In subjects with obesity, the implementation of long-term exercise intervention increases lean tissue mass and lowers adipose tissue mass. However, data indicate a blunted lipolytic response, and/or skeletal muscle protein synthesis, when subjects with obesity are exposed to acute endurance or resistance exercise, respectively. Therefore, subjects with obesity seem to ...

The effect of exercise on sleep-disordered breathing is unknown. While diet and weight loss have been shown to reduce the severity of sleep-disordered breathing, it is unclear whether exercise has an independent effect. A population-based longitudinal epidemiologic study of adults measured the association between exercise and incidence and severity of ...

Abnormally elevated exercise blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise training has been shown to reduce exercise blood pressure. However, it is unknown whether these improvements occur in a dose-dependent manner. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of different ...

We reported that weight loss induces bone loss which is prevented by exercise training; however, the mechanism for this observation remains unclear. Sclerostin, an inhibitor of bone formation, has been found to increase in states of unloading and may mediate the changes in bone metabolism associated with weight loss and ...

Effects of resistance and aerobic training on the ease of physical activity during and after weight loss are unknown. The purpose of the study was to determine what effect weight loss combined with either aerobic or resistance training has on the ease of locomotion (net V[Combining Dot Above]O2 and heart ...

Accumulating data support the atheroprotective role of the novel adipokines, apelin and ghrelin. The aim of the present randomized study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on these adipokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fifty-four overweight (BMI >25 kg/m²) patients with T2DM, but without ...

Drug-induced weight loss in humans has been associated with undesirable side effects not present in weight loss from lifestyle interventions (caloric restriction or exercise). To investigate the mechanistic differences of weight loss by drug-induced and lifestyle interventions, we examined the gene expression (mRNA) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and conducted ...

Quantifying muscle and joint forces over a broad range of weight bearing loads during exercise may provide data required to improve prosthetic materials and better protect against muscle and bone loss. Collectively, leg intramuscular pressure (IMP), ground reaction force (GRF), and the instrumented tibial tray force measurements provide a comprehensive ...

PURPOSE: Obesity has been shown to impair cutaneous wound healing which is associated with increased wound inflammation. Exercise is known to decrease obesity-associated inflammation and has been shown to speed cutaneous wound healing in aged mice. Therefore, we investigated whether treadmill exercise could speed cutaneous wound healing in obese, high-fat ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Microalbuminuria represents an established surrogate marker of early diabetic nephropathy and glomerular microangiopathy. Increasing evidence is emerging of a role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) as an important link between obesity, insulin resistance and both macro- and microangiopathy. It is not known whether perivascular renal sinus fat (RSF) has ...

PURPOSE: The objective of the Healthy Eating Aerobic and Resistance Training in Youth (HEARTY) trial (ClinicalTrials.Gov # NCT00195858) was to examine the effects of resistance training, with and without aerobic training, on percent body fat in sedentary, post-pubertal overweight or obese adolescents aged 14-18years. This paper describes the HEARTY study ...

PURPOSE:: Physical activity recommendations are defined in terms of time spent being physically active (e.g., 30 minutes brisk walking, five days a week). However, walking volume may be more naturally assessed by distance than time. Analyses were therefore performed to test whether time or distance provide the best metric for ...

INTRODUCTION:: Acute exercise can reduce postprandial insulin concentrations and increase fat oxidation in adults, which may have important implications for insulin resistance and weight control. However, similar studies with young people or comparing overweight and non-overweight individuals are sparse. Therefore, the acute effect of Fatmax exercise on glucose, insulin and ...

Diet plays an important role in modulating exercise responses, including activation of the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) axis. Obesity and fat ingestion were separately shown to reduce exercise GH responses, but their combined effect, especially important in children, has not been studied. We therefore measured the GH response ...

BackgroundMechanical joint stress imposed by high body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risk of knee and hip osteoarthritis. This prospective study investigated the independent and joint association of BMI and physical exercise on risk of knee and hip osteoarthritis.MethodsThe study includes 15 191 women and 14 766 men in the ...

Insulin stimulates glycogen synthase (GS) through dephosphorylation of serine residues, and this effect is impaired in skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant [obese and type 2 diabetic (T2DM)] subjects. Exercise also increases GS activity, yet it is not known whether the ability of exercise to affect GS is impaired in insulin-resistant subjects. ...

To examine the effects of firefighters' self-contained breathing apparatus' (SCBA) weight and its harness design on the physiological and subjective responses, eight male students performed treadmill exercise under four conditions: the 8 kg firefighter protective clothing (PC) (Control), the PC + an 11 kg SCBA with an old harness (Test A), the ...

We studied 10 young adults, normotensive at rest, comprising a control group (n = 5) with normal blood pressure responsiveness to exercise and an experimental group exhibiting greater percentage of body fat and body mass index (BMI) than the controls, with exaggerated blood pressure (vasopressor) responsiveness to exercise (EEBPR) (n ...

Using the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (L.A.FANS-2; n = 1610), we explore the link between Mexican immigrant acculturation, diet, exercise and obesity. We distinguish Mexican immigrants and 2nd generation Mexicans from 3rd+ generation whites, blacks and Mexicans. First, we examine variation in social and linguistic measures by race/ethnicity, ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To be successful, lifestyle intervention in obesity must take into account patients' views. The aim of the present study, conducted using a narrative-autobiographical approach, was to report on the perception of disease, food and physical exercise in a group of 80 obese patients during a structured multidisciplinary ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of exercise intensity on anxiety, mood states and hunger in obese adolescents. METHODS: Subjects were eight male obese adolescents (age 15.44 +/- 2.06y; BMI 33.06 +/- 4.78 kg/m2). Each subject underwent three experimental trials: 1) Control, seated ...

We evaluated weight loss response to 16 months of supervised exercise (45 min/day, 5 days/week, 75% heart-rate-reserve) in sedentary, overweight/obese participants without energy restriction in the Midwest Exercise Trial (MET1). Results indicated men lost weight, women did not. The gender differences were associated with differences in the energy expenditure of ...

The objective was to examine the effect of adding sprints to continuous exercise at the intensity that maximises fat oxidation (Fat(max)) on energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, enjoyment and post-exercise energy intake in boys. Nine overweight and nine normal weight boys (8-12 years) attended the laboratory on three mornings. First, body ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of local cold application on muscle glycogen re-synthesis after exercise. Recreationally active male subjects (n=11) completed a 90-minute glycogen depleting ride, followed by 4 h of recovery. During recovery, ice was applied intermittently to one leg (IL) while the subjects ...

ABSTRACT: Swinton, PA, Stewart, AD, Lloyd, R, Agouris, I, and Keogh, JWL. Effect of load positioning on the kinematics and kinetics of weighted vertical jumps. J Strength Cond Res 26(4): 906-913, 2012-One of the most popular exercises for developing lower-body muscular power is the weighted vertical jump. The present study ...

Context: Studies have shown that physical activity or exercise training may decrease the metabolic syndrome. Aim: The aim of the present study is to clarify the effect of combination exercise training on metabolic syndrome parameters in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Setting and Design: Twenty nine postmenopausal women (58.27 ΁ ...

To evaluate possible predictors of exercise-related mood improvements, formerly sedentary, obese adults initiating an exercise and nutrition treatment (N = 322) were assessed over 6 mo. Multiple regression analysis, with simultaneous entry of measures of exercise volume and exercise-related self-efficacy, was used to predict changes in overall mood. Findings suggested ...

Nutritional supplementation with some amino acids may influence host's responses and also certain mechanism involved in tumor progression. It is known that exercise influences body weight and muscle composition. Previous findings from our group have shown that leucine has beneficial effects on protein composition in cachectic rat model as the ...

To examine the independent association of asthma and obesity and of their co-existence with functional exercise capacity among urban adolescents. One hundred eighteen Hispanic- and African-American adolescents including 33 obese asthmatics, 18 normal-weight asthmatics, 38 obese non-asthmatics, and 29 normal-weight non-asthmatics underwent anthropometric measures, 6-minute walk test (6MWT) as measure ...

Hypothalamic inflammation is a potentially important process in the pathogenesis of high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders that has recently received significant attention. Microglia are macrophage-like cells of the central nervous system which are activated by pro-inflammatory signals causing local production of specific interleukins and cytokines, and these in turn may further ...

Many limitations exist with completing cardiorespiratory fitness testing in obese children. The aim of this study was to determine if the new Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group's (HALO's) submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness testing protocol for obese children and youth provides a comparable estimate of peak oxygen uptake to that ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of an exercise program of two different intensities, with nutritional control, on gestational weight gain (GWG), infant birth weight, and maternal weight retention at 2 months postpartum (2 mopp). METHODS: Pregnant women (prepregnancy body mass index 18.5-24.9 kg/m) were randomized at study entry (16-20 weeks ...

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of submaximal aerobic exercise with and without external loading on bone metabolism and balance in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (OP). Thirty-six volunteer, sedentary postmenopausal women with OP were randomly divided into three groups: aerobic, weighted vest, and control. Exercise for ...

Abstract Individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are at greater risk of developing diabetes than in normoglycaemia. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 12-weeks exercise training in obese humans with IGT. Eleven participants (6 males and 5 females; 49±9 years; mean Body Mass Index (BMI) ...

Fat accumulates in the bone marrow of lumbar vertebrae with bed rest. Exercise with or without whole-body vibration may counter this effect. Our objectives were to measure 1) the vertebral fat fraction (VFF) of men subjected to bed rest who performed resistive exercises with (RVE, n=7) or without (RE, n=8) ...

Purpose The purpose of this case report is to determine the effects of exercise training using body weight-supported treadmill walking (BWSTW) with an 18-year-old male diagnosed with Cerebral palsy (CP) who was non-ambulatory and not receiving physical therapy. Case description: Outcome measures included the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), ...

Body fat fluctuation during varying competing academic demand was examined among female adolescents with high (n = 24) or low (n = 24) restrained eating behaviours. Body fat, perceived stress, energy intake, and exercise behaviour were measured three times with 10 weeks between consecutive sessions. High restrained eaters' body fat ...

Our purpose was to elucidate effects of acute exercise and training on blood lipids-lipoproteins, and hsCRP in overweight/obese men (n=10) and women (n=8); age, BMI, body fat percentage, and VO(2)max were (mean±SEM): 45±2.5 yr, 31.9±1.4 kg·m(-2), 41.1±1.5%, and 25.2±1.3 mLO(2)·kg(-1) min(-1). Before exercise training subjects performed an acute exercise session ...

Advancing age and adiposity contribute to musculoskeletal degenerative diseases and the development of sarcopenic obesity. The etiology of muscle loss is multifactorial, and includes inflammation, oxidative stress and hormonal changes, and is worsened by activity avoidance due to fear of pain. The risk for mobility disability and functional impairment rises ...

Body mass index (BMI) is an important prognostic measure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, its effects on pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a walking-based PR programme across the BMI range and the impact of BMI on exercise performance and health ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) on novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We enrolled 52 overweight/obese, type 2 diabetic patients, with inadequate glycemic control (HbA1c > 6.5 %), but without overt diabetic vascular complications. Participants were randomly ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Exercise is an integral component of lifestyle intervention aimed at weight loss, but an independent benefit of exercise in NAFLD has also been suggested. METHODS: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of aerobic exercise and/or progressive resistance training for the modulation of liver fat and alanine aminotransferase ...

PurposeTo evaluate exercise performance and body mass index in healthy children over an 8-year period in order to determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness has decreased relative to changes in body mass index in our patient population.MethodThis study is a retrospective review of anthropometric and cardiorespiratory fitness data from our hospital's Exercise ...

We examined the aerobic and anaerobic energy expenditures of weight lifting (bench press); submaximal work was kept constant among protocols. Ten male subjects (age, 23.2 ± 3.1 years; height, 177.3 ± 5.3 cm; weight, 82.1 ± 11.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 3 lifting sessions of 3 sets of 5 repetitions at 70% 1 repetition maximum ...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise training on cardiac apoptotic pathways in obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixteen lean Zucker rats (LZR) and sixteen obese Zucker rats (OZR) of 5-6 months of age as well as the other sixteen obese rats were ...

Abstract This study was designed to investigate the effect of ingesting a glucose plus fructose solution on the metabolic responses to soccer-specific exercise in the heat and the impact on subsequent exercise capacity. Eleven male soccer players performed a 90 min soccer-specific protocol on three occasions. Either 3 ml · kg(-1) body mass of ...

Low body esteem poses a risk for the development of eating disorder symptomatology. Appearance-motivated exercise, as opposed to health-motivated exercise, has been associated with both low body esteem and eating disorder symptomatology. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of appearance-motivated exercise in the link between ...

The world's first successful human heart transplantation on 2 December 1967 inspired me to study medicine at the University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences. There I learned 5 key elements for a successful career in either medicine or science or both - perfectionism, passion, compassion, the dispassionate investigation ...

Aerobic exercise increases 24-h fat oxidation following initiation of a high-fat diet. The objective of this study is to examine the time course of increased fat oxidation under exercise and sedentary conditions. Eighteen healthy subjects completed a randomized crossover design (sedentary and exercise visits) staying for five consecutive days in ...

Acute exercise suppresses ad libitum energy intake, but little is known about the effects of exercise on food reward brain regions. After an overnight fast, 30 (17M, 13W), healthy, habitually active (Age = 22.2 ± 0.7 yr, BMI = 23.6 ± 0.4 kg/m(2), VO(2) peak = 44.2 ± 1.5 ml/kg-min) ...