Inhaled radioactive CO is currently the tracer of choice for blood volume quantification by positron emission tomography (PET). This measurement is of great interest for several clinical and research applications. However, owing to the short half-life of the radiolabeled CO, it can only be used in centers equipped with a ...

The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in absolute blood flow between patients with Crohn's disease with inflammation or fibrosis using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Eighteen patients with fibrotic disease and 19 patients with inflammation were examined. Video sequences of contrast data were analyzed using a pharmacokinetic ...

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is common in hemodialysis patients and is associated with worse outcome. Previous studies have shown that diastolic function worsens from pre- to post-dialysis session, but this has not been studied during hemodialysis. We studied the evolution of diastolic function parameters early and late during hemodialysis. ...

Two different internal standard dried blood spot (DBS) pre-impregnation procedures (prior to blood spotting) were investigated. In the first procedure DBS pre-impregnation is performed by immersing the DBS card fully into an internal standard solution. In the second procedure pre-impregnation is performed by pipetting a certain volume of an internal ...

Background/Aims: This study investigates the use of blood volume monitoring (BVM) markers for the assessment of fluid status. Methods: Predialysis fluid overload (FO) and BVM data were collected in 55 chronic hemodialysis patients in 317 treatments. Predialysis FO was measured using bioimpedance spectroscopy. The slope of the intravascular volume decrease ...

Waste is blood drawn from an intravenous (IV) catheter to remove saline or heparin before obtaining a blood sample. This study examines the minimum waste volume resulting in an undiluted sample. A repeated-measures design was used. Investigators placed an IV catheter in 60 healthy adults and obtained samples at baseline ...

AIMS: We intended to define volume-normalized flow rates (cQ; VQI) and to construct and validate uroflow (Q)-volume (V) nomograms in our Indian (non-Caucasian) population. METHODS: Prospective observational study. Participants: Group A, male healthy volunteers 18-45 years without LUTS. Group B, men >18 years with LUTS (IPSS > 7; global QOL > 2). The participants ...

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) remains common in preterm newborns, but uncertainty over optimal management is perpetuated by clinicians' inability to quantify its true haemodynamic impact. Our aim was to develop a technique to quantify ductal shunt volume and the effect of PDA on systemic blood flow volume in neonates. Phase ...

Objectives To investigate whether the endometrial thickness, endometrial volume, and endometrial and subendometrial vascularization index, flow index, and vascularization-flow index were useful for diagnosing endometrial polyps in infertility. Methods Transvaginal and 3-dimesional power Doppler sonography was performed to calculate the endometrial echogenicity, endometrial thickness, endometrial volume, and endometrial and subendometrial ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The hematoma volume is an important determinant of outcome and a predictor of clinical deterioration in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Our goal was to evaluate alterations in the cerebral circulation, in respect to hemorrhage and edema volume changes, using transcranial Doppler (TCD). METHODS: Twenty patients with ...

The adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to an immobilized camelid-derived antibody fragment was investigated using six different activated resins, of which two are prototypes. The resins differed in base material, coupling chemistry and particle size. The adsorption, washing and desorption stage of the affinity chromatography process were taken into ...

Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is the most common complication during hemodialysis and is associated with significant morbidity. It occurs as a consequence of a reduction in blood volume during ultrafiltration. Today, devices for monitoring relative blood volume (i.e. the intradialytic blood volume as a fraction of the blood volume at the ...

We evaluated the relationship between mean platelet volume (MPV) and characteristics of 10,577 cord blood (CB) units in a public CB bank in Korea. Blood group O has the highest MPV (P = 0.002). MPV correlated with CB volume (r = 0.121), Hb (r = 0.377), WBC (r = 0.111), ...

Leukapheresis is a common procedure for hematopoietic cell transplantation in adults. The main challenge in applying this procedure to human infants and small monkeys is the large extracorporeal blood volume (165 mL on average) necessary for priming the apheresis machine. This volume represents greater than 50% of the total circulating ...

The volume of blood sampled for blood culture determines its sensitivity. We measured low mean blood volumes in submitted aerobic (8.38±3.88 ml) and anaerobic (7.16±3.83 ml) blood culture bottles. Educational seminars were held for phlebotomy teams and renewed measurements thereafter revealed significantly higher blood volumes in submitted aerobic (9.77±4.42 ml) ...

Leukoaraiosis (LA) and male sex have been associated with decreased cerebrovascular reactivity, which potentially adversely affects tissue viability in acute stroke. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the contribution of LA-severity and sex to the extent of the hyperacute ischemic core volume after intracranial large artery occlusion. We analyzed data from ...

Maintaining cardiac preload throughout the perioperative period is a generally accepted target. As perioperative fasting is believed to cause intravascular hypovolaemia it traditionally triggers aggressive preemptive intravenous fluid infusion. Physiology suggests that extracellular losses via urinary output and evaporation decrease the extracellular compartment. Representing a relevant part of the latter, ...

This study introduces a new processing means that uses the original signal (rather than contrast agent concentration) from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) to calculate a relative cerebral blood volume map and a tissue similarity map (TSM). Ten healthy volunteers and eight multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were ...

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the predictive value of the viscoelastic properties of whole blood samples collected preoperatively in relation to intraoperative blood loss in patients subjected to orthognathic surgery. Forty-one consecutive patients underwent simultaneous mandibular and maxillary osteotomy. Whole blood samples were collected preoperatively. The ...

Open simple prostatectomy is the most effective and the most durable method of controlling symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, especially in sub- Saharan Africa, where TURP set and expertise are unavailable in most health institutions. The risk of perioperative heterologous blood transfusion in open transvesical prostatectomy varies widely from ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The paper presents a newly researched acoustic system for blood volume measurements for the developed family of Polish ventricular assist devices. The pneumatic heart-supporting devices are still the preferred solution in some cases, and monitoring of their operation, especially the temporary blood volume, is yet to be solved. ...

Cerebral blood volume maps are usually acquired using dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging which inherently limits the spatial resolution and signal to noise ratio of the images. In this study, we used ferumoxytol (AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA), an FDA-approved compound, to obtain high-resolution cerebral blood volume maps with a steady-state ...

A number of two-compartment models have been developed for the analysis of arterial spin labeling (ASL) data, from which both cerebral blood flow (CBF) and capillary permeability-surface product (PS) can be estimated. To derive values of PS, the volume fraction of the ASL signal arising from the intravascular space (v(bw)) ...

High closure rates of the open abdomen have been reported following negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). However, the method has occasionally been associated with increased development of intestinal fistulae. We have previously shown that the application of NPWT to the open abdomen causes a decrease in microvascular blood flow in ...

Endothelin-1, prostaglandins (PGs), and nitric oxide (NO) have been implicated in the intestinal microvascular dysfunction of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We hypothesized that direct peritoneal resuscitation (DPR) dilates the intestinal microvasculature and improves blood flow independent of these mechanisms. Rat pups were assigned by litter to experimental NEC or CONTROL groups. ...

OBJECTIVE:: Nitric oxide plays an important role in the control of renal blood flow and renal function. In sepsis, increased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase produce excessive nitric oxide, which may contribute to the development of acute kidney injury. We, therefore, examined the effects of intrarenal infusion of selective ...

The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is reduced by anti-inflammatory treatment in asthma. However, the FENO level is also regulated by individual demographics and there is considerable variation among clinically stable patients. We hypothesized that some demographics may be responsible for persistent FENO elevation despite inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) therapy ...

The choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle can be identified on neonatal cranial US via the mastoid fontanelle, particularly when transducers of high frequency are used. Its presence as a normal, echogenic structure might not be appreciated by all sonographers. It should not be mistaken for vermian hemorrhage or clotted ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of recombinant erythropoietin on serum oxidants and the viability of ischemic ovaries after detorsion. STUDY DESIGN: A non-randomized single-blind clinical trial was conducted from December 2009 to January 2011 in a University Teaching Hospital affiliated with the School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. ...

Background The hemolytic products cell-free oxyhemoglobin (FHb) and arginase-1 reduce nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by scavenging NO and by degrading the NO precursor arginine to ornithine, respectively. In this study we evaluated the relevance of hemolysis to NO-dependent blood flow in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.Methods Plasma FHb, arginase-1, and amino ...

ABSTRACT: Blood flow in oral tissues, including the tongue, salivary glands, gingiva, dental pulp, and lip, plays an important role in modulating the complex oral functions involved in food intake. Oral tissue circulation is regulated by nitric oxide (NO) synthesized by neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) mainly present in parasympathetic vasodilator ...

Hydrogen sulfide adsorption and oxidation by corroding concrete surfaces at different air-flows were quantified using a pilot-scale sewer reactor. The setup was installed in an underground sewer research station with direct access to wastewater. Hydrogen sulfide gas was injected into the headspace of the sewer reactor once per hour in ...

During extended storage, erythrocytes undergo functional changes. These changes reduce the viability of erythrocytes leading to release of oxyhemoglobin, a potent scavenger of nitric oxide. We hypothesized that transfusion of ovine packed erythrocytes (PRBC) stored for prolonged periods would induce pulmonary vasoconstriction in lambs, and that reduced vascular nitric oxide ...

Some 40 years ago it was recognized by Furchgott and colleagues that the endothelium releases a vasodilator, endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). Later on, several groups identified EDRF to be a gas, nitric oxide (NO). Since then, NO was identified as one of the most versatile and unique molecules in animal ...

The present study reports the applicability of a multiplex PCR for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of common filarioids infecting dogs, i.e., Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens, Acanthocheilonema reconditum and Cercopithifilaria sp. Amplicons of different sizes (i.e., 170bp, 480bp, 590bp and 300bp, respectively) of regions within the mitochondrial cytochrome c ...

The hyperdynamic circulation of cirrhosis participates in the pathophysiology of portal hypertension. P450-dependent epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET) are potent vasodilators. We evaluated plasma levels of EETs in cirrhotic patients and the effect of epoxygenase and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition on skin blood flow, measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, in normal ...

Syphilis diagnosis is based on clinical observation, serological analysis, and dark-field microscopy (DFM) detection of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the etiological agent of syphilis, in skin ulcers. We performed a nested PCR (nPCR) assay specifically amplifying the tpp47 gene of T. pallidum from swab and blood specimens. We studied a ...

Functional in vitro assays could provide insights into the efficacy of malaria vaccine candidates. For estimating the anti-parasite effect induced by a vaccine candidate, an accurate determination of live parasite count is an essential component of most in vitro bioassays. Although traditionally parasites are counted microscopically, a faster, more accurate ...

This review assesses the feasibilty of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in neurosurgical applications, specifically occlusion of intact blood vessels. Fourteen articles were examined. In summary, MRI was effective for HIFU guidance whereas MR angiography assessed vessel occlusion. Several studies noted immediate occlusion of blood vessels with HIFU. Long-term data, though ...

The rostral medullary raphe region is an important target of hypothalamic orexin neurons; however, little is known of the effect of orexin in this key autonomic and somatic premotor region. Here we tested the effect of orexin-A (3 and 30 pmol) microinjected in the medullary raphe, on heart rate (HR), ...

New non-invasive techniques enabling frequent or continuous assessments of various pathophysiological conditions might be used to improve in-hospital outcome by enabling earlier and more reliable bedside detection of medical deterioration. In this preclinical study, three modern non-invasive optical techniques, laser Doppler imaging (LDI), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and tissue viability imaging ...

OBJECTIVES:: Blood flow changes in the intestines during conventional negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), and NPWT using a protective disc over the intestines in laparostomy. BACKGROUND:: Higher closure rates of the open abdomen have been reported with NPWT compared with other kinds of wound management. However, the method has been ...

We conducted an open-label trial to evaluate whether simvastatin therapy was, or was not, associated in systemic sclerosis hypercholesterolemic patients (SSc-Ps) with beneficial changes in finger skin microvascular function. 13 females SSc-Ps and 15 females healthy control subjects (CSs), age-matched with SSc-Ps, underwent finger skin post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH), using ...

Ischemia is a major factor contributing to failure of skin flap surgery, which is routinely used for coverage of wounds to prevent infection and to restore form and function. An emerging concept is that adenosine A(2A) receptors can improve tissue oxygenation by stimulating angiogenesis, likely through vascular endothelial growth factor ...

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to quantify the cerebral blood flow (CBF) after bilateral, transcranial near-infrared light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation to the forehead in a patient in a persistent vegetative state following severe head injury. Background data: Positive behavioral improvement has been observed following transcranial near-infrared light therapy in humans ...

Androgen actions are exerted upon the androgen receptor (AR), and complete genital virilization of normal 46,XY individuals depends on adequate function and expression of the AR gene in a tissue-specific manner. Standardization of normal ARmRNA in androgen-sensitive tissues. In this study, we determined the quantitative amounts of ARmRNA in peripheral ...

Background and objectives: Deferral due to anaemia is common in blood donor selection, mainly owing to iron deficiency. This study analysed the prevalence of anaemia, its individual and group-associated factors in 335 095 blood donor candidates in the Hemominas Foundation, a public blood centre in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Materials ...

Abstract Background: Endothelial function is known to be impaired in response to heat in people with diabetes, but little has been done to see how air humidity alters the skin blood flow response to heat. Methods: Seventeen male and female subjects were divided in two groups, one with type 2 ...

The effects of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on wound edge microvascular blood flow are not clear. The aim of the present study was therefore to further elucidate the effects of NPWT on periwound blood flow in a porcine peripheral wound model using different blood flow measurement techniques. NPWT at ...

Relaxin (RLX) has multiple vascular actions, including vasodilation and angiogenesis, which occur via induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. We generated a RLX-expressing (dE1-RGD/lacZ/RLX) adenovirus and investigated whether it enhances skin flap survival. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: RLX-expressing adenovirus group, control virus group, and ...