Networks are commonly used to define underlying interaction structures where infections, information, or other quantities may spread. Although the standard approach has been to aggregate all links into a static structure, some studies have shown that the time order in which the links are established may alter the dynamics of ...

Blood transfusions are frequently required following total knee arthroplasty. Tranexamic acid (TXA) inhibits fibrinolysis and has been shown to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements when delivered intravenously. Topical and intra-articular applications directly target bleeding sites whilst limiting systemic uptake and theoretically reduce the risk of thromboembolic complications. However, in ...

OBJECTIVES: In patients after completion of the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) with an intra-atrial lateral tunnel, deviations of the tunnel from an ideal straight tubular shape were observed. However, little is known about frequency and adverse effects of such shape deviations. We sought to analyse tunnel anatomy, dimensions and blood ...

Objective. IL-4 plus IL-10 prevents blood-induced cartilage damage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether cartilage damage can still be averted by addition of IL-4 plus IL-10 when added after the onset of a bleed and whether aspiration of blood prior to addition of IL-4 plus IL-10 ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) to detect changes in the sacroiliac joint regions after infliximab (an anti-TNF-α blocker) treatment in active axial ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. A total of 110 sacroiliac joints in 55 patients with active AS were ...

With the population aging, total joint replacements which are an effective method to restore patient's mobility are an increasing necessity. However, such operations are known to entail serious blood loss, which may have dramatic consequences in patients with chronic diseases or when the prosthesis is revised, a situation where the ...

The brain responds to hypoxia with an increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF). Many mechanisms have been proposed for this hypoxic vasodilation, but none has gained universal acceptance. Although there is some disagreement about the shape of the relationship between arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO(2)) and CBF, it is generally ...

Medicine today uses a wide range of biomaterials, most of which make contact with blood permanently or transiently upon implantation. Contact between blood and nonbiological materials or cells or tissue of nonhematologic origin initiates activation of the cascade systems (complement, contact activation/coagulation) of the blood, which induces platelet and leukocyte ...

Medicine today uses a wide range of biomaterials, most of which make contact with blood permanently or transiently upon implantation. Contact between blood and nonbiological materials or cells or tissue of nonhematologic origin initiates activation of the cascade systems (complement, contact activation/coagulation) of the blood, which induces platelet and leukocyte ...

Studies have shown decreased cerebral oxygen metabolism (CMRO(2)) and blood flow (CBF) in patients with cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). It remains unclear, however, whether these disturbances are associated with HE or with cirrhosis itself and how they may relate to arterial blood ammonia concentration and cerebral metabolic rate of ...

Intra-operative, peri-articular injection of local anaesthesia is an increasingly popular way of controlling pain following total knee replacement. At the same time, the problems associated with allogenic blood transfusion have led to interest in alternative methods for managing blood loss after total knee replacement, including the use of auto-transfusion of ...

INTRODUCTION: In recent years injection of autologous blood into the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has been reintroduced as a treatment of chronic recurrent TMJ dislocation. The effects of this treatment on components of the TMJ is not fully understood. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of autologous ...

Despite advances in contemporary hip and knee arthroplasty, blood loss continues to be an issue. Though blood transfusion has long been used to treat post-operative anemia, the associated risks are well established. The objective of this article is to present two practical and effective approaches to minimising blood loss and ...

The aim of this study was to determine whether dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) and the slope method can provide absolute measures of hepatic blood perfusion from the hepatic artery (HA) and portal vein (PV) at experimentally varied blood flow rates. Ten anesthetized 40-kg pigs underwent DCE-CT of the liver ...

Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) is a viable treatment option of the patient with isolated patellofemoral arthritis. Some of the purported advantages of PFA compared with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) include less invasive approach, less bone resection and tissue destruction, decreased operative time, shorter rehabilitation, better knee kinematics, and decreased blood loss. ...

In recent years, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence guidance has been used as a surgical adjunct to improve the extent of resection of gliomas. Exogenous administration of ALA before surgery leads to the accumulation of red fluorescent PpIX in tumor tissue that the surgeon can visualize and thereby ...

Abstract Blood chemistry panels are commonly used for assessing the general health of vertebrate animals. Here, we present novel blood chemistry data for two North American sturgeon species, shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus and lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. Measurements were done using a portable chemistry analyzer (VetScan Analyzer; Abaxis). Among the ...

PURPOSE: To determine the best positioning and the resulting fluid flow patterns inside the knee during arthroscopy, reducing the surgical morbidity associated with the arthroscopic irrigation and debridement of a septic knee joint. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three-dimensional MRI, using an MRI-compatible human cadaveric knee arthroscopic model, generated fluid flow diagrams ...

Environmental lead (Pb) exposure and toxicity have been recognised as public health problems of global importance, affecting both the developed and developing nations. In this work, blood Pb of pregnant women that were not exposed to lead by their occupation (n = 349), with mean ± SD age of 27.0 ± 4.8 years and gestational ...

INTRODUCTION: We present data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010 regarding the association between levels of blood cadmium, mercury, and lead and metabolic syndrome (MS) in a representative sample of the adult South Korean population. MS is defined as a cluster of disorders including central obesity, ...

BACKGROUND: The pediatric end-stage liver disease (PELD) score is not a direct index that reflects the degree of hepatocellular injury. Beta-D: glucan (BDG) in the portal vein blood is processed by the hepatic reticuloendothelial system. It is possible that the hepatic clearance of BDG may be used as a biological ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Successful delivery of compounds to the brain and retina is a challenge in the development of therapeutic drugs and imaging agents. This challenge arises because internalization of compounds into the brain and retina is restricted by the blood--brain barrier (BBB) and blood-retinal barrier (BRB), respectively. Simple and reliable ...

This study is a direct assessment of blood heavy metal concentrations of frequent users of Chinese medicines (CM), who had been taking prescribed CM at least 6 days per week for not less than 3 months, to determine whether their intake of CM could cause an increased load of toxic heavy metals ...

The thalamus has been found to be activated during the early phase of moderate hypoglycemia. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this region is less activated during hypoglycemia in subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and hypoglycemia unawareness relative to controls. Twelve controls (5 F/7 M, age 40 ± 14 ...

Amniotic fluid (AF) lactate concentration and time-dependent changes in blood lactate concentration in mares after parturition have never been evaluated. In this study, the venous blood lactate concentration of mares and foals during the first 72 h of the postpartum period was assessed, and the concentration of lactate in the ...

Background:Because previous studies aimed at developing an artificial placenta have had limited success, we hypothesized that the introduction of a high-performance membranous oxygenator to a pumpless artificial placenta could prolong the survival time of premature lambs.Methods:Immediately after the delivery of the fetuses, the umbilical vessels were cannulated and connected to ...

The molecular composition of milk is influenced by various genetic and environmental factors. Time is one important factor, and the fact that certain milk components change over the course of lactation is widely accepted. Untargeted global metabolomics is an approach to study hundreds of low molecular weight compounds simultaneously. In ...

OBJECTIVES: A purely hydraulic mechanism consisting in the pulsatile cuff-compression effect, by the cerebrospinal fluid displacement induced by the arterial pulsation, on the final portion of the bridging veins, has recently been hypothesized. This mechanism is able to maintain the constancy of cerebral blood flow (CBF) within the autoregulatory range, ...

The effect of feeding and intravenous injections of glucose and VFA on blood ghrelin concentrations were investigated in calves before and after weaning. Eight Holstein bull calves were fed whole milk, allowed free access to solid feeds, and weaned at 7 wk. Measurements were carried out at 2, 4, 6, ...

ABSTRACT: Study Design. Retrospective multi-center review.Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intra-operative antifibrinolytic agents on blood loss associated with vertebral column resection procedures for pediatric patients.Summary of Background Data. Vertebral column resection (VCR) procedures may be associated with substantial blood loss.Methods. A multi-center review ...

BACKGROUND: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is common in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and is associated with complications that appear related to the duration of blood storage. We hypothesize that hemolysis of stored RBCs results in increases in the availability of non-heme-bound iron, which inhibits macrophage activation. STUDY DESIGN ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop a simple noninvasive method for measuring blood flow using [O]H2O PET/CT for the head and neck area applicable in daily clinical practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifteen dynamic [O]H2O PET emission scans with simultaneous online radioactivity measurements of radial arterial blood [Blood-input ...

This in vitro study's purpose was to assess antibacterial activity of 3 different connectors: V-Link (Baxter, Deerfield, IL), Ultrasite Ag (B. Braun, Bethlehem, PA), and MaxGuard (Medegen/CareFusion, Ontario, CA), impregnated with silver nanoparticles after blood exposure. All 3 silver-coated/impregnated connectors grew Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Log reduction of bacteria was ...

Surface coatings of high packing densities have been routinely used to prevent nonspecific biomolecular and microorganism attachment. Hydrogels are another class of low fouling materials used to create three-dimensional matrixes for the free diffusion of small analytes or drugs and the high-loading of bio-recognition elements. However, biomolecules are subject to ...

OBJECTIVES: Topical hemostatic agents are used in all surgical disciplines. Most of these hemostats are based on animal-derived products like collagen and gelatin. They carry the potential risk of pathogen transmission. A newly developed biodegradable, fully synthetic hemostatic agent based on polyurethane foam (PU) with 55 % polyethylene glycol (PEG) would ...

The purpose of this study was to establish reference ranges (robust methods) for 51 laboratory parameters in ferrets for use in private practice. Current literature concerning reference values in ferrets is often based on small patient numbers, methods of blood sampling not suitable for practice, and outdated laboratory methods. Blood ...

High-intensity training (HIT) involving 30-s sprints is an effective training regimen to improve aerobic performance. We tested whether 6-s HITs can improve aerobic performance in triathletes. Six subelite triathletes (age, 40 ± 9 years; weight, 86 ± 11 kg; body mass index, 26 ± 3 kg·m(-2)) took part in cycle HIT and 6 endurance-trained subelite athletes ...

Biocompatible polymers are commonly used to fabricate microfluidic channels for the study of biological flows such as blood microflows. The most common of these materials is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) which is very hydrophobic. Oxygenated plasma is advocated to treat the PDMS with reported decreases in contact angle i.e. increase the hydrophilicity ...

Turtles of the genus Trachemys show a remarkable ability to survive prolonged anoxia. This is achieved by a strong metabolic depression, redistribution of blood flow and high levels of antioxidant defence. To understand whether nitric oxide (NO), a major regulator of vasodilatation and oxygen consumption, may be involved in the ...

This study was a longitudinal assessment of mercury exposure in schoolchildren in an urban area of the Brazilian Amazon. The study population consisted of 90 children whose exposure levels were assessed by testing mercury levels in the umbilical cord blood and mothers' blood samples in 2000-2001, and in the children's ...

Iron deficiency (IDA) and beta thalassemia trait (TT) are the most common causes of hypochromia and microcytosis. Many indices have been defined to quickly discriminate these similar entities via parameters obtained from automated blood cell analyzers. However, studies in the pediatric age group are scarce and their results are controversial. ...

To explore the easily applicable indicators of practical value to evaluate the prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Blood and biochemical tests and blood-gas analyses were performed upon entry into the ICUs, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after that in 72 ARDS patients (who were ...

In moyamoya disease (MMD), surgical revascularization may be complicated with postoperative hyperperfusion. We analyzed cerebral perfusion and metabolism using positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before and after bypass surgery on 42 sides of 34 adult patients with MMD. In seven cases (16.7%) with symptomatic hyperperfusion, ...

The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of the physiological and metabolic responses to a sport-specific treadmill protocol designed to simulate the activity pattern of elite women's field hockey match-play. Eight elite female field hockey players completed two trials of the Field Hockey Intermittent Treadmill Protocol (FHITP) ...

Uptake1 and uptake2 transporters are involved in the extracellular clearance of biogenic amine neurotransmitters at synaptic clefts. We looked for them at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-retina barriers (BRB), where they could be involved in regulating the neurotransmitter concentration and modulate/terminate receptor-mediated effects within the neurovascular unit (NVU). Uptake2 ...

Purpose: Access blood flow (Qa) measurements are one of the most important components in vascular access monitoring programs, even though these indirect methods have only been validated with high-flux hemodialysis (HF; pump flow [Qb] 300 mL/min). This study was to assess the utility from thermodilution (BTM) with respect to the ...

The neonatal gastrointestinal tract is a site of intense anabolic and metabolic activity, as it is responsible for the assimilation of nutritional intake and exhibits accelerated growth shortly after birth. The hypermetabolic state of the gastrointestinal tract requires sufficient blood flow and oxygen delivery to sustain adequate oxygen consumption to ...

International normalized ratio (INR) discrepancies were noted between clinical laboratories using various prothrombin time (PT) systems. We studied the influence of different commercial blood collection tubes and different PT systems on INR measurements. INRs of fresh patient samples were determined by 3 laboratories, each using different PT systems. In the ...

SERS spectra of whole human blood, blood plasma, and red blood cells on Au nanoparticle SiO(2) substrates excited at 785 nm have been observed. For the sample preparation procedure employed here, the SERS spectrum of whole blood arises from the blood plasma component only. This is in contrast to the ...

BACKGROUND: Blood conservation strategies have been developed to diminish blood transfusion requirements in patients undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery. Tranexamic acid (TA) is an inexpensive antifibrinolytic agent that is little used in orthopaedic surgery due to the absence of standardised optimal administration regimens. HYPOTHESIS: Blood transfusion requirements and induced ...