The current study reanalyzed 250 electrical fatalities in the construction industry from 1996 to 2002 into seven patterns based on source of electricity (power line, energized equipment, improperly installed or damaged equipment), direct contact or indirect contact through some source of injury (boom vehicle, metal bar or pipe, and other ...

Polydimethylsiloxane has been dominantly employed as the substrate material for microchip capillary electrophoresis. The poor surface chemistry, however, generates inconsistent electroosmotic flow under the electrophoretic condition, limiting its broader applications. In this work, different polyelectrolytes, including polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, polyvinyl sulfate, and dextran sulfate, were successfully deposited onto polydimethylsiloxane microchannel surfaces. ...

We have reported that electrical acupuncture stimulation (ACU) increases blood fluidity by decreasing platelet aggregation. In this study, we investigated the mechanism causing the increase of blood fluidity. The effects of ACU on blood fluidity and platelet adhesion were examined using a Micro Channel Array Flow Analyzer (MC-FAN) and a ...

The experimental and numerical results of the capillary-force-driven climb of wetting liquid in porous media, which is opposed by the gravity force, are analyzed with respect to the emergence of a multiphase flow front and flow stability of the climbing liquid. Two dynamic characteristics are used: (i) the multiphase flow ...

Blood transfusion services are a vital part of the national health delivery system. The responsibility for ensuring a continuous supply of blood rests with health administrators, who need to galvanize entire communities towards regular and non-remunerated blood donation. The present study aimed to examine the prevailing global regulations and practices ...

Symmetrical 30-60% stenosis in a common carotid artery under unsteady flow condition for Newtonian and six non-Newtonian viscosity models are investigated numerically. Results show power-law model produces higher deviations, in terms of velocity and wall shear stress in comparison with other models while generalized power-law and modified-Casson models are more ...

The physiological processes involved in tissue development and regeneration also include the parallel formation of blood and lymphatic vessel circulations which involves their growth, maturation and remodelling. Both vascular systems are also frequently involved in the development and progression of pathological conditions in tissues and organs. The blood vascular system ...

Mechanical ventilation is injurious to the lung. Use of lung-protective strategies may complicate patient management, motivating a search for better lung-replacement approaches. We investigated the ability of a novel extracorporeal venovenous CO2 removal device to reduce minute ventilation while maintaining normocarbia. Prospective animal study. Government laboratory animal intensive care unit. ...

To quantitatively model the changes in blood velocity profiles for different cardiac phases in human retinal vessels. An adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) was used to measure blood velocity profiles in three healthy subjects. Blood velocity was measured by tracking erythrocytes moving across a scanning line. From the radial ...

Central venous catheters are mandatory during every major procedure involving extracorporeal circulation. Air emboli potentially could enter the circulation through this device when negative pressure is applied in the venous cannula. The following experimental study was initiated by a fatal massive air embolus during a vascular procedure involving cardiopulmonary bypass. ...

OBJECTIVE: To construct an ideal extracorporeal life support (ECLS) circuit in terms of hemodynamic performance, each component of the circuit should be evaluated. Most cannulae manufacturers evaluate their products using water as the priming solution. We conducted this study to evaluate the different sizes of arterial and venous cannulae in ...

The objective of this study is to assess by echography and Doppler the Cerebral (Vmca), Aortic (Vao) and Femoral (Vfem) arterial flow velocity and calf vein (Tibial, Gastrocnemius) section (Tib, Gast) during orthostatic intolerance (OI) test after a 60-day, head down tilt bed rest (HDBR). Twenty-four women (25-40 years) underwent ...

This study was designed to demonstrate the safety and functional performance of the LIFEBRIDGE B(2)T system (Medizintechnik GmbH, Ampfing, Germany), a novel portable life support system, during human applications under controlled conditions. The LIFEBRIDGE system was used as a modular closed-circuit miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass system for total support of circulation ...

Allogeneic blood products have become a limited and expensive resource. The Continuous Autotransfusion System (CATS) has been promoted as a method for reducing the need for allogeneic blood transfusion. This study was undertaken to ascertain whether the use of CATS in emergency open AAA surgery has any benefits. This is a ...

The ability to undertake repeat measurements of flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) within a short time of a previous measurement would be useful to improve accuracy or to repeat a failed initial procedure. Although standard methods report that a minimum of 10 min is required between measurements, there is no published data ...

Adaptation of vascular networks to functional demands needs vessel growth, vessel regression and vascular remodeling. Biomechanical forces resulting from blood flow play a key role in these processes. It is well-known that metabolic stimuli, mechanical forces and flow patterns can affect gene expression and remodeling of vascular networks in different ...

BACKGROUND:: The effects of moderate-dose vasopressin on gastric mucosal perfusion and its relation to global and hepatosplanchnic hemodynamic and oxygen transport variables were investigated in patients with severe sepsis. METHODS:: Vasopressin was administered at a dose of 0.04 IU · kg · over 4 h in 12 patients with severe ...

Atherosclerotic lesions have a patchy distribution within arteries that suggests a controlling influence of haemodynamic stresses on their development. The distribution near aortic branches varies with age and species, perhaps reflecting differences in these stresses. Our previous work, which assumed steady flow, revealed a dependence of wall shear stress (WSS) ...

Failing cerebral blood flow autoregulation may contribute to cerebral damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of this study was to describe the time course of CO2-dependent autoregulation, measured as cerebral blood flow velocity in response to hyperventilation (vasomotor reactivity index [VMI]). We included 13 patients after severe TBI, ...

Flow-mediated dilation of the brachial or radial artery in response to transient hyperaemic flow, the most widely used test of endothelial function, is only manifest after flow decays back to baseline. We examined whether this dissociation of flow and diameter might be explained by a reduction in transmural pressure generated ...

Lipid-apheresis (LA) is thought to improve microcirculation. However, limited data are available on the effects on peripheral microcirculation. We investigated upper limb microcirculation of 22 patients undergoing regular LA on a weekly basis before and after LA. Using standardized semiquantitative scales, we analyzed blood flow, vasomotor function, and erythrocyte aggregation ...

BACKGROUND: Transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD) is a major concern in blood transfusion. The P-Capt filter has been shown to remove around 4 log ID(50) prion infectivity from prion-spiked human red blood cells (RBCs). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Two independent, single-center, randomized, open-label studies were designed to analyze the ...

OBJECTIVE:: Phlebotomy-induced blood loss in critically ill children is common, contributes to anemia, and may be avoidable. We aimed to identify factors associated with phlebotomy-induced blood loss. DESIGN:: Prospective observational study, single-center tertiary children's hospital. SETTING:: Pediatric intensive care unit. PATIENTS:: A total of 63 patients admitted to the pediatric ...

Understanding how vascular wall endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and fibroblasts (FBs) sense and transduce the stimuli of hemodynamic forces (shear stress, cyclic strain, and hydrostatic pressure) into intracellular biochemical signals is critical to prevent vascular disease development and progression. ECs lining the vessel lumen directly sense alterations ...

Wet foams are random-close-packed assemblies of approximately spherical gas bubbles in a liquid. We report rheological experiments with this material, showing that even though the stiffness and frictional interactions of bubbles strongly distinguish them from solid spherical grains, jamming and flow of wet foams and granular materials are governed by ...

This study compared the demands of a soccer match simulation (SMS) incorporating 90 min of soccer-specific movement with passing, dribbling and shooting skills with those of competitive match-play (match). 10 elite youth soccer players participated in SMS and match-play while ingesting fluid-electrolyte beverages. No differences existed between trials for mean ...

This work seeks to extend the utility of microfluidics to conventional blood sampling aperati. Daily medical care of hospitalized patients demands repeated needle punctures or interfacing with a catheter to collect blood samples. Large, research grade systems can autonomously sample blood from laboratory animals; however, a disposable aperatus that can ...

Abstract There is still a lack of quantitative information concerning optimal blood flow in the aorta and in the carotid arteries during extracorporeal circulation (ECC). Problems are not only based on the location of the aortic cannula, they are furthermore associated with the cannula design itself and the effects on ...

A 38-year-old woman experienced a massive postpartum haemorrhage 30 minutes after emergency caesarean delivery. The patient became severely haemodynamically compromised with an unrecordable blood pressure. Rapid fluid resuscitation was limited by the capacity of the intravenous cannula in place at the time and inability to establish additional vascular access using conventional ...

In recent years, artificial heart devices have been implanted in a considerable number of patients with terminal cardiac failure for bridge to transplantation and even destination therapy. These devices provide either pulsatile or continuous blood flow. To determine eventual physiological effects of these different types of flow on the aorta, ...

We sought to quantify ranges of normal myocardial perfusion and flow reserve in young, asymptomatic volunteers after systematic historical and laboratory screening for unexpected factors affecting coronary flow. Noninvasive cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) quantifies absolute flow and coronary flow reserve (CFR), thereby defining physiological severity of coronary artery disease ...

The novel PET flow tracer flurpiridaz F 18 shows high myocardial extraction and slow washout. flurpiridaz F 18 PET data analysis with tracer kinetic modeling provides accurate absolute myocardial blood flow (MBF) measurements but requires in-scanner injection and complex processing. We evaluated the hypothesis that myocardial retention and standardized uptake ...

AIM: To analyze the correlations between hemodynamic, oxygenation and tissue perfusion values in an infant animal model of asphyctic cardiac arrest (ACA). METHODS: A prospective observational animal study was performed in seventy one, two month-old piglets. CA was induced by removal of mechanical ventilation and was followed by advanced life ...

The mechanism underlying the plateau or relative decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) during maximal incremental dynamic exercise remains unclear. We hypothesized that cerebral perfusion is limited during high intensity dynamic exercise due to a redistribution of carotid artery blood flow. To identify the distribution of blood flow among the ...

The development of new-generation flexible ureteroscopes has improved diagnostic and therapeutic endourological procedures. Despite technical improvement irrigation flow and quality of vision is often unsatisfactory. This study describes inter-manufactural differences in the latest available flexible ureteroscopes in terms of irrigation flow in correlation to different deflection angles and the use ...

Background: Conventional parameters of circulation that are routinely used in neonatal intensive care units, including blood pressure, have been reported to be inadequate in improving prognosis of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. Recently, the importance of evaluating the blood flow to each organ, including both vital and nonvital organs, has been increasingly ...

Intracardiac blood flow patterns are potentially important to cardiac pumping efficiency. However, these complex flow patterns remain incompletely characterized both in health and disease. We hypothesized that normal left ventricular (LV) blood flow patterns would preferentially optimize a portion of the end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) for effective and rapid systolic ejection, ...

The aim of this study is to define the fluid mechanics of a pulsatile pneumatically driven pediatric ventricular assist device (PVAD), for the reduced flow rates encountered during device weaning and myocardial recovery, and relate the results to the potential for thromboembolic events. We place an acrylic model of the ...

Right axillary artery (RAA) cannulation is increasingly used in cardiac surgery. Little is known about resulting flow patterns in the aorta. Therefore, flow was visualized and analyzed. A mock circulatory circuit was assembled based on a compliant transparent anatomical silicon aortic model. An RAA cannula was connected to a continuous ...

Background: Structural coronary microcirculation abnormalities are important prognostic determinants in clinical settings. However, assessment of microvascular resistance (MR) requires a velocity wire. A first-pass distribution analysis (FPA) technique to measure volumetric blood flow has previously been validated. The aim of this study was the in vivo validation of the MR ...

A micropump provides flow and pressure for a lab-on-chip device, just as a battery supplies current and voltage for an electronic system. Numerous micropumps have been developed, but none is as versatile as a battery. One cannot easily insert a micropump into a nonterminal position of a fluidic line without ...

OBJECTIVES: It has been shown that the leg muscle pump increases arterial leg blood flow during upright exercise in healthy subjects, and that this effect is reduced in patients with incompetence of the great saphenous vein (GSV). In this study, patients with GSV reflux causing varicose veins were investigated after ...

The United States (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and key partners conducted a systematic review of the effectiveness of 0.08% blood alcohol concentration (BAC) laws on alcohol-related traffic mortality. Review findings of strong evidence of effectiveness were presented by partners during US Congressional hearings contributing to the ...

The PulseCath iVAC 3L(TM) left ventricular assist device is an option to treat transitory left heart failure or dysfunction post-cardiac surgery. Assisted blood flow should reach up to 3 l/min. In the present in vitro model exact pump flow, depending on various frequencies and afterload was examined. Optimal flow was ...

Goal-directed therapy (GDT) describes the protocolized use of cardiac output and related parameters as end-points for fluid and/or inotropic therapy administration. Identifying the patient who will benefit from it has implications throughout perioperative management. The fundamental principle behind GDT is optimizing tissue perfusion by manipulating heart rate, stroke volume, hemoglobin ...

Recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (rAAV9) vectors show robust in vivo transduction by a systemic approach. It has been proposed that rAAV9 has enhanced ability to cross the vascular endothelial barriers. However, the scientific basis of systemic administration of rAAV9 and its transduction mechanisms have not been fully established. Here, ...

A prototype of a new implantable centrifugal blood pump system named Heart Turcica Centrifugal (HTC) was developed as a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) for the treatment of end-stage cardiac failure. In the development of HTC, effects of blade height and volute tongue profiles on the hydraulic and hemolytic performances ...

Goal-directed therapy (GDT) describes the protocolized use of cardiac output and related parameters as end-points for fluid and/or inotropic therapy administration. Identifying the patient who will benefit from it has implications throughout perioperative management. The fundamental principle behind GDT is optimizing tissue perfusion by manipulating heart rate, stroke volume, hemoglobin ...

Abstract Background: Findings regarding the influence hemodynamic factors, such as increased arterial blood flow or venous abnormalities, on breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema are mixed. The purpose of this study was to compare segmental arterial blood flow, venous blood return, and blood volumes between breast cancer survivors with treatment-related lymphedema and ...

Abstract BACKGROUND: Catheter-related thrombosis is a common complication in all anatomical sites, especially when smaller veins of the upper extremity are considered. It is presumed that the presence of a catheter within the lumen of a vein will decrease flow and potentially create stasis, and clinical data suggests that the ...