Voluntary exercise reduces the incidence of stress-related psychiatric disorders in humans and prevents serotonin-dependent behavioral consequences of stress in rodents. Evidence reviewed herein is consistent with the hypothesis that exercise increases stress resistance by producing neuroplasticity at multiple sites of the central serotonergic system which all help to limit the ...

During recovery from a maximal or submaximal aerobic exercise, augmentation of central (aortic) systolic pressure by reflected pressure waves is blunted in healthy humans. However, the extent to which reflected pressure waves modify the central pulse in diastole in these conditions remains unknown. We evaluated systolic and diastolic central reflected ...

Integrative physiology studies have shown that immune system and central nervous system interplay very closely towards behavioural modulation. Since the 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70s), whose heavy expression during exercise is well documented in the skeletal muscle and other tissues, is also extremely well conserved in nature during all evolutionary ...

We investigated the influence of spinal opioid receptor-sensitive muscle afferents on cortical changes following fatiguing unilateral knee-extensor exercise. On separate days, seven subjects performed the identical five sets of intermittent isometric right-quadriceps contractions, each consisting of eight submaximal contractions [63±7% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)] and one MVC. The exercise was ...

In 1923, Nobel Laureate A.V. Hill proposed that maximal exercise performance is limited by the development of anaerobiosis in the exercising skeletal muscles. Variants of this theory have dominated teaching in the exercise sciences ever since, but 90 years later there is little biological evidence to support Hill's belief, and much ...

The effect of interval vs. continuous exercise on plasma leptin and ghrelin concentration in young Standardbred horses was studied. The experiment was conducted on 27 trotters, in the age between 2 and 3 years. They were divided into two groups according to the type of exercise. Blood samples were collected ...

Postprandial lipemia is characterized by an increased concentration of circulating lipids after fat intake and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exercise is known to reduce postprandial lipemia and its negative clinical outcomes. This study investigated the effect of intense intermittent versus moderate continuous exercise using the same ...

The goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and the clinical significance of ST-segment elevation during recovery from exercise testing. During recovery from exercise testing, ST-segment elevation is reported in some patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS). Treadmill exercise testing was conducted for 93 patients (91 men), 46 ± ...

Exercise is effective in the alleviation of depressive symptoms and may have physiological effects similar to those of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). Recent research has identified the difference in treatment effects across genetic polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), in which the l allele has been associated ...

The purpose of this explanatory analysis was to investigate the relationship between ST-segment depression and the rate-pressure product (RPP) during exercise to determine whether ranolazine's mechanism of action was related to a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand or preservation of myocardial oxygen supply. In patients with stable ischemic heart disease, ...

A male smoker already on atenolol therapy, presented with chest pain and dramatic exercise induced ST segment elevation. Coronary angiography demonstrated non-obstructive disease and treatment with diltiazem abolished ST segment elevation on subsequent exercise testing.

ST-segment depression during stress testing predicts future risk for adverse cardiovascular events and routinely prompts further noninvasive imaging or invasive evaluation for coronary artery disease (CAD). A subset of patients develop ST depression at peak exercise that rapidly resolves early in the recovery period (ST-rapid). The goal of this study ...

It is well recognized that ST-segment depression is due to subendocardial ischemia secondary to an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. The increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure is associated with increased left atrial pressure, resulting in left atrial wall distension that contributes to increasing P-wave duration (PWD). The objective ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of prolonged ST segment depression after an exercise test with severity of coronary artery disease. METHODS: A cross sectional study of 100 consecutive patients referred to the cardiology laboratory for stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) conducted between April-August 2008. All selected patients were monitored until ...

Exercise testing (ET) stands as one of the most easy, affordable, cost effective, non invasive methods for diagnosing coronary heart disease. Its sensitivity, specificity and prognostic value, especially in the prime era of its implementation in the cardiac diagnostic procedure, is relatively limited. Novel exercise criteria and indices based either ...

Exercise-induced (EI) right bundle branch block (RBBB) is an infrequent electrocardiographic phenomenon, and controversy exists regarding its association with cardiovascular disease. We compared the prevalence and prognostic significance of RBBB, abnormal ST depression, and normal electrocardiographic findings in response to exercise testing in 9,623 consecutive veterans who underwent exercise testing ...

Although (very) late coronary stent thrombosis is a rare complication after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), its consequences are devastating with a high morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have identified several clinical, procedural and angiographic characteristics that are associated with stent thrombosis but little is known about the underlying mechanisms that ...

We examined maximal graded exercise test (GXT) results in 5,783 overweight/obese men and women, aged 45-76 years, with type 2 diabetes, who were entering the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study, to determine the prevalence and correlates of exercise-induced cardiac abnormalities. Participants underwent symptom-limited maximal GXTs. Questionnaires and ...

High-intensity exercise can result in up to a 1,000-fold increase in the rate of ATP demand compared to that at rest (Newsholme et al., 1983). To sustain muscle contraction, ATP needs to be regenerated at a rate complementary to ATP demand. Three energy systems function to replenish ATP in muscle: ...

To determine the best combination of parameters that would improve the diagnostic performance of exercise testing, coronary angiography plus exercise testing were done on 112 patients with angina pectoris and normal electrocardiogram. The univariate predictors of coronary artery disease included: age > or = 40 years, male sex, hypertension, smoking, ...

There is an important need for non-medication interventions for depressed youth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using a standardized aerobic exercise regime to treat non-medicated clinically depressed adolescents based on adherence and completion rates, including 1) establishing effect sizes for the primary outcomes including ...

BACKGROUND: While the role of hemoglobin in heart failure and renal disease has been investigated, little is known about its effect on clinical exercise test performance and mortality in patients referred for routine exercise treadmill testing (ETT). HYPOTHESIS: Patients with low hemoglobin will have poor exercise capacity and would be ...

Exercise electrocardiography is widely used for initial identification of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study compares the measurements of ST-segment changes during exercise and during early postexercise recovery in terms of diagnostic discrimination capacity and optimal partition values. Data from 1876 patients undergoing a routine bicycle exercise test ...

BACKGROUND: The appearance of a discrete upward deflection of the ST segment, termed the ST hump sign during exercise testing has been associated with resting hypertension and exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the correlation between the presence of hump sign during exercise testing with coexisting impaired ...

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines for exercise training in coronary patients state that in the presence of exercise-induced ischemia, the heart rate during exercise should be at least 10 beats/min below the heart rate associated with an ST segment depression of 1 mm or greater. For patients with a relatively low ischemic ...

PURPOSE: This study determined the effect of a structured isotonic strength training (ST) program on left ventricular (LV) function (ejection fraction, stroke volume, and end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes) and physical fitness (6-minute walk test, upper body strength, lower body strength, and body composition) in patients with New York Heart Association ...

Exercise-induced ST-segment elevation in patients without previous myocardial infarction is a relatively uncommon finding. When it does occur, it may be associated with significant coronary artery disease or coronary vasospasm. Here we describe a case of exercise-induced ST-segment elevation in both anterior and inferior leads in a patient with a ...

Hepatocyte growth-promoting factor (pHGF) has the greatest potential as a therapeutic agent for vascular growth factor. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pHGF on myocardial ischemia and exercise capacity in patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD). Forty-nine patients were enrolled for a two week ...

BACKGROUND: The appearance of a discrete upward deflection of the ST segment termed "the ST hump sign" (STHS) during exercise testing has been associated with resting hypertension and exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the prevalence and clinical significance of this sign in a population of patients ...

The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is an important site for autonomic regulation, where gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system plays an important role. The central mechanisms underlying modulatory effects of exercise training have yet to be characterized. Our objective was to analyze the effects on the autonomic modulation and hemodynamic ...

PURPOSE: It is well known that patients with arterial hypertension frequently present with ischemic electrocardiographic changes during exercise testing without actually having coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this study was to establish additional electrocardiographic criteria during exercise testing for detecting CAD in hypertensive patients with ischemic ST-segment response. ...

The exercise electrocardiogram is a commonly used non-invasive and inexpensive method for detection of electrocardiogram (ECG) changes secondary to myocardial ischemia. Reversible ST-segment depression is the characteristic finding associated with exercise-induced, demand-driven ischemia in patients with significant coronary obstruction but no flow limitation at rest. The exercise-induced ST-segment depression in ...

AIMS: Silent electrocardiographic ST change predicts future coronary events in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), but the prognostic significance of asymptomatic ST-segment depression with respect to sudden cardiac death in subjects without apparent CHD is not well known. METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated the association between silent ST-segment depression ...

The exercise electrocardiogram is a commonly used non-invasive and inexpensive method for detection of electrocardiogram (ECG) changes secondary to myocardial ischemia. It has been reported that in patients with a first myocardial infarction and without residual ischemia, exercise-induced ST-segment elevation in Q leads is related to a more damaged coronary ...

The case of a 44-year-old male with no cardiac risk factor who complained of typical angina is presented. The patient underwent an exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) stress test that showed ST segment depression limited to the recovery period of testing. He subsequently underwent coronary angiogram and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the transfer of energy through the pelvis and the lower limb during sit-to-stand (STS) in low back pain (LBP) subjects with or without a straight-leg raise sign. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Biomechanics laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Three groups, each of 20 subjects, participated. The first group consisted of asymptomatic subjects, ...

In symptom-free subjects, exercise tolerance testing (ETT) has a doubtful utility for detecting latent coronary heart disease (CHD) because of frequent false positives, but it may be valuable for predicting future CHD. To clarify the latter question, we calculated CHD incidence associated with presence or absence of ETT-induced abnormalities of ...

BACKGROUND: Maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is valuable to quantifying functional capacity in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), but information on CPX in children is limited possibly because of safety concerns. The purpose of this study was to examine the safety of CPX in pediatric patients with PH. METHODS: Data ...

Two experiments were conducted with 28-day-old male commercial broilers to study mechanisms of Mn absorption and the effect of Mn treatment on divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) mRNA levels in ligated segments from different intestinal regions of broilers. The results from experiment 1 showed that the amount of Mn absorption ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate if chronic eccentric strength training (ST) affects heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) during sub-maximal isometric voluntary contractions (SIVC). The training group (TG) (9 men, 62 +/- 2) was submitted to ST (12 weeks, 2 days/week, 2-4 sets of 8-12 ...

BACKGROUND: The aim was to assess the influence of menstrual cycle on results of exercise echocardiography and electrocardiography. METHODS: Premenopausal women (n=28) with regular monthly menses, presented typical angina, positive electrocardiogram (ECG) exercise stress test, and normal coronary angiogram were recruited. Exercise supine bicycle echocardiography with simultaneous recording of 12-lead ...

OBJECTIVES: Long-term potentiation (LTP) of neuronal activity in the hippocampus is thought to be a substrate for learning and memory. The influence of ischemia (IS) (hypoxia/hypoglycemia) on induction of LTP of synaptic transmission (ST) by high frequency stimulation (HFS) was investigated in rat hippocampal slices. METHODS: Neurons were stimulated via ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate histopathological alterations of the colon wall in segments with and without intestinal transit, by computer-assisted imaging, and to correlate these with the length of time diversion. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were subjected to intestinal transit diversion by a proximal colostomy and distal mucosa fistula. The animals ...

Maximum oxygen consumption ([latin capital V with dot above]o2max) is the primary measure for cardiorespiratory fitness, and the [latin capital V with dot above]o2max value achieved on the treadmill using the Bruce protocol is considered the gold standard. A novel exercise test using a total body recumbent stepper (TBRS) would ...

CONTEXT: In the population at large, regular exercise is associated with reduced anxious and depressive symptoms. Results of experimental studies in clinical populations suggest a causal effect of exercise on anxiety and depression, but it is unclear whether such a causal effect also drives the population association. We cannot exclude ...

Hypericins are biologically active constituents of Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort). It is likely that emodin anthrone, an anthraquinone precursor of hypericins, is biosynthesized via the polyketide pathway by type III polyketide synthase (PKS). A PKS from H. perforatum, HpPKS2, was investigated for its possible involvement in the biosynthesis of ...

Exercise treadmill testing (ETT) is a well-accepted examination for patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), and exercise induced ST-segment deviation is commonly used for CAD detection. However, recent evidence shows that systolic blood pressure (SBP) changes during and after exercise were associated with CAD severity, risk of acute myocardial ...

BACKGROUND: EMR traditionally performed by using normal saline solution (NS) plus epinephrine (E) as a submucosal fluid cushion does not maintain the submucosal elevation for a prolonged time. It was hypothesized that 50% dextrose (D(50)) plus E as a hypertonic, inexpensive, and easily available solution might be an ideal alternative ...

Subdivision of the human liver into eight portal venous segments (according to Couinaud) is largely established in the anatomical and clinical community. However, this concept is challenged by an increasing number of surgical and radiological reports. We reexamined the intrahepatic portal venous architecture to understand the inconsistencies published. For this ...

Experimental studies suggest that alcohol may have protective effects similar to that of ischemic preconditioning (IPC). The acute effects of alcohol on IPC in humans, however, are poorly known. In this study, we assessed the effect of alcohol administration on the warm-up phenomenon, as an expression of IPC, in patients ...