The prevalence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is ~30% and this source of right-to-left shunt could result in greater pulmonary gas exchange impairment at rest and during exercise. The aim of this work was to determine if individuals with an asymptomatic PFO (PFO+) have greater pulmonary gas exchange inefficiency ...

Farinatti, PTV, Brandão, C, Soares, PPS, and Duarte, AFA. Acute effects of stretching exercise on the heart rate variability in subjects with low flexibility levels. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-The study investigated the heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) before, during, and after stretching exercises performed ...

To compare differences between two different rest interval lengths between sets on the volume completed, muscle damage and muscle soreness during a resistance exercise bout. Twenty-eight healthy sedentary men (18 ± 1 y old) volunteered to participate in this study and were divided into the 1 min (1RI; n = ...

The aim of this study was to detect any relationship between serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum amyloid-associated protein (SAA) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, and reversible myocardial ischaemia during cardiovascular exercise tests and to determine whether these biomarkers could predict transient myocardial ischaemia. Ninety-six patients (36 ...

: To examine the effect of ingestion of omega-3 (N-3) fatty acids on the production of interleukin (IL) 6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, prostaglandin (PG) E2, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin (Mb) during an eccentric exercise program. : A randomized, double-blinded, repeated measures design was used ...

Background: Exercise test parameters (exercise ankle brachial index (ABI), walking distance and blood pressure response) separately are associated with long-term outcome in patients with known or suspected peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, the clinical value of the combination of these parameters together is unknown. Methods: 2165 patients performed a treadmill ...

The effect of an i. v. infusion of somatostatin (SRIH) 4.1 μg/min×90 min on the basal secretion of NPY and on the NPY response to physical exercise was studied in normal men. Basal NPY secretion was not modified by SRIH infusion, whereas the NPY response to physical exercise was significantly ...

: To test the hypothesis that 2 types of custom-made mouthguards will have no effect on ventilation (&OV0312;E, L·min), oxygen uptake (&OV0312;O2, mL·kg·min·), and heart rate (beats per minutes) at varying exercise intensities (10 km·h and 12 km·h) and at subjective maximal effort (&OV0312;O2peak) in male field hockey and water ...

Exercise training is an effective intervention for treating and preventing hypertension, but its effects on heart rate (HR) response to exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of non-hypertensive offspring of hypertensive parents (FH+) has not been studied. We compared the effects of three times per week equal-volume high-intensity aerobic interval (AIT) ...

The ability to modulate sympathetic α-adrenergic vasoconstriction in contracting muscle is impaired with age. In young adults, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been shown to blunt sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness similar to exercise. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that modulation of postjunctional α-adrenergic vasoconstriction to exogenous ATP is impaired in ageing humans.We ...

Aim:  The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that interleukin-6 plays a role in exercise-induced PGC-1α and TNFα mRNA responses in skeletal muscle and to examine the potential IL-6 mediated AMPK regulation in these responses. Methods:  Whole body IL-6 knockout and wildtype (WT) male mice (4 ...

Volume overload of the pulmonary circulation in patients with atrial septal defect (ASD)-type secundum causes pulmonary vascular disease over a long period of time. This study aimed at (1) evaluating pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and (2) investigating the relation between PVR and exercise capacity in patients with open and closed ...

Background: Even after excellent repair of aortic coarctation without restenosis there are limitations in exercise capacity at long-term follow-up. This study was performed to assess the contribution of inherited genomic polymorphisms to exercise capacity in patients without restenosis. Patients and methods: 122 patients aged 17-72 years, 46 female, 76 male, ...

Exercise counteracts insulin resistance and improves glucose homeostasis in many ways. Apart from increasing muscle glucose uptake quickly, exercise also clearly increases muscle insulin sensitivity in the post exercise period. This review will focus on the mechanisms responsible for this increased insulin sensitivity. It is believed that increased sarcolemmal content ...

BACKGROUND: The clinical value of exercise ankle brachial index (ABI) is still unclear, especially in patients with normal resting ABI. METHOD: 2164 patients performed a single-stage treadmill exercise test to diagnose or evaluate PAD. The population was divided into two groups: a normal resting ABI (resting ABI≥0.90) and PAD (resting ...

Exercise has the potential to alleviate the resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake precipitated by elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) in conditions such as obesity, lipid infusion, and starvation. In this study, 6 lean healthy men underwent two 3-day periods of starvation with either no exercise or daily endurance exercise ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and severity of mechanical ventilatory constraints in healthy prepubescent children during continuous and intermittent exercise. METHODS: Twelve prepubescent children (7-11 years old) performed 7 exercises on a treadmill: one graded test for the determination of maximal aerobic speed (MAS), ...

Ceramide accumulation has been implicated in the impairment of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle following saturated fatty acid (FA) exposure. Importantly, a single bout of exercise can protect against acute lipid-induced insulin resistance. The mechanism by which exercise protects against lipid-induced insulin resistance is not completely known, but may ...

Hyperammonaemia is related to both central and peripheral fatigue during exercise. Hyperammonaemia in response to exercise can be reduced through supplementation with either amino acids or combined keto analogues and amino acids (KAAA). In the present study, we determined the effect of short-term KAAA supplementation on ammonia production in subjects ...

To address the yield of routine exercise stress testing as a screening tool for subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A cross-sectional study in a university hospital. Of 380 consecutive patients with OSA, data from 206 subjects (mean apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ...

INTRODUCTION:: The magnitude and duration of the elevation in resting energy expenditure following vigorous exercise have not been measured in a metabolic chamber. This study investigated the effects of inserting a 45-min vigorous cycling bout into the daily schedule versus a controlled resting day on 24-h energy expenditure in a ...

We examined the hypothesis that congruence between motivational dominance and state results in optimal psychological responses and performance during exercise. Twenty participants (10 telic dominant and 10 paratelic dominant) rated their stress at 5 min intervals as they cycled on an ergometer at gas exchange threshold for 30 min in both telic ...

We examined the effects of concomitant increases in crank rate and power output on incremental arm crank ergometry. Ten healthy males undertook three incremental upper body exercise tests to volitional exhaustion. The first test determined peak minute power. The subsequent tests involved arm cranking at an initial workload of 40% ...

This study assessed the extent of aerobic system activation in young adolescents and men during heavy continuous (HC), short-interval (SI), and long-interval (LI) aerobic exercise protocols, and compared this response between the 2 age groups in the 3 protocols. Ten young adolescents (aged 13.2 ± 0.3 years) and 10 men (aged 21.0 ± 1.6 years) ...

We tested the hypotheses that 1) the compensatory vasodilatation in skeletal muscle during hypoxic exercise is attenuated in ageing humans and 2) local inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in the forearm of ageing humans will have less impact on the compensatory dilatation during rhythmic exercise with hypoxia, due to ...

VIF-CAD randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was an attempt to induce therapeutic angiogenesis by percutaneous intramyocardial transfer of bicistronic (vascular endothelial growth factor/fibroblast growth factor [VEGF/FGF]) plasmid (pVIF) in patients with refractory heart ischemia. Myocardial perfusion, clinical symptoms, exercise tolerance, left ventricular function, and safety were assessed. Fifty-two patients with refractory ...

Mandroukas, A, Heller, J, Metaxas, TI, Sendelides, T, Riganas, C, Vamvakoudis, E, Christoulas, K, Stefanidis, P, Karagiannis, V, Kyparos, A, and Mandroukas, K. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic alterations during exercise and passive recovery after three modes of exercise. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-The objective of this study was to ...

OBJECTIVE Slow heart rate recovery (HRR) predicts all-cause mortality. This study investigated the relationship between silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) and HRR in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study enrolled 87 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes and no chest symptoms. They underwent treadmill exercise testing and single-photon ...

An acute bout of exercise induces repression of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle due in part to reduced signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Previous studies have shown that upregulated expression of regulated in DNA damage and development (REDD) 1 and 2 is an important mechanism ...

We hypothesized that increased oxidative stress and disrupted redox balance may be predisposing factors and markers for overreaching (OR). PURPOSE:: To examine whether oxidative stress markers and antioxidant status and physical fitness are related to overreaching during an 8-week military basic training (BT) period. METHODS:: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status ...

The aim of the present study was to examine whether amount of oral antimicrobial components, human β-defensin-2 (HBD-2), cathelicidin (LL-37), and immunoglobulin A (IgA), might be affected by prolonged strenuous exercise. Ten young male volunteers either exercised on recumbent ergometer at 75% [Formula: see text] for 60 min (exercise session) or ...

Context: The mechanisms behind the positive effects of physical activity on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and the time course of the effects need to be more elucidated. Objective: The aim was to examine the prolonged effects of an acute bout of one-legged exercise on local skeletal muscle glucose utilization ...

Obesity-induced endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress has been demonstrated to underlie the induction of obesity-induced JNK and NF-κB activation inflammatory responses, and generation of peripheral insulin resistance. On the other hand, exercise has been used as a crucial tool in obese and diabetic patients, and may reduce inflammatory pathway stimulation. However, ...

We investigated whether exercise provides beneficial effects to attenuate intermittent hypoxia (IH)-induced myocardial apoptosis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control (CON), IH, exercise (EXE) or IH interspersed with EXE (IHEXE). IH rats were exposed to repetitive hypoxia-reoxygenation cycles (30 s of 5% O(2); 45 s of 21% O(2), ...

A recent report indicated that variations in myocardial functional (systolic and diastolic) responses to exercise do not contribute to inter-individual differences in aerobic fitness (peak VO(2)) among young males. This study was designed to investigate the same question among adolescent females. Thirteen highly fit adolescent football (soccer) players (peak VO(2) ...

We sought to determine the differential prognosis of patients with a normal single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) perfusion study by type of stress modality. Even with a normal SPECT perfusion study, patients selected for adenosine stress have a worse survival than those selected for exercise stress. In patients who are ...

This study tested whether cerebral oxygenation affects cognitive function during exercise. We measured reaction times (RT) of 12 participants while they performed a modified version of the Eriksen flanker task, at rest and while cycling. In the exercise condition, participants performed the cognitive task at rest and while cycling at ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Atenolol is a beta-1 adrenergic antagonist commonly prescribed for the treatment of systemic hypertension or coronary artery disease yet its use in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is controversial due to potentially negative side effects on insulin resistance. Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) metabolism is altered ...

Limited information is available regarding cerebral vascular responses to dynamic exercise in older adults. We examined the influence of age on exercise-induced changes in the critical closing pressure (CCP) of the cerebral vasculature. Twelve young and older subjects performed two bouts of steady-state cycling at low and moderate intensities (30% ...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of short-term glucocorticoid treatment on plasma amino acids, free fatty acids, blood glucose, and several hormones in healthy volunteers performing long-lasting exercise. 9 young female subjects exercised 2 h at 50-55% VO (2) max twice, once after placebo (Pla) ingestion ...

This study investigated the effect of heat stress (HS) on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling involved in translation initiation after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle. Eight young male subjects performed four sets of six maximal repetitions of knee extension exercises, with or without HS, in a randomized crossover ...

This study compared the fat metabolism between 'a single bout of 30-min exercise' and 'three bouts of 10-min exercise' of the same intensity (60% maximal oxygen uptake) and total exercise duration (30 min). Nine healthy men participated in three trials: (1) a single 30-min bout of exercise (Single), (2) three 10-min ...

BACKGROUND: Adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have resting abnormal large artery haemodynamics. Here, we obtain further insight in patients with CF by evaluating haemodynamic response to physiological stress. METHODS: Thirty-six stable CF patients mean (SD) age 28.9 (9.0)years and 25 controls matched for age, gender and body mass index ...

With advancing age there is a reduction in exercise tolerance resulting, in part, from a perturbed ability to match O(2) delivery (QO(2)) to uptake (VO(2)) within skeletal muscle. In the spinotrapezius muscle (which is not recruited during incline treadmill running) of aged rats, we tested the hypotheses that exercise training ...

Background: Inappropriate internal cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapies may result from T-wave oversensing (TWOS) during exertion in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of an exercise treadmill test to predict inappropriate ICD therapies secondary to TWOS. Methods: Eligible pediatric ICD recipients underwent exercise-stress testing with concomitant ...

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of high-intensity intermittent exercise and carbohydrate supplementation on cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in soccer players. Twelve elite soccer players were selected and divided equally into three groups of carbohydrate (CHO), placebo (P) and control (C). Blood ...

Objective: To examine whether-and why-people underestimate how much they enjoy exercise. Design: Across four studies, 279 adults predicted how much they would enjoy exercising, or reported their actual feelings after exercising. Main Outcome Measures: Main outcome measures were predicted and actual enjoyment ratings of exercise routines, as well as intention ...

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is a specialized exercise assessment that provides valuable information in a number of patient populations. Physicians are often familiar with standard exercise testing procedures (i.e., the cardiac stress test) and, therefore, appropriately refer patients with signs/symptoms suggestive of myocardial ischemia. However, the procedures surrounding referral for ...

Exercise is a classic trigger of ventricular arrhythmias in the setting of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to examine the changes of novel indexes of repolarization in patients with stable CAD who underwent exercise stress testing. Sixty-seven consecutive patients (mean age 62 ± 9 years, ...

Aim: Increased sodium/calcium exchanger activity (NCX1, an important regulator of cardiomyocyte cystolic calcium) may provoke arrhythmias. Exercise training can decrease NCX1 expression in animals with heart failure improving cytosolic calcium regulation, and could thereby reduce the risk for ventricular fibrillation (VF). Methods: To test this hypothesis, a 2-min coronary occlusion ...