Leg volume changes were assessed in healthy volunteers by mercury strain gauge postural plethysmography in order to study the effects of different types of physical training on lower limb venous distensibility and emptying. Seven endurance trained subjects (E), seven muscle strength trained subjects (M) and seven sedentary subjects (S) were ...

Computer operators at two work sites (n = 73, n = 19) were prompted to take three 30-s and one 3-min break from computer work each hour in addition to conventional rest breaks. Some operators were asked to perform stretching exercises during the short breaks. Mood state and musculoskeletal discomfort ...

This study investigated the effectiveness of several possible exercises for performance during standing work in order to prevent lower leg swelling and relieve subjective complaints. Volume changes in the lower leg were measured using bioelectrical impedance plethysmography in 13 healthy male subjects aged 23-36 years. Subjective complaints of leg pain, ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A proposed mechanism for the pain-relieving properties of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is gating of impulses carried by group III and IV afferent nerve fibers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of TENS on the pressor response to static exercise, a response ...

Ten young (aged 23-30 years) and nine older (aged 54-59 years) healthy men with a similar size of limb muscle mass performed arm crank and leg cycle exercise for 30 min at relative exercise intensities of 50% and 75% of maximal oxygen uptake for the corresponding muscle group. In the ...

Blood flow to working skeletal muscle is usually reduced during exercise in patients with congestive heart failure. An intrinsic impairment of skeletal muscle vasodilatory capacity has been suspected as a mechanism of this muscle underperfusion during maximal exercise, but its role during submaximal exercise remains unclear. Therefore, we studied by ...

The aim of the study was to compare breathing pattern, mouth occlusion pressure, mean inspiratory flow and the ratio of mouth occlusion pressure to mean inspiratory flow at the same power output and carbon dioxide output during arm and leg incremental exercise. Mouth occlusion pressure was used as an index ...

PURPOSE: This study compares the responses of 20 male patients (mean age 51 +/- 11 years) with stable heart failure during peak and submaximal arm and leg exercise. METHODS: On day 1, subjects completed two symptom-limited graded exercise tests, one with their arms and one with their legs. On day ...

The aim of the study was to compare (1) the intensity of leg effort and dyspnea during exercise and (2) subjective limitations to performance in normal subjects, patients receiving medication for cardiac disorders, patients with pulmonary impairment, patients with pulmonary impairment who were also receiving cardiac medications, patients experiencing chest ...

Ten years after coarctation repair, 36 adolescents and young adults were studied in order to evaluate the relationship of anatomy at the resection site to blood pressure and arm-leg and Doppler gradients. The patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), exercise testing, and continuous wave (CW) Doppler echocardiography. On MRI, residual ...

Seventeen years after coarctation repair, 36 patients were studied by magnetic resonance imaging and exercise testing to measure residual anatomical stenosis and hormonal response to exercise, and to evaluate their effect on arm-leg gradients and on exercise hypertension. The systolic arm pressure, leg pressure and arm-leg gradient were measured at ...

The primary purpose of the study was to compare maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) in resistance-trained (RT), endurance-trained (ET), and untrained men (UT). A secondary purpose was to determine the influence of leg muscle mass (MM) on MAOD by examining the relationship between MM and MAOD and by comparing MAOD ...

Since leg muscles receive the majority of cardiac output and consume a large proportion of total oxygen consumption (VO2) during cycle exercise, maximum leg blood flow may be an important determinant of peak VO2 (VO2peak). We investigated the relationships between parameters of active hyperemia after thigh tourniquet occlusion (alone or ...

This study examined psychometric correlates of rated perceived exertion (RPE) and perceived dyspnea (RPD) during progressive arm ergometry. Thirty female and 30 male subjects completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Profile of Mood States Questionnaire (POMS) and the Body Awareness Scale (BAS) followed by progressive arm ergometry to exhaustion. ...

The aim of the present study was to determine (i) whether the centre of gravity (CG) shift resulting from the mechanical effect of arm raising in the frontal plane is minimized in standing subjects and (ii) whether this putative minimization is affected by the support conditions (unipedal vs bipedal) and/or ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the concurrent validity of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) in subjects with hemiparesis after stroke by correlating functional balance performance on the BBS with laboratory measures of balance (center of pressure [CP] and electromyographic [EMG] activity of leg musculature during rapid arm flexion and during quiet stance). ...

Infusion of the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist terbutaline will cause an activation of the Na(+)-K+ pump that leads to lowering of plasma K+ concentration and intracellular Na+ concentration. The present study examines whether these changes will affect the K+ homeostasis during subsequent exercise. Two-legged knee-extension exercise was carried out at low ...

The present study aimed to determine whether vasoconstriction in active calf occurring during combined exercise diminished or persisted when added low- and high-intensity elbow flexion exercise ceased and single leg exercise continued. Six active women (mean age, 21.2 years) participated in this study. During 10-min plantar flexion exercise at 10% ...

The use of isokinetic equipment and the leg press exercise have been major components of rehabilitation for the past several years when redeveloping muscular strength. Recently, closed kinetic chain exercises have been shown to be more beneficial and have less adverse affects on the knee when rehabilitating a patient's lower ...

Neural control of the circulation during static two-leg exercise was evaluated in 10 subjects. External compression of the legs was employed to assess muscle mechano-receptor influence by achieving the same intramuscular pressure (80 mmHg) as developed during exercise. The muscle metabo-reflex contribution was assessed by post-exercise muscle ischaemia, and the ...

Seven competitive road cyclists (M +/- SE = 23.7 +/- 1.5 yr, 70.5 +/- 1.7 kg) participated to determine the effects of cycling body position on physiological responses during uphill cycling and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). There was no significant difference in VO2max between seated and standing positions on a ...

Previous studies of compensatory stepping, in response to postural perturbation, have focussed on forward or backward stepping; however, the ability to step in other directions is of equal functional importance, since the perturbations encountered in daily life may often include a lateral component. The primary objective of this study was ...

Pulmonary oxygen uptake (V O2) kinetics at onset of exercise is reported to be slower for arm than for leg exercise. This could be attributed to reduced cardiac output (Q) or reduced arteriovenous O2 content difference or both. To test this, V O2 mean tissue oxygen consumption (V O2T) and ...

Ten young (aged 23-30 years) and nine older (aged 54-59 years) healthy men with similar estimated limb muscle volumes performed, in random order, three different types of ergometer exercise tests (one-arm cranking, two-arm cranking, and two-leg cycling) up to the maximal level. Values for work load (WL), peak oxygen consumption ...

The present study examined NH3 (ammonia and ammonium) uptake in resting leg muscle. Six male subjects performed intermittent arm exercise at various intensities in two separate 32-min periods (part I and part II) and in one subsequent 20-min period in which one-legged exercise was also performed (part III). The arterial ...

Thermal responses and muscle performance in humans were studied during rest and exercise in a cool environment with different clothing distributions over the legs. Nine female subjects were exposed to 5 degrees C wearing shorts (SS), trousers with long legs (LL) or trousers with one long leg and one short ...

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if the aerobic demand for production of specified power outputs is altered by distribution of work between the arms and legs compared with when all the work is performed by the legs. Because of the important exercise training implications, a secondary ...

OBJECTIVE: Understanding the recruitment patterns of shoulder girdle prime-mover muscles will allow meaningful exploration of non-prime-mover neck muscle activity during arm and shoulder efforts. This study identifies exercises that isolate recruitment of levator scapulae from recruitment of upper trapezius. The exercises will be used for electromyographic experiments in which the ...

There is no clear evidence that the cardiorespiratory response to progressive maximal leg exercise was affected in proportion to the fall in PaO2 as measured from arterialized ear lobe blood. Subjects inhaling room air (rest PaO2 = 81 +/- 1 mmHg) or hypoxic gas mixtures, containing 15% or 10% O2 ...

1. The neurophysiological basis for the increase in breathing associated with exercise remains obscure. The present study uses positron emission tomography (PET) to measure relative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in order to identify sites of increased neuronal activation during and immediately following exercise. 2. Male volunteers underwent H2(15)O PET ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to characterize peripheral flow kinetics in response to progressive discontinuous maximal exercise in 10 patients who underwent repair of coarctation of the aorta and 11 age-matched healthy adolescents. BACKGROUND: An impairment of leg blood flow has been suggested on the basis of exaggerated ...

One of the consequences of endurance training is a reduction in force sensation in trained muscles at any exercise intensity. To study the central and peripheral contributions to this adaptation, we trained six male subjects with single-leg cycling at 60% VO2 peak (30 min/day x 3 days/week x 8 weeks); ...

Recent studies have demonstrated that single-leg knee extensor (KE) exercise elicits high mass-specific blood flow (Q) which, if incremented toward maximum, in the presence of additional muscle recruitment would soon outstrip the heart's pumping capacity and blood pressure would fall. Thus incremental KE exercise provides the opportunity to determine the ...

Leg cramps are a common problem, especially in the elderly. The differential diagnosis is extensive and includes the following conditions: true cramps, such as those related to heat, hemodialysis and electrolyte disturbances, as well as idiopathic cramps (the most common type); contractures occurring in conditions such as metabolic myopathies and ...

Seven healthy subjects were submitted to a 42-day head down bedrest, where leg venous compliance (venous distensibility index VDI) and leg volumes were assessed by mercury strain gauge plethysmography with venous occlusion and optoelectronic plethysmography, respectively. Plethysmographic and volometric measurements were made, before, during (at days 1, 4, 7, 14, ...

Manual massage is commonly assumed to enhance long term muscle recovery from intense exercise, partly due to its ability to speed healing via enhanced muscle blood flow. We tested these assumptions by daily (for four days) massaging the quadriceps muscles of one leg on subjects who had previously completed an ...

Thirteen males and 7 females completed their maximum number of leg extensions against a half maximum load. In a randomised, crossover study they were exercised to fatigue using an ergonometer, ski-squats and leg extensions followed either by a 6 min massage or rest after which they again completed their maximum ...

To determine the effect of exercise intensity on regional blood flow in exercising and resting leg muscles and organs, we assessed relative changes in the regional distribution of 201Tl during one-leg ergometer exercise and at rest by whole-body scintigraphy as an estimate of regional blood flow changes in 10 healthy ...

1. Leg edema is a common problem in the elderly, with diverse etiologies. 2. Raised-leg exercise is only effective for the leg edema due to venous insufficiency. 3. Compression stockings have been shown to be effective only for a limited time and may not be useful for individuals with disproportionately ...

The relationship between blood flow in the working leg and cardiac output (Q) response was determined for patients with chronic heart failure. The ratio of leg blood flow (LBF) to Q (LBF/Q) at the same workload during submaximal exercise was significantly different in three groups of patients classified by peak ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Although no studies exist, to our knowledge, that examine the feasibility and safety of stress testing in a consecutive series of patients with severe arthritis, musculoskeletal conditions are often listed as relative contraindications to graded exercise testing. The current study was designed to examine the feasibility of maximal ...

This study was done to determine (a) whether in coronary artery disease (CAD) left ventricular (LV) adaptations differed after 6 months of walking/jogging (legs-only, LO) versus aerobic circuit training (arms and legs, AL) versus a control group, and (b) whether a transfer of fitness to the untrained arms in the ...

In order to test the hypothesis that increases in calf venous distensibility in microgravity are partly due to the changes affecting the surrounding skeletal muscles (muscular atrophy), 12 healthy volunteers were exposed for 28 d to microgravity simulated by -6 degrees head-down bed rest. Half these subjects were exposed to ...

This investigation determined metabolic (i.e., kcal.min-1) responses and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) for varying pedal-crank rates (PCR) and power outputs (PO) during arm and leg exercise in thermoneutral air (TA) and water (TW). Nine males (age 28.2 yr; leg cycle VO2peak 3.4 l.min-1) undertook the 24 exercise trials. During ...

Exercise-induced hypertension of the arms is a well-known late complication after coarctation repair. Residual narrowing at the anastomosis site as well as abnormalities of the precoarctation arterial system may be the cause of this problem. Blood pressure response to exercise and flow-mediated arterial dilatation of the arms and legs were ...

In eight subjects luminal diameter of the resting limb radial and dorsalis pedis arteries was determined by high-resolution ultrasound (20 MHz). This measurement was followed during rest and during 2 min of static handgrip or of one-leg knee extension at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction of another limb. Static exercise ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the physiologic responses to manual (shoveling) vs automated (electric snow thrower) snow removal in healthy, untrained men. DESIGN: Observational, controlled trial. SETTING: A community-based, acute care, teaching-research hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A volunteer sample of 10 apparently healthy untrained men (mean +/- SD age = 32.4 +/- 2.1 years) ...

Leg blood flow, blood pressure and metabolic responses were evaluated in six men during incremental one-legged dynamic knee extension exercise tests (no load exercise-40 W); one performed with voluntary contractions (VOL) and one with electrically induced contractions (EMS). Pulmonary oxygen uptake was the same in both exercise modes, but the ...

With special reference to skeletal growth, a 17-year follow-up study of a lower-leg replantation in a four-year-old boy is reported. The patient maintained good cosmesis and function; however, foot size on the affected side was 1.5 cm smaller than the contralateral side, and leg length was 1.2 cm shorter than ...

Eight spinal cord injured (SCI) patients performed three sets of exercise with two conditions, 60% and 80% of VO2peak, with an arm crank ergometer. Functional neuromuscular stimulation was used to induce static leg contractions in two of the above sets of exercise. The three exercise sets were performed with no ...