The aim of this study was to investigate nitrate tolerance during continuous treatment with nitroglycerin patches (NTG) as monotherapy, and to assess whether tolerance might be prevented by an overnight nitrate-free interval. Ten male patients, of mean age 53.2 years (range 41-62 years), with pathological coronary angiography and stable exercise-induced ...

Calcium antagonists are among the most potent and efficacious drugs used in the treatment of angina pectoris. Amlodipine, a new member of this family of dihydropyridines, has a unique pharmacokinetic profile with high bioavailability and an extended period of pharmacodynamic activity. In formal randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with exercise tests ...

In a placebo controlled double-blind cross-over study following a dose titration phase, we compared the efficacy of benantolol, a new beta 1 adrenoceptor antagonist with alpha-adrenoceptor partial antagonist activity at 12 and 24 hours after dosing in patients with angina of effort. Twenty patients aged 43-65 years were studied. Each ...

This is the first reported large clinical trial of the antianginal and acute ischemic effectiveness and safety of dilevalol (the R, R-isomer of labetalol) in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris. This was a multicenter double blind fixed-dose parallel group placebo controlled trial. Patients with chronic stable angina and positive ...

A prospective, random selection, double-blind clinical trial was carried out to determine the efficacy of indomethacin in preventing periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PV-IVH). Babies who were born in our institution, had birth weights less than or equal to 1500 gm, and had no PV-IVH or grade 1 PV-IVH were given either placebo ...

The efficacy of sustained-release diltiazem (diltiazem-SR) 120 mg b.i.d. was compared with metoprolol 100 mg b.i.d. in 12 patients with stable angina. Following a 1-week placebo period, patients received diltiazem-SR or metoprolol in two 3-week treatment periods, in a randomized double-blind crossover design. Total exercise time was increased more with ...

The anti-ischemic properties of the new cardioselective beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist celiprolol were investigated in an open study of 12 men (mean age: 58 +/- 6.6 years) with exercise-induced angina pectoris. After all previous anti-anginal medication had been withdrawn for at least 5 half-lives, the patients received placebo, single doses of nitroglycerin ...

To establish the contribution of combination therapy in stable angina, the short- and long-term effects of diltiazem (120 mg and 360 mg/day, respectively), and the additive effects of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate, 10 mg, and atenolol, 100 mg, were studied in 11 patients with chronic stable angina using an open-label sequential ...

Twelve patients (10 men and 2 women), mean age 60.6 years (range 50 to 75), with stable angina pectoris were administered propranolol until beta blockade was evident. Treadmill exercise testing was performed, 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiograms were recorded, and serum propranolol levels were assessed at 1 and 2 hours after dosing ...

Although conventional treatment of angina pectoris with nifedipine capsules involves frequent daily dosing, a new vehicle for the once-daily delivery of this potent but insoluble calcium channel blocking agent has been developed. With the gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) formulation, constant effective drug levels of nifedipine are delivered for a full ...

Twenty-four patients with severe stable angina pectoris were included in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study to assess the efficacy of a controlled-release preparation of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN-CR) 60 mg once daily or twice daily as adjunctive treatment to a beta blocker. In bicycle ergometer exercise tests performed 4 h after ...

The efficacy of transdermal nitroglycerin patches, releasing 20 mg of active substance over a period of 24 h (TDN 20), was investigated in 10 patients with stable exercise-induced angina pectoris. The study was divided into 3 periods: the first part was an acute, within-patient, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, in which ...

The effects of diltiazem and atenolol on exercise performance were studied in 9 healthy and physically fit volunteers according to a double-blind cross-over design. All subjects performed, with an interval of 1 week, 3 exercise tests on a treadmill with stepwise increase of the workload until exhaustion. Two hours prior ...

The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and the mechanism of Yi-qi Huo-xue Injection (YHI) in treatment of coronary heart disease. YHI consists of Ginseng, Astragalus and Angelicae Sinensis. The 10% dextrose serves as a placebo. The results were as follows: 1. the frequency and ...

In order to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of nifedipine retard and isosorbide-5-mononitrate as monotherapy in the treatment of stable angina, 18 patients with abnormal exercise electrocardiograms and angiographically proven coronary arterial disease were studied in a randomised placebo controlled double-blind crossover study comparing isosorbide 20 mg twice ...

The effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on myocardial ischaemia was studied in 12 normotensive patients with chronic stable angina and exercise induced ST segment depression. The study was randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, and crossover with treatment periods of two weeks. Enalapril was used to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme. ...

The antiangina effects of atenolol, 50 to 200 mg once daily, or nifedipine, 10 to 30 mg 3 times daily, were evaluated in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel study of 39 patients with known symptomatic coronary artery disease. Treatment was titrated to produce at least a 30% increase in treadmill ...

The combination of atenolol with diltiazem has been shown to be useful in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease. Eighteen patients with proven coronary artery disease, stable angina, and no previous myocardial infarction were studied before and after treatment with atenolol (100 mg/day) (9 patients) or diltiazem (180 ...

The administration of nifedipine by the sublingual rather than the oral route has been suggested to provide a more rapid onset of effect. We compared the safety and efficacy of sl nifedipine to sl nitroglycerin in patients who developed anginal chest pain during diagnostic exercise stress testing. Consecutive patients undergoing ...

We compared the effects of transdermal clonidine and oral atenolol on acute exercise performance and on conditioning response to an 8-week program of regular aerobic exercise in young, otherwise healthy subjects with mild hypertension. The study was a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study with placebo control. Twenty-seven subjects (11 receiving transdermal ...

In a double-blind parallel group study, 46 patients with chronic stable angina were randomized, after a 2-week placebo washout period, to 1 of 3 treatment groups for an additional 2 weeks. Groups 1 and 2 received nicorandil (5 mg, n = 5; 10 mg, n = 10) twice daily, respectively, ...

Nicorandil was compared with placebo, propranolol and low and high doses of diltiazem therapy in 12 patients with chronic stable angina pectoris to elucidate its antianginal mechanism. A computer-assisted treadmill exercise test was performed after administration of either placebo, 30 mg of nicorandil, 40 mg of propranolol, or low-dose 60 ...

Large fluctuations in systemic arterial potassium have been found during and after exercise in normal subjects. To determine whether similar changes occur in patients with angina pectoris, arterial potassium levels were measured before, during and immediately after maximal bicycle exercise in 20 patients with exertional angina. In 10 of these ...

Fifteen patients with chronic stable angina pectoris and a history of reduced exercise tolerance in cold weather (cold intolerance) underwent symptom limited treadmill exercise tests at 20 degrees C and 0 degrees C in a specially constructed cold chamber while taking no antianginal medication. Their mean time to onset of ...

The calcium antagonist bepridil (bepridil monohydrochloride monohydrate, Org 5730, Cordium) was investigated in comparison with verapamil in a double-blind cross-over design in patients with angina pectoris. Exercise parameters, frequency of anginal attacks, consumption of nitroglycerin and subjective preference were analysed for 36 patients. The exercise capacity, estimated by exercise time ...

The antianginal effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists are achieved by a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand. This is a rational approach to treatment in patients whose angina is caused by a fixed stenosis. However, dynamic coronary vasospasm is an important factor in patients with chronic stable angina. Nifedipine increases myocardial oxygen ...

Reports suggest that white blood cells are involved in the development of tissue ischaemia. No studies on leucocyte rheology in the earliest stages of ischaemia exist. In 10 peripheral vascular disease (PVD) patients, 10 stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients and two groups of 10 matched controls leucocytes were separated by ...

The use of transdermal nitroglycerin (GTN) patches in patients with coronary artery disease is of uncertain value as numerous investigators have failed to confirm clinical efficacy for more than 8h. This relatively short duration of action is an indication of rapidly developing tolerance due to the relatively constant GTN plasma ...

A double blind, randomised crossover study with 20 patients was performed to compare the antianginal effects of atenolol 100 mg once daily and pindolol 5 mg thrice daily. After a placebo run-in period, 2 treatments were given for 2 wk each. The number of anginal attacks and the nitroglycerin (NTG) ...

The type II histamine receptor antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine, widely used in treatment of peptic ulcer disease have been reported to cause bradycardia. To evaluate the cardiovascular effects of H2 antagonists nineteen healthy volunteers were entered into a double-blind crossover comparison of cimetidine 300 mg qid, ranitidine 150 mg bid, ...

Von Willebrand factor (vWF) is known to play a relevant role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions by promoting platelet adhesion to injured endothelial cells. An increase in cytosolic calcium has been shown to be associated with the in vitro release of vWF from endothelial cells. The aim of our ...

In a single-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial in 20 patients with stable angina pectoris, intravenous theophylline ethylenediamine (aminophylline), 7 mg/kg, increased the time to onset of angina by 46%, the heart-rate/blood-pressure product (an index of myocardial oxygen consumption) at 1 mm ST segment depression by 22%, and exercise duration by 24%. ...

1. The cardiovascular and anticholinergic effects of femoxetine and amitriptyline were compared with those of placebo in a double-blind cross-over trial in 12 healthy men. The daily doses administered were therapeutic: 600 mg femoxetine and 150 mg amitriptyline. Duration of treatment with each drug was 13 days. 2. The statistically ...

The effects of oral nicardipine (40 mg) and nifedipine (20 mg) in combination with atenolol (100 mg) were compared with those of placebo, oral nitroglycerin (0.4 mg) and atenolol alone (100 mg) in 17 patients with stable effort angina. Patients performed symptom-limited, multistage, upright bicycle ergometric exercises with computer-assisted ECG ...

A consecutive series of 184 patients aged less than 55 years who had an acute myocardial infarction were enrolled in a study to examine outcome at one year. One hundred of these patients underwent a maximal exercise test six weeks after infarction to evaluate its ability to predict cardiac events. ...

Fifty-four patients with chronic stable angina were studied to determine and compare weekly variability of indexes for the detection of myocardial ischemia. All patients underwent three single-blind placebo periods, each lasting 1 week. An exercise treadmill test, 24 h ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring (analyzed blindly) and an accurate diary of ...

The antianginal efficacies of nifedipine (40 to 120 mg/day) and diltiazem (120 to 360 mg/day) were studied in 21 normotensive patients with chronic stable angina pectoris, using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Patients received each agent titrated to maximum tolerated doses for 6 weeks, after a 2-week placebo baseline period. ...

In this double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study the effects of two dosages of gallopamil on exercise tolerance were evaluated in 12 patients with stable effort angina. After a pre-study screening aimed at assessing the reproducibility of the exercise response, the patients entered the study which consisted of three 7-day consecutive periods ...

A placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study was conducted to determine the effects of nifedipine (60 to 90 mg per day) monotherapy and propranolol (240 mg per day) monotherapy on symptoms, angina threshold, and cardiac function in patients with chronic stable angina. Following a two-week placebo period, patients were randomly assigned to ...

The antianginal effects of propranolol 160 mg/day, diltiazem 240 mg/day, nicardipine 80 mg/day, nifedipine 40 to 80 mg/day and verapamil 320 mg/day were compared in 12 patients with chronic stable angina pectoris using a symptom-limited exercise test. Compared to placebo propranolol and calcium antagonists similarly reduced (p less than 0.001) ...

Isosorbide 5-mononitrate is an active metabolite of isosorbide dinitrate and possesses many theoretical advantages over its parent drug. However, the development of partial tolerance has been demonstrated when the drug is given 12 hourly or 8 hourly. We have therefore evaluated the acute and sustained (2 weeks) effects of isosorbide-5-mononitrate ...

The anti-anginal effect of sustained release diltiazem, isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) and their combination has been evaluated in 25 patients in 4 blinded treatment periods of 2 weeks each. The number of anginal attacks during each treatment period was reduced from a mean of 23 during placebo to 15 during diltiazem and ...

The efficacy of nitroglycerin ointment was determined by treadmill exercise testing through a randomized, double-blind crossover trial with placebo in 22 patients with chronic stable exertional angina. On different days, 3 cm of nitroglycerin ointment (NGO, 18 mg) and placebo ointment were applied over the epigastric region, followed by the ...

The aim of the study was to compare the effects of atenolol (50 mg b.i.d.), verapamil (80 mg b.i.d.), xamoterol (200 mg b.i.d.), and matching placebo on heart rate (HR) and exercise tolerance in digitalised patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Each treatment was taken for 4 weeks, and digoxin was ...

32 patients with stable angina and a positive symptom-limited exercise test (SLET) were investigated in a double-blind randomized trial in order to assess the therapeutic efficacy of bopindolol or atenolol on the incidence of angina pectoris and on angina pectoris threshold heart rate (ATHR). After a washout and placebo period ...

Some side effects of the beta 1-adrenoceptor blocker atenolol may result from depression of cardiac output at rest. They may, therefore, be reduced by the use of drugs with beta 1-partial agonist activity, such as epanolol. We compared once-daily atenolol 100mg and epanolol 200mg in 20 patients reporting side effects ...

Exercise-induced ischemia is generally attributed to an increase in myocardial demand in the presence of coronary stenosis limiting flow supply. An additional mechanism--the occurrence of coronary steal due to excessive endogenous adenosine release--has also been hypothesized. The effect of adenosine receptor blocking by aminophylline in effort ischemia was tested in ...

The efficacy of a sustained-release preparation of verapamil (verapamil-SR) has been compared with that of a conventional instant-release formulation (verapamil-IR) in 10 patients with stable angina pectoris treated for 3 weeks with both preparations. The diurnal serum concentrations of verapamil and norverapamil did not differ significantly during treatment with verapamil-IR ...

Carvedilol--a vasodilating beta-blocker has been shown in multicentre trials to be as effective as standard beta-blockers in improving exercise tolerance in patients with angina pectoris and it is more effective than nifedipine. The side effects are less than conventional beta-blockers and nifedipine. Carvedilol is an effective anti-anginal therapy and improves ...

The antianginal properties and the duration of action of two doses of felodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with a vascular:myocardial potency ratio approximating 100:1, were investigated in 15 patients suffering from disabling effort angina pectoris with reproducible exercise tolerance. Felodipine (5 mg, 10 mg) and placebo were administered once in ...