Peripheral blood samples were collected from normal subjects and chronic viral hepatitis patients, and the in vitro capability of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells to produce various cytokine (interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, interferon-gamma, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) were analyzed by adding pokeweed mitogen. We then investigated the effects of a herbal ...

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TGVHD) has been reported in 131 patients as a complication of supportive treatment with an overall 90% mortality. This study was undertaken to define the historical incidence of TGVHD, its symptomatology, and mortality among affected patients by age, diagnosis, and blood product transfused. Although the use of ...

Coagulopathies are commonly encountered in victims of pit viper envenomation. In the majority of patients these defects improve with administration of antivenin. However, blood products are often transfused based on arbitrary criteria and with significant risk to the patient. This article documents the effectiveness and risks of antivenin administration and ...

Surgical gowns are traditionally worn to protect patients from contamination by the surgical team. Blood routinely covers gowns during surgery and often contaminates surgeons' undergarments and skin. Because of risks to the surgical team by blood-borne pathogens, disposable and reusable gowns were examined. To quantify "strike through," 1440 samples of ...

Partial occlusion of indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs) developed as a clinical problem following the trend to leave CVCs in place for the duration of intravenous therapy, which can last for more than 1 year in some cases. The primary manifestation of partial catheter occlusion is the ability to infuse ...

1. The effect of free-radical-altered IgG (monomer and polymer u.v.-irradiated IgG), compared with that of native and heat-aggregated IgG, on the production rate of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leucocytes) from normal blood and granulocytes obtained from the blood and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis ...

Effects of blood flow on the production of prostacyclin (PGI2) were examined in the canine femoral artery perfused ex vivo. Each artery was perfused in situ with medium 199, under conditions of simulated blood flow. To simulate the normal and abnormal blood flow waveforms at the same mean flow rate, ...

We studied the effect of the initiation of a five part program of blood component conservation on blood product utilization in patients undergoing major cardiovascular surgery. We encouraged physicians and nurses to adhere to a set of guidelines that would limit the exposure of these patients to complications associated with ...

The lysozyme-catalyzed reaction of chitooligosaccharide was carried out in a continuous flow system in which the solution of substrate, chitooligosaccharide [(GlcNAc)n], flowed into the lysozyme solution in an ultrafiltration apparatus and the products were filtered off. The filtrate was continuously collected in test tubes with the aid of a fraction ...

A method was developed for the batch-wise production of small-pool lyophilized heat-treated cryoprecipitates in a regional Blood Bank. Ten vials of final product were derived from twenty 600 g apheresis plasma donations. We found 384 IU of factor VIII per vial and a specific activity of 0.20 IU per mg ...

In-vitro dissolution properties of indomethacin extended-release capsules, from samples available on the Japanese market, have been investigated using a continuous flow, column-type dissolution apparatus and the results compared with those obtained by the paddle and the rotating basket methods. A plot of the percent of drug dissolved against the square ...

The lipoxins are a recent addition to the family of bioactive products derived from arachidonic acid. Here, we have prepared pentafluorobenzyl ester, trimethylsilyl ether derivatives of lipoxin A4, lipoxin B4 and pentadeuterolipoxin A4 and have characterized these products by electron-capture negative ion chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (NICI GC/MS). Lipoxin ...

In a screening of 182 vials of various commercially available blood products in the Indian market, 32 (17%) were found to contain HIV-1 antibodies. The contamination with HIV-1 antibodies was detected in all types of blood products including immunoglobulin preparations, cryoprecipitates as well as albumin. Interestingly, the contamination was seen ...

The production of 6.5 h 82mRb, a potential substitute for generator-produced 1.2 min 82Rb in myocardial blood flow studies, is discussed. Using a 82Kr gas target and a low-energy cyclotron it is possible to obtain greater than 100 mCi (greater than 3.7 GBq) of high purity 82mRb. Results of radiation ...

A model has been developed to demonstrate the use of photodynamic treatment (PDT) to eradicate viral contaminants from donated blood and blood products. Whole blood, spiked with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), was treated with the photosensitizer benzoporphyrin derivative-monoacid ring A (BPD-MA). After light activation of BPD-MA, a neutral red dye ...

To date, there is no substitute for human blood. It is the only source material for the manufacture of cellular components and fractionated plasma products. Whole blood donation has transversed many risk barriers experienced in early collections and has become a relatively minor and uncomplicated procedure. Blood collection techniques have ...

We previously documented both the spontaneous acceleration of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) production by GH3 cells during perifusion and the suppression of their production during plate culture. We here present the role played by medium flow itself in this differential behavior. Increasing rates of perifusion flow (pump rates ...

The presence of haemorrhage in carotid bifurcation atheromatous plaques is widely believed to be associated with the production of ischaemic neurological events. This study set out to characterise plaque composition in symptomatic (SYM) and asymptomatic (ASYM) patients and to identify, if possible, the origin of intra-plaque haemorrhage. Fifty-nine plaques (50 ...

All oxidative functions of aromatase, i.e., estrogen production, 19-oxygenated androgen production and 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylation, were inhibited in parallel in placental microsomes from non-smokers by the mechanism-based, time-dependent inactivators (suicide substrates) 10 beta-(2-propynyl)estr-4-ene-3,17-dione and 4-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione. In contrast, the aromatase suicide substrate androst-4-ene-3,6,17-trione had little or no effect on the conversion of ...

This report aims to clarify the position of the hospital blood bank in the light of product liability legislation contained in the Consumer Protection Act of 1987. Blood has been defined a 'product' under this Act. The potential for the blood bank to be seen in the role of 'supplier', ...

Collection of placental blood in a sterile and closed system is a simple, safe and efficient procedure. One hundred and fifty eight units of fetal blood were collected by applying the same requirements of quality and safety as those defined for blood products in blood banks. No adverse effects were ...

The whole blood reference specimens are carefully selected in order to minimize errors in either reference methods or the assay method that might be produced by interferants in the specimens. Fundamental to the process of assigning values to calibrators and controls is the rule that fresh whole blood from normal ...

The last few paragraphs will summarize pertinent characteristics of this material in relation to other current sources of factor VIII. First, at a time when safety is the paramount concern in hemophilia therapy, plasma exchange donation offers a product with a very low intrinsic risk of blood borne infection; in ...

DDAVP has a major therapeutic role to play in the management of moderate to mild haemophilia and vWD, particularly type I. In addition it helps to classify vWD patients and to procure more and better blood products for treatment. The addition of suitable, reliable preparations for subcutaneous and intranasal use ...

The use of human blood has developed from transfusion of whole blood into blood component therapy. In addition, plasma has been made available for fractionation using large scale, industrial methods. Fortunately enough, all the different constituents of the blood are seldom needed in one and the same patient. The proper ...

We evaluated three oximeters from three manufacturers. We based our ratings on operator safety, ability to report all parameters, alarm features, and human factors design. All units are rated Conditionally Acceptable. They are Acceptable on the condition that users assume the responsibility for taking appropriate infection control measures to minimize ...

Treatment of hemophilia, although greatly improved in recent years, continues to be problematic owing to infectious complications of blood product replacement therapy. This report examines the therapeutic options presently available for the treatment of hemophilia, focusing on the potential for repeated viral exposure to influence the progression of infectious disease, ...

Continuous monitoring as a means of achieving real-time or near real-time control is one of the most stimulating aspects of industrial innovation and productivity. The potential of unsegmented flow techniques in this area, though wide, has not been widely exploited to date. The applications developed so far, and new possibilities ...

Multiple continuous-flow solid-phase peptide synthesis was performed on a standard polystyrene-based resin under low-pressure conditions using a simple manually operated synthesizer. Stable-flow resin-packed columns were prepared in small polypropylene flow reactors, adjustable for volume. The concurrent synthesis of 10 peptides was carried out in flow reactors concatenated together; solvents and ...

The safety of blood and blood products is based on three interdependent activities: selection of safe donors, laboratory testing, and, where applicable, treatment of the product to reduce residual infectivity. Posttransfusion hepatitis has provided both the initial stimulus and the model for these procedures. The procedures have resulted in a ...

In light of increasing public and employee concern over potential infectious hazards associated with blood and other body fluids, several government agencies (the Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Disease Control, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Health Care Financing Administration and the National ...

The medical community needs to ensure safety of blood and blood products. Blood bankers have instituted rigid criteria for exclusion of potential donors in high risk categories. Institution of HIV testing would appear to make blood products safer although the complete elimination of HIV contaminated blood and blood products may ...

We have shown that the blood anticoagulant activity (BAA) secreted by Myxococcus xanthus (designated myxaline) is a heat-stable molecule; a high-molecular-mass extracellular fraction also with an apparent BAA is a thermolabile protease. This property allowed us to assay the BAA content in crude boiled culture supernatants and to study the ...

The emergency physician must have a solid understanding of the use of blood products. This article discusses how to order various blood products, problems with storage, when to administer them, what special equipment is necessary, and possible complications of their use. Special attention is paid to the many different components ...

Likely contamination of a surgeon's conjunctiva by patients' body fluids is surprisingly frequent. Blood and fat are the most common agents but cellular implantation may occur. Possible contamination was documented in 37 of 60 orthopedic procedures. Power tools, hammering and the use of rongeurs are the main culprits in producing ...

Both anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions to transfused blood products and plasma derivatives have occurred in IgA-deficient patients with antibodies to IgA. This study reports the concentration of IgA in various blood products to assist in the development of treatment protocols for IgA-deficient patients. Five types of blood products and seven ...

The interaction between blood and the artificial devices used in haemodialysis results in the activation of the immune system. Complement activation is known to play a key role in the production of inflammatory mediators. This article describes the complement system and the way in which it is triggered in the ...

Although the scientific activity within blood preservation, plasma fractionation and treatment of coagulation disorders had been quite active in Sweden before 1978, the national coordination and self support with plasma products was insufficient. A programme for research and development was initiated in 1978 and resulted in important improvements. The production ...

Hemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease are hereditary disorders associated with qualitative and quantitative abnormalities of clotting factor VIII. A major clinical feature is excessive or abnormal bleeding often necessitating the use of transfusions of pooled blood products to achieve hemostasis. Exposure to blood products places the recipient at risk ...

Concern over possible acquisition of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) following blood transfusions has caused considerable anxiety for hospitalized patients who require blood products as part of their medical management. This anxiety is heightened due to the long incubation period between exposure and the development of symptoms of AIDS. Sick ...

The biostability of DSIP (delta sleep-inducing peptide) and two analogs in blood was investigated in order to determine if rates of inactivation contribute to variable effects in vivo. Incubation of DSIP in human or rat blood led to release of products having retention times on a gel filtration column equivalent ...

Viral infections are a frequent occurrence following transfusion of blood products. While generally benign, these infections are capable of causing significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is prudent to follow several general approaches diligently to reduce the risks of these infections in patients undergoing transfusions of blood products. These suggested ...

A reliable system for evaluating 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway inhibitors employing human whole blood stimulated by the calcium ionophore, A-23187, and yeast cell walls (YCW) is described. In developing this system, we have shown that leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) can be recovered quantitatively from whole blood, and can ...

The physiological response of Clostridium acetobutylicum to methyl and benzyl viologen was investigated. Viologen dyes at low concentrations (at levels of parts per million [micrograms per milliliter]) caused significant metabolic shifts. Altered electron flow appeared to direct carbon flow from acid to alcohol production accompanied by decreased hydrogen evolution. Reducing ...

We studied the patterns of in vitro IgM RF production by peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) in first- and second-degree relatives and non-blood relatives of 14 RA patients. In all these included 25 individuals with RA (14 probands, 11 other affected members), 88 non-affected first- and second-degree relatives and 15 ...

A short review is given on screening tests and regulatory requirements of viral inactivation for plasma products in the Federal Republic of Germany. Guidelines for blood group determination and blood transfusion and guidelines for plasmapheresis contain the particular directions for blood and plasma donations. The licensing of drugs is regulated ...

Methaemoglobin production after addition of DMAP to blood of various species, has been studied in vitro. The study was undertaken both with blood, as taken, and after equilibration with atmospheric oxygen. Considerable interspecies variation in methaemoglobin production was found. When the initial rate of methaemoglobin formation was considered only marmoset ...

The regulatory processes for therapeutic goods in Australia will be outlined with particular emphasis on the Federal Government's policy toward marketing of blood and related products and its role in the regulation of these therapeutic goods. Aspects which will also be briefly addressed are viral contamination, the need for a ...

The method of choice to reduce susceptibility to transfusion-transmitted graft-versus-host disease is irradiation of allogenic blood and blood products for transfusion to immunosuppressed recipients. Optimal irradiation requires delivery of a known and homogeneous absorbed dose. The use of absorbed dose in air measured at the center of the irradiation volume ...

In order to identify suitable parameters for measurement of thromboxane production in vivo, the metabolism of TXB2 was studied in the human. [3H8]-TXB2 was given intravenously to a healthy human volunteer. Blood samples were collected for 50 min after the injection, and urine was collected for 24 hours. The urinary ...