Ghrelin, the only known appetite-stimulating hormone in humans, may be one factor involved in increased appetite, cravings and food intake following weight loss. Innovative strategies for suppressing ghrelin and decreasing appetite during weight loss maintenance are needed. Recent research has highlighted relationships between ghrelin, stress and lifestyle factors. The purposes ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:/b> Adults with cerebral palsy (CP) are at risk for decreased mobility and health complications, and exercise may combat some of these negative changes. Because people with CP have difficulty generating sufficient muscle force, exercise augmented with functional electrical stimulation (FES) is an option for increasing exercise intensity. ...

BACKGROUND: . No single intervention restores the coordinated components of gait after stroke. OBJECTIVE: . The authors tested the multimodal Gait Training Protocol, with or without functional electrical stimulation (FES), to improve volitional walking (without FES) in patients with persistent (>6 months) dyscoordinated gait. METHODS: . A total of 53 ...

: This study evaluated exercise-related predictors of successful long-term weight control in women by analyzing the extent to which sustained exercise participation and self-determination theory (SDT)-based exercise motivation variables mediated the impact of a behavioral weight control intervention on 3-yr weight change. : Longitudinal randomized controlled trial consisting of a ...

: Overweight and obese subjects often perceive increased breathlessness during minor exertion and therefore avoid exercise. Respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) can reduce the perception of breathlessness. We hypothesized that RMET 1 month before and during a 6-month (3 months supervised + 3 months unsupervised) exercise and nutrition counseling program ...

Purpose. We assessed the exercise tolerance and cardiorespiratory responses during 2-month weight-loss programmes using the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) in obese children. Methods. Twenty-eight male obese children were randomly assigned to either a control group (C), an energy restriction group (R), an exercise training at maximum lipid-oxidation (LIPOXmax) group (E), or an energy ...

We aimed at determining the recovery pattern of neural properties of soleus muscle after a single bout of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) session. Thirteen subjects performed an NMES exercise (75 Hz, 40 contractions, 6.25 s per contraction). Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), H-reflex at rest and during voluntary contraction fixed at 60% of ...

Obesity and insulin resistance are rapidly expanding public health problems. These disturbances are related to many diseases, including heart pathology. Acting through the Akt/mTOR pathway, insulin has numerous and important physiological functions, such as the induction of growth and survival of many cell types and cardiac hypertrophy. However, obesity and ...

The purpose of this study was to compare one-repetition maximum (1-RM) and muscle activity in three chest-press exercises with different stability requirements (Smith machine, barbell, and dumbbells). Twelve healthy, resistance-trained males (age 22.7 ± 1.7 years, body mass 78.6 ± 7.6 kg, stature 1.80 ± 0.06 m) were tested for 1-RM of the three chest-press exercises in counterbalanced ...

High-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation increases exercise tolerance in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD patients). However, it is conceivable that its benefits are more prominent in patients with better-preserved peripheral muscle function and structure. To investigate the effects of high-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation in COPD patients with better-preserved ...

We established that hyperreflexia is delayed after spinal transection in the adult rat and that passive exercise could normalize low frequency-dependent depression of the H-reflex. We were also able to show that such passive exercise will normalize hyperreflexia in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Recent results demonstrate that spinal ...

This is a demonstration of how electrical models can be used to characterize biological membranes. This exercise also introduces biophysical terminology used in electrophysiology. The same equipment is used in the membrane model as on live preparations. Some properties of an isolated nerve cord are investigated: nerve action potentials, recruitment ...

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation over acupoints (Acu-TENS) facilitates recovery of resting heart rate after treadmill exercise in healthy subjects. Its effect on postexercise respiratory indices has not been reported. This study investigates the effect of Acu-TENS on forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of rest time (ten minutes) on muscular strength production during a training session under electrical stimulation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The isometric force output of the quadriceps femoris muscle was recorded during four sessions of stimulation of five minutes (15 ...

The present study aimed to investigate neurophysiologic mechanisms mediating the newly discovered phenomenon of respiratory-motor interactions and to explore its potential clinical application for motor recovery. First, young and healthy subjects were instructed to breathe normally (NORM); to exhale (OUT) or inhale (IN) as fast as possible in a self-paced ...

Heavy exercise causes gut symptoms and, in extreme cases, 'heat stroke' partially due to increased intestinal permeability of luminal toxins. We examined bovine colostrum, a natural source of growth factors, as a potential moderator of such effects. Twelve volunteers completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, protocol (14 days colostrum/placebo) prior to ...

Background and Purpose. Today, it is known that adults suffering from obesity benefit from physical activity. There is however lack of research with regard to how patients with severe obesity experience physical activity. It is important to explore this topic in order to be able to improve communication with and to ...

Childhood obesity rates have risen alarmingly for decades, and although recent data suggest a possible plateau, obesity is seen in ever younger children, and is increasingly severe. The proximal cause of obesity is energy imbalance; the root cause is modern living. Throughout most of human history, calories were relatively scarce ...

To examine the relationship between energy intake, appetite control and exercise, with particular reference to longer term exercise studies. This approach is necessary when exploring the benefits of exercise for weight control, as changes in body weight and energy intake are variable and reflect diversity in weight loss. Recent evidence ...

Although exercise is related to weight loss, minimal energy expenditures typical in deconditioned persons explain only small portions of this reduction. Thus, it has been suggested that exercise-induced changes in psychological variables associated with appropriate eating may be mediators. Adults with obesity (N = 106; Mean BMI = 42.0; SD ...

The global incidence and prevalence of obesity continue to increase, with the fastest rate of increase in the developing world. Obesity is associated with many chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some cancers. Weight loss can reduce the risk of developing these diseases and can be achieved ...

The National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) was established in 1993 to examine characteristics of successful weight-loss maintainers. This group consistently self-reports high levels of physical activity. The aims of this study were to obtain objective assessments of physical activity in NWCR subjects and compare this to physical activity in both ...

Physical activity plays a major role in the development and management of obesity. High levels of physical activity provide an advantage in maintaining energy balance at a healthy weight, but the amount of exercise needed to produce weight loss and weight loss maintenance may be difficult to achieve in obese ...

This study aimed to validate the effects of a simplified, gentle form of t'ai chi chuan in patients with type 2 diabetes and who are also obese. The study was designed to be a randomized controlled trial. This study was conducted in the department of metabolism and endocrinology at Cheng ...

The effects of 30 min of exercise on postprandial lipaemia in the overweight and obese are unknown as previous studies have only investigated bouts of at least 60 min in lean, healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a single 30-min bout of resistance, aerobic or ...

The aims of the present study were to assess in obese and lean boys 1) the hemodynamic responses and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) to isometric handgrip exercise (HG) and recovery and 2) the muscle metaboreflex-induced blood pressure response and the variables that determine this response. Twenty-seven boys (14 obese and 13 ...

Experiences with weight stigma negatively impact both psychological outcomes (e.g., body dissatisfaction, depression) and behavioral outcomes (e.g., dieting, exercise). However, not everyone is equally affected by experiences with weight stigma. This study examined whether internalized societal attitudes about weight moderated the impact of weight stigma. Adult participants (n = 111) ...

The purpose of this study was to examine back muscle activity during 3 traditional mat Pilates exercises. Eleven healthy female volunteers, aged between 18 and 30 years, participated in this cross-sectional study. Surface electromyography (sEMG) of lumbar extensor muscles was recorded simultaneously with kinematics data to identify the phases of ...

In this study, we wished to determine whether 30 min of moderate-intensity exercise, corresponding to minimal recommended guidelines, attenuates post-prandial capillary triacylglycerol concentrations in obese men. Ten middle-aged, centrally obese men (age 46+2 years, body mass index 31.6+1.0 kg · m⁻², waist circumference 104.6+2.2 cm) completed two 2-day trials (exercise ...

In both developed and developing countries, increased prevalence of obesity has been strongly associated with increased incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the adult population. Previous research has emphasized the importance of physical activity in the prevention and management of obesity and T2DM, and generic exercise guidelines originally ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of a 10-week exercise program with ingestion of caffeine and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on body composition, cardiovascular fitness, and strength in overweight and obese women. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled approach, overweight and obese women (n = 27) were randomly assigned ...

Objective:Although increased blood flow (BF) in exercising muscles is thought to be impaired in obese subjects and may contribute to physical inactivity, data are scarce in this regard and the involvement of endothelium dysfunction remains partly hypothetical.Methods:A total of 16 middle-aged obese men (body mass index, BMI30 kg m(-2)) and 16 normal-weight ...

Research on obese adults has shown that their ventilatory dynamics differ from normal weight adults; however, the ventilatory dynamics of obese and non-obese children have never been documented. Thus, the ventilatory responses of 73 overweight youth (BMI >85th percentile) were compared to 73 age, sex and height-matched normal weight youth ...

BACKGROUND: Elevated circulating levels of soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (sLOX-1) have been observed in obese persons and are reduced by weight loss. However, it is not known whether combining caloric restriction (CR) with exercise training is better in reducing sLOX-1 levels than CR alone. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether ...

There has been a significant increase in obesity in the United States over the past 20 years. Reports in the literature identify the association of obesity-related osteoarthritis and the likelihood of future total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in this patient population. However, little is known about ...

OBJECTIVES: To measure cardiac function before and after 3 months of aerobic interval training in obese adolescents and to compare the findings with those in lean counterparts. DESIGN: Exercise intervention study. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and maximal oxygen uptake by ergospirometry. SETTING: The obese adolescents were referred from ...

BACKGROUND: Psychological and behavioral characteristics that predict success or failure with weight-loss treatments are poorly understood. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess whether social cognitive theory-based factors discriminate between women who are successful and unsuccessful at weight loss. METHOD: Obese women (BMI = 30 to 45 kg/m(2)) ...

Obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). At entry into cardiac rehabilitation (CR), more than 80% of patients are overweight and more than 50% have the metabolic syndrome. Yet, CR programs do not generally include weight loss programs as a programmatic component and ...

Objective:Increased respiratory muscle work is associated with dyspnea and poor exercise tolerance in obese patients. We evaluated the effect of respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) on respiratory muscle capacities, symptoms and exercise capacity in obese patients.Design:A total of 20 obese patients hospitalized for 26±6 days to follow a low-calorie diet ...

Evaluate the effect of diet, physical exercise, and a daily oral intake of a soy isoflavones extract (Fisiogen(®)) contained 200mg of Glycine max, which corresponded to 80mg of isoflavone (60.8mg of genistein, 16mg of daidzein and 3.2mg of glicitein) on leptin and other adipokines plasma levels in healthy obese postmenopausal ...

Emerging literature highlights the need to incorporate physical activity into every strategy intended to prevent weight gain as well as to maintain weight loss over time. Furthermore, physical activity should be part of any plan to lose weight. The stimulus of exercise provides valuable metabolic adaptations that improve energy and ...

Ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) are brain-gut peptides that have a variety of physiological functions and are involved in energy regulation. Thus far, abnormalities in the expression and secretion of ghrelin and PYY are known to occur in lifestyle-related diseases, including obesity, and the improvement of these abnormalities has become ...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease and there is a need for treatments that can be provided for the course of the disease with minimal adverse side effects. Exercise is a safe intervention in patients with knee OA with few contraindications or adverse events. Obesity is the most modifiable ...

The purpose of this study was to assess differences in the levels of plasma visfatin among female adolescents and changes in plasma visfatin and insulin resistance in obese female adolescents after 12 wk of aerobic exercise training. Twenty normal-weight female students (body-mass index [BMI] < 22.9 kg/m² and body fat ...

The aims of this study were to evaluate obesity-related dietary behaviors and to determine long-term exercise effects on obesity and blood lipid profiles in elderly Korean subjects. A total of 120 subjects, aged 60-75 yr, were recruited, and obesity-related dietary behaviors were determined. An exercise intervention was conducted with 35 ...

Neuroadrenergic abnormalities, including a predominant activity of parasympathetic nerve and blunted hormone secretion, are recognized in the overweight patients. This study aimed to examine whether the "Senobi" breathing method, a stretch-breathing exercise that we have developed, could activate or recover sympathetic nervous system activity that leads to the loss of ...

The study investigated the effectiveness of home-based exercise combined with a slight caloric restriction on weight change during 12 months in non-obese women. A randomized clinical trial with a factorial design was conducted from 2003 to 2005. Two hundred three middle-aged women (Rio de Janeiro/Brazil), 25-45 years, were randomly assigned ...

As pediatric obesity is commonly viewed as the result of an excessively positive energy balance, preventive efforts typically emphasize reduction of energy intake, with increases in physical activity (PA) having a supporting role. However, recent research that has focused on body composition rather than weight has found that PA stimulates ...

Prospective studies have shown that chronic low-grade inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of the most common chronic diseases and in particular CVD. Obesity has repeatedly been associated with moderately raised levels of inflammation, and this observation has led to the view that obesity is characterised by a state of ...

Amateur wrestling at the high school and collegiate level in the United States often involves exercise and thermal dehydration as well as food and fluid restriction to "make weight". Available evidence suggests this is the opposite of what is optimal for high-intensity exercise performance. A high-intensity taper will substantially improve ...