muscle damage) and thereby contribute to strength and power adaptation. Hypertrophy schemes have resulted in greater lactate responses ...

Regular physical activity is usually associated with significant health benefits, but therapeutic exercise is seldom routine in renal transplant recipients. We report a randomized clinical trial of exercise training after renal transplantation. Sixty-nine patients were randomly recruited on the first or second day after kidney transplantation into two groups: exercise ...

Quantified trunk rotational strength training has shown promise as a non-operative management option for individuals with AIS. The purposes of our study are to test whether a quantified trunk rotational strength training protocol can increase trunk strength and stabilize or decrease curve size. Seven adolescents with AIS (5 female 2 ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 5-wk unilateral, isometric strength-training program on plasticity in the spinal Hoffmann (H-) reflex in both the trained and untrained legs. Sixteen participants, 22-42 yr old, were assigned to either a control (n = 6) or an exercise group ...

Heart failure (HF) is characterized by general muscular weakness, muscle atrophy, and exercise intolerance that lead to reductions in functional capacity, ability to perform activities of daily living, and health-related quality of life. Until recently, exercise programs for patients with HF were centered on aerobic exercise training alone. Although many ...