The hypothesis that smoking has an acute effect on treadmill exercise performance in patients with peripheral vascular disease was investigated in a crossover trial. Twelve patients with stable intermittent claudication who were regular smokers attended on two occasions within one week and treadmill tests were performed after 1/2, 1, 1 ...

The role of marijuana delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content in controlling marijuana smoking behavior was examined in ten regular marijuana smokers. Each subject was allowed to self-administer marijuana of low, medium or high THC content freely over a 30-min period. Each potency of marijuana was color coded, and subjects smoked each potency ...

Twenty-five elderly patients with peripheral vascular disease and intermittent claudication were prospectively followed during a six-month session of physical training. Neuroendocrine and metabolic patterns as well as effects on walking performance were assessed during the training period. At the initial evaluation there was an inverse association between walking distance and ...

Shock absorption (SA) is a simple way to reduce the body load and can be used in the prevention and treatment of injuries. The heel pad is the most important shock absorber in the shoe heel complex. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the SA at heel ...

Transcutaneous oxygen tension during exercise (TcPo2 exercise profile) was measured on the foot in 10 patients before reconstructive vascular surgery and 9 and 18 months later. The preoperative TcPo2 exercise profiles were abnormal in all 10 patients. In 9 of the patients the reconstructions were successful. In these patients the ...

Patients with intermittent claudication were used as a clinical model to study the effects of transient episodes of ischaemia. Compared with age and sex matched controls significantly greater increases in serum lipid peroxides and urinary microalbumin occurred after exercise. These results suggest that even relatively minor ischaemic episodes, as occur ...

The effects of two potent vasodilating drugs, captopril (C) (25 mg tid), nicardipine (N) (20 mg tid), and placebo (P) were evaluated and compared, in 10 men (mean age of sixty-five years) with intermittent claudication from moderate to severe multilevel chronic occlusive arterial disease (COAD) of the lower extremity, by ...

Platelet activation, with subsequent formation of thromboxane A2 (TxA2), is thought to play a role in the development of arterial occlusion. In patients with severe atherosclerosis of the lower limbs, characterized by leg ulcers and rest pain, the basal formation of TxA2 and prostacyclin (PGI2) is increased. Corresponding data in ...

Intermittent claudication is associated with adaptation in muscle metabolism. This study has evaluated the metabolism of amino acids at rest and during non-steady state exercise in patients with arterial insufficiency of at least six months duration in comparison with matched control individuals. The exchange of amino acids were measured during ...

Seventeen men with peripheral arterial insufficiency and intermittent claudication (maximum walking tolerance less than 1000 m) underwent a bypass operation (group A, n = 8) or carried out simple exercises (repeated heel-raising) at home (group B, n = 9). The effects of treatment on the isokinetic performance of the plantar ...

By repeated measurements in each of ten normal subjects and ten patients with mild intermittent claudication, the performance of three transcutaneous oxygen tension (PtcO2) test in the diagnosis of obliterative peripheral arterial disease was studied. PtcO2 resting value, PtcO2 response to oxygen breathing and PtcO2 reperfusion response after tourniquet obstruction ...

This study examines different clinical parameters and the occurrence of macular degeneration in a series of 110 patients with angioid streaks of the fundus. Among the parameters considered were: age of the patient at the time of ocular diagnosis, associated systemic disease, optic nerve drusen, peau d'orange appearance in the ...

The transcutaneous oxygen monitor was used in the vascular laboratory to give an objective measurement of the severity of arteriosclerotic disease in patients presenting with intermittent claudication. With the electrode operating at 44 degrees C on the leg, patients and normal volunteers performed treadmill exercises. It was observed that the ...

Forty-two stable patients with claudication were assigned to two groups. Group I (n = 22) was submitted to regular, standardized treadmill exercise for 2 months. During this time the maximal and pain-free walking distances increased significantly (more than 100%). Group II (n = 20) patients did not exercise over the ...

Recent research indicates that individuals differ in their physiological reactions to nicotine, some showing strong increases in heart rate within 1 min of beginning to smoke and others showing little or no heart rate change with smoking. In the present research, monitoring of the respiratory rates of these two types ...

Iliocaval compression syndrome is a significant disorder in a number of patients who have lower extremity venous complaints. The diagnosis may be suspected by positive findings on exercise strain gauge venous plethysmography and unilaterally increased ambulatory venous pressures. The diagnosis is confirmed by ascending and, in some instances, descending venography ...

The distribution between carnitine and the acyl derivatives of carnitine reflects changes in the metabolic state of a variety of tissues. Patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) develop skeletal muscle ischemia with exertion. This impairment in oxidative metabolism during exercise may result in the generation of acylcarnitines. To test this ...

We investigated the behavior of beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF 4) during exercise--upright bicycle ergometry--in 30 patients (median age, 62.4 years) with arteriographically proven peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) in a chronic stable phase. In 15 patients the exercise study was done twice; the second time was concurrent ...

The venous function has been assessed after deep vein thrombosis (DVT) by Doppler, strain gauge plethysmography (55 patients) and exercise plethysmography (10 patients) for a mean period of 63 weeks. Venous volume and venous outflow remain significantly lower throughout the study, whatever the site of thrombosis and the initial therapy ...

Ten patients with Stage II chronic arterial occlusive disease (intermittent claudication) took part in a randomized, intraindividual crossover study involving acute intravenous administration of 200 mg pentoxifylline or physiological saline solution (placebo). The tissue oxygen tension (pO2) response (pO2 kinetics) following treatment with placebo revealed a nominal but statistically nonsignificant ...

The effect of physical training on the post-exercise blood pressure reaction in the ankle was studied in 63 patients with intermittent claudication but without angina pectoris. After three months of supervised training the maximal walking distance increased by 67% and the pain-free walking distance by 73%. Compared with that after ...

213 paired tcpO2/paO2-data and 186 paired tcSO2/SaO2-data measured in 25 newborns (10 term, 15 prematures) were compared. The correlation coefficient for tcpO2/paO2 was 0.796, for tcSO2/SaO2 0.944. Sensitivity for discriminating between normo- and hypoxemia (paO2 less than 50 torr) was 82% for the tcpO2- and 88% for the tcSO2-method. Positive ...

A man riding a stationary bicycle experienced transient tight sensations around the head of his penis during the exercise and progressive impairment of sexual potency over a period of more than one year. Lowering the bicycle seat terminated the bouts of impaired penile sensation, and one month after the patient ...

Transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) and arterial PO2 (PaO2) were compared during exercise in six patients with pulmonary emphysema. For calibration purposes, the tcPO2 electrode was first attached to the skin and after stabilisation its reading was adjusted to correspond to the PO2 of an initial arterial blood sample. It was shown ...

Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) was measured on the foot at rest and during exercise in supine position in 21 clinically healthy controls and in 17 patients with intermittent claudication. All patients had ankle pressure greater than 50 mmHg and arteriographically proven peripheral vascular disease. Resting TcPO2 was significantly lower in ...

Using skin-surface sensors, transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPo2) has been measured at the edges of ulcers and at control sites proximal to wounds on the same legs. TcPo2 at 43 degrees C at the edges of venous ulcers was found to be significantly different (P less than 0.003) from that of ...

A treadmill exercise test is used in many vascular laboratories to measure the claudication time and the total walking time of patients with intermittent claudication. Three hundred and nine consecutive outpatients in the peripheral arterial disease clinic were assessed on the treadmill. Fifty-nine were unable to walk on it at ...

Eleven men with claudication and ten control subjects had calf muscle metabolism studied at rest and during exercise and the subsequent recovery period by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectroscopy. The muscle of patients with severe claudication had a significantly greater depletion of phosphocreatine and fall in pH during exercise ...

The effect of continuous i.v. infusion of pentoxifylline, administering 1,200 mg/24 hours through 15 days, was studied in 22 patients (19 m, 3 f) with arteriographically confirmed extensive occlusion in the femoro-popliteal segment, associated with marked intermittent claudication and rest pain of varying severity. The following parameters were used for ...

The diagnostic value of different parameters derived from the Doppler velocity curve recorded at the ankle was analysed in a population of 432 subjects. To document the presence or absence of obliterative arterial diseases in the lower limbs, systolic blood pressure measurements were made and oscillography before and after exercise ...

Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) was monitored during maximal exercise in 10 patients with stable moderate to severe claudication. The TcPO2 fell by 16% at the onset of claudication and 32% at the maximum walking distance. On resting this decrease reached a maximum of 66% roughly four minutes after exercise. This ...

ECG monitoring during treadmill exercise testing was performed in a prospective series of 105 consecutive patients with intermittent claudication scheduled for peripheral vascular surgery. ECG monitoring during the exercise test was useful in predicting perioperative cardiac complications. In 55 patients with evidence of coronary artery disease by history and ECG ...

Intermittent claudication, leg pain during a graded exercise test (GXT), and resting systolic pressures in the upper and lower extremities were recorded as indicators of peripheral arterial disease at visit 2 of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Prevalence Study. Systolic pressures of the upper and lower extremities were measured in ...

Subjective evaluation of hemodynamics by stress tests in claudicants should be made to establish severity of functional ischemia. As an indispensable examination of vascular laboratory, non-invasive, simple methods can only satisfy methodological conditions. The aim of this study was to apply the transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement for a non-invasive, continuous ...

Ketanserin, a serotonin2-receptor blocker, was administered intravenously (10 mg) to 10 patients suffering from unilateral intermittent claudication in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. The acute effect of the drug was studied by doppler systolic pressure (SP) measurements at arm and ankle at rest (10 min after injection) and after exercise, ...

Cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery has been recognized as a cause of arterial stenosis and calf claudication for 30 years. It is reported infrequently and its etiology remains unknown. In addition, a peculiar geographic distribution of the reported cases of this disorder has been noted, with a majority ...

The most common cause of intermittent claudication is atherosclerotic occlusive arterial disease. Differentiation of the common musculoskeletal and neurologic conditions that may mimic intermittent claudication is often possible with a careful history, but when insufficient detail is provided or multiple conditions exist, the findings on physical examination and noninvasive studies ...

As part of a continuing series of studies to investigate the variables controlling various topographical aspects of cigarette smoking, the present study examined the extent to which cigarette rod length influenced smoking. Cigarette smoking was examined under conditions in which subjects smoked cigarettes they could not see. Both puff volume ...

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of passive smoke inhalation on submaximal and maximal exercise performance. Eight female subjects ran on a motor driven treadmill for 20 min at 70% VO2max followed by an incremental change in grade until maximal work capacity was obtained. Each subject ...

Fluorescein angiographies were performed in 65 patients with peripheral uveitis. 34 subjects (52%) showed pathologic dye transit of the peripheral choroid. Fluorographic evidence of retinal involvement was high (91%), preferentially consisting in leakages from capillaries and venules. Fluorescein angiography was able to detect minute lesions and corresponded with the activity ...

Menopausal flushing can be considered as an intermittent loss of peripheral vasomotor control. Thermal entrainment testing has been used to assess the degree of peripheral vasomotor control in a preliminary study of seven women receiving oestrogen replacement therapy in the form of percutaneous cream. Significant improvement was demonstrated in the ...

Twenty-seven patients (40 extremities) with chronic venous insufficiency and 30 controls (60 extremities) were studied using noninvasive measurements of foot volume (foot mercury strain-gauge plethysmography [FMSGP]). Tests were performed with exercise (sitting) and with elevation (Trendelenburg), with and without tourniquets, to evaluate muscle pump efficiency and valvular competence. Empiric venous ...

Exercise tolerance testing has wide application in the detection and quantitation of lower-extremity claudication. Serial follow-up after operative or nonoperative therapy permits an accurate, objective assessment of the course of the disease in each limb. Unmasking of occult aortoiliac disease, identification of pseudoclaudication, and assessment of the relative contribution of ...

Transcutaneous tissue oxygen tension (PtcO2) was evaluated as a noninvasive diagnostic test for peripheral arterial insufficiency; PtcO2 was measured at rest, during exercise, and following exercise at three leg sites in 36 controls and 138 patients with exercise-induced leg pain. Resting foot PtcO2 differed significantly in controls and in patients ...

Patients with chronic iliofemoral venous obstruction may develop severe thigh pain and a sensation of tightness with vigorous exercise (venous claudication). The discomfort requires 15 to 20 minutes to subside. In the seven patients studied the venous capacitance (VC) and venous outflow (VO) are lower than those of the unaffected ...

Continuous measurements of transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) were made in 23 patients with radiological evidence of emphysema, at rest and during a maximal progressive exercise test. tcPO2 during the final phase of exercise was compared with tcPO2 at rest; the mean change (exercising minus resting value) in tcPO2 (delta tcPO2) ...

Transcutaneous PO2 measurements have been shown previously to reflect local cutaneous oxygen delivery in patients with severe peripheral arterial insufficiency. In the present studies, transcutaneous PO2 measurements indicated that exercise of the involved extremity lowered cutaneous oxygen delivery in patients with moderate peripheral arterial insufficiency (claudication). These exercise-related changes in ...

We reviewed the clinical course of 91 men with mild intermittent claudication who had been followed up for at least six months without operation. During 2.5 years' mean follow-up, 60% of the patients had more severe claudication. Actuarial analysis revealed an annual mortality of 4.5% and an annual operation rate ...

Cigarette smokers were assessed for customary smoking behavior and then were assigned a cigarette which was 0.4 mg higher or lower in nicotine and after 4 weeks, were returned to their customary brand. Biochemical indices of smoking behavior including blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), plasma nicotine, cotinine and thiocyanate (-SCN) were measured ...

Twenty-six smokers took part in a study which examined subjective and physiological effects of switching to an ultra-low yielding cigarette (0.1 mg nicotine) for 10 days. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group continued smoking their usual brand while the other group switched to the low ...