Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest-volume chemicals produced worldwide, and human exposure to BPA is thought to be ubiquitous. Thus, there are concerns that the amount of BPA to which humans are exposed may cause adverse health effects. We examined many possibilities for why biomonitoring and toxicokinetic studies ...

The aim of this study was to determine the potential application of N-chlorotaurine (NCT), N,N-dichloro-2,2- dimethyltaurine (NVC-422) and N-chloro-2,2-dimethyltaurine (NVC-612) as catheter-lock solutions for the prevention of catheter blockage and catheter-related bloodstream infections by testing their anticoagulant and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in human blood.NCT, NVC-422 and NVC-612 and control compounds ...

Acute bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening disease in humans. Discussed as entry sites for pathogens into the brain are the blood-brain and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). Although human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) constitute a well established human in vitro model for the blood-brain barrier, until now no reliable ...

Background. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an ubiquitous chemical contaminant that has recently been associated with adverse effects on human health. There is incomplete understanding of BPA toxicokinetics, and there are no established interventions to eliminate this compound from the human body. Using 20 study participants, this study was designed to ...

Quantification of blood oxygen saturation on the basis of a measurement of its magnetic susceptibility demands knowledge of the difference in volume susceptibility between fully oxygenated and fully deoxygenated blood (Δχ(do) ). However, two very different values of Δχ(do) are currently in use. In this work we measured Δχ(do) as ...

Abstract. In the last decade, leptospirosis has emerged as a globally important infectious disease. Humans most commonly become infected through occupational, recreational, or domestic contact with the urine of carrier animals, either directly or through contaminated water or soil. The disease occurs in urban areas of industrialized and developing countries ...

Plant latex has many health benefits and has been used in folk medicine. In this study, the biological effect of Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) latex on human blood coagulation was investigated. By a combination of heat precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography, a heat stable heteromultimeric glycoprotein (HSGPL1) was purified from jackfruit milky ...

In this paper we explore how the structural properties of miniature networks influence the transport of blood through the human cerebral microvasculature. We propose four methods for generating such networks and investigate both how the resulting network properties match available experimental data from the human cortex and how these properties ...

Background: Research indicating the effects of real blood or of its iconic representation on human behaviour has thus far concentrated on phobia and aggressiveness. Little is known about other responses or, more fundamentally, about the biological basis of all such responses. Aim: In this study it is examined whether or ...

BACKGROUND: Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are released by the nociceptive sensory nerve and are involved in blood flow, pain and inflammation in the nasal mucosa. The purpose of this study was to assess the distribution of the SP and CGRP nerve fibres related to blood supply ...

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the imposition of personalized, non-invasively measured blood flow rates as boundary conditions (BCs) influences image-based computational hemodynamic studies in the human aorta. We extracted from 4D phase-contrast MRI acquisitions of a healthy human (1) the geometry of the thoracic aorta with ...

Aim:  The human fetoplacental vasculature has been suggested to be a low resistance/high flow system, but the mechanisms by which this state is achieved are unclear. Methods:  This study assessed the effects of intraluminal flow and local oxygenation on isolated human placental chorionic plate arteries and veins at term using ...

Human bocavirus DNA was detected by means of a quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction at low levels in the 5.51% of sera obtained from healthy blood donors, suggesting that viral detection in blood is not necessarily associated with disease status.

Symbiotic bacteria of the genus Asaia have been proposed as tools for control of mosquito-borne diseases, specifically malaria. However, safety issues are a major concern for paratransgenesis strategies. The aim of this study is to investigate, with immunofluorescence assays and quantitative PCR experiments, whether Asaia spp. is circulating among humans. ...

Secreted reporters detected in body fluids (blood, serum or urine) have shown to be simple and useful tools for ex vivo real-time monitoring of in vivo biological processes. Here we explore the most commonly used secreted blood reporters in experimental animals: secreted alkaline phosphatase, soluble marker peptides derived from human ...

The function of the paranasal sinuses has been a controversial subject since the time of Galen, with many different theories advanced about their biological significance. For one, the paranasal sinuses have been regarded as warmers of respiratory air, when in actuality these structures appear to function in cooling the blood. ...

The structural diversity of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) strongly depends on the Lewis (Le) blood group status of the donor which allows a classification of these glycans into three different groups. Starting from 50 μL of human milk, a new high-throughput, standardized, and widely automated mass spectrometric approach has been established ...

Monocrotaline (MCT) is a naturally occurring hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid found in plants. This investigation is aimed at furthering the understanding of the role of blood in mediating the transport of MCT and its reactive metabolites in humans. Reactions of monocrotaline and its metabolites, dehydromonocrotaline (DHM), retronecine (RET) and dehydroretronecine (DHR) ...

An ex vivo protocol was developed to assay the antidotal capacity of rePON1 variants to protect endogenous acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in human whole blood against OP nerve agents. This protocol permitted us to address the relationship between blood rePON1 concentrations, their kinetic parameters, and the level of protection conferred by ...

Nano- and micro particles in human blood affect drastically the charge transfer CT through the viable fluid. Low-frequency dielectric properties of the blood, characterized by CT of Ò- dispersion type, are widely investigated with special stress on physical mechanisms. However, no publication, in the literature, deals with the presence of ...

Some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been found in human semen but until this point it was unclear whether polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) could be detected in human semen. In this study, PBDEs were found for the first time in human semen samples (n=101) from Taizhou, China. The concentrations of ...

BACKGROUND: Blood of individuals with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is infectious but the titer is unknown. Current estimates of possible vCJD infectivity titers in blood have largely relied on an assumption that the titers of vCJD agent in human blood are likely to be similar to those in blood of ...

Human sweat, liquid ammonia, and bovine blood are known to be attractive to some hematophagous flies. These materials were evaluated with and without carbon dioxide (CO(2) ) for their ability to increase capture of female "canyon flies" (Fannia conspicua Malloch) using CDC-type suction traps (without light). Ammonia acted synergistically with ...

BACKGROUND: Dielectric spectra of human blood reveal a rich variety of dynamic processes. Achieving a better characterization and understanding of these processes not only is of academic interest but also of high relevance for medical applications as, e.g., the determination of absorption rates of electromagnetic radiation by the human body. ...

Elevation of intraluminal pressure increases vasomotor tone, which thought to have a substantial role in regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Interestingly, responses of cerebral vessels to increases in flow varied and have not been studied in human cerebral arteries. We hypothesized that increases in flow elicit constrictions of isolated ...

ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to analyze why ozone can be medically useful when it dissolves in blood or in other biological fluids. In reviewing a number of clinical studies performed in Peripheral Arterial Diseases (PAD) during the last decades, it has been possible to confirm the long-held ...

Many physiological changes associated with spaceflight, including decreases in orthostatic tolerance, exercise capacity, and blood volume have been reported. Orthostatic intolerance is a problem affecting many astronauts immediately postspaceflight. In particular, the relationship between orthostatic intolerance and cerebral autoregulation has been the focus of study in our research group. Although ...

BACKGROUND: We tested the coupling portion of a prototype intraluminal distraction enterogenesis device to allow flow-through of simulated enteric contents (SEC) in both pig and human jejunum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SEC was made using 80% corn syrup. Ten-cm pig and human intestinal segments had a spoke-shaped 2.2 cm coupling adaptor sutured ...

Objective. Dysregulated vascular resistance contributes to hypotension following preterm birth with sex-specific differences in microvascular function conferring a male disadvantage. We hypothesized that glucocorticoid mediated, sex-specific differences in the endogenous catecholamine norepinephrine and endothelially derived endothelin-1 (ET-1) contribute to microvascular dysfunction in preterm neonates in the immediate newborn period. Methods. Umbilical and ...

Introduction  Blood products from female donors have been associated with worse outcome after blood transfusions. We aimed to quantify the association of overall mortality with transfusions from female blood donors. Methods  We performed a cohort study of all transfusion recipients during a 5-year period at the Leiden University Medical Center. ...

Pioneering studies have been conducted to reveal the functional characteristics of the two-pump system of the female mosquito. Mosquitoes are equipped with two pumping organs located in the head: the cibarial (CP) and the pharyngeal (PP) pumps. To analyze the functional relationship of these pumps during the blood-sucking process, micro-particle ...

The influence of body mass (M(b)) on the physiology of large, adult fish is poorly understood, in part because of the logistical difficulties of studying large individuals. For the first time, this study quantified the influence of M(b) on the resting heart rate (f(H)), blood properties and organ masses of ...

Intraoperative cell salvage exerts shear stress upon RBCs, particularly as they are suctioned from the surgical field. Shear stress can result in overt hemolysis or it can cause sublethal injury to the suctioned RBCs. The mechanical fragility (MF) test uses shear stress to measure the extent of RBC sublethal injury. ...

The OFF! Clip-On fan vaporizer device releasing metofluthrin was evaluated against phletobomine sand flies in the Judean Desert, Israel, in October, 2009. A total of 76,400 sand flies was collected, with male flies representing 98.3%Phlebotomus sergenti and 1.7%P. papatasi. Females comprised 43.0% of the total catch and included 6.7% blood-fed ...

This study reports a high-resolution MRI approach to image basal blood flow and hypercapnia-induced blood-flow changes in the unanesthetized human retina on a 3-T MRI scanner. Pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling technique with static tissue suppression was implemented to minimize movement artifacts and improve blood-flow sensitivity. Turbo spin-echo acquisition was used ...

Hematological and biochemical parameters are routinely used as indicators of the physiological or sublethal stress response to endogenous or exogenous changes in fish. In this work, the sublethal toxic effects of endosulfan (0.002 mg l(-1)) on certain hematological and biochemical parameters of Labeo fimbriatus were examined for 28 days and ...

This article analyses the dependence of load value, age, gender and pathology on arterial blood pressure and blood flow rate. Three male and female different age groups were examined. The load applied ranged from 50 W to 150 W. The hodograms for different genders and age groups were made. These ...

By considering the work of American embalmer, lawyer, and physician Carl Lewis Barnes (1872-1927), this paper analyzes the emergence of modern embalming in America. Barnes experimented with and exhibited the techniques by which embalming fluids travelled into the most remote cavities of the human body. In this sense, modem embalmers ...

Variant CJD (vCJD) is an incurable, infectious human disease, likely arising from the consumption of BSE-contaminated meat products. Whilst the epidemic appears to be waning, there is much concern that vCJD infection may be perpetuated in humans by the transfusion of contaminated blood products. Since 2004, several cases of transfusion-associated ...

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is the etiologic agent of all forms of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and the plasmablastic cell variant of multicentric Castleman disease. In endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa, blood transfusions have been associated with a substantial risk of HHV-8 ...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized vascular system that impedes entry of all large and the vast majority of small molecules including the most potent central nervous system (CNS) disease therapeutic agents from entering from the lumen into the brain parenchyma. Microbubble-enhanced, focused ultrasound (ME-FUS) has been previously shown ...

BACKGROUND: Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) mitigation strategies include the deferral of female donors from apheresis platelet (PLT) donations and the distribution of plasma for transfusion from male donors only. We studied the implications of these policies in terms of component loss at six blood centers in the United States. ...

"IZUMI" is a new kind of vinegar resulting from an improvement in the manufacturing method of Kurosu, a traditional vinegar product made from unpolished rice. We evaluated the antioxidant activity of this new Kurosu by means of measuring the level of diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM), the biological antioxidant potential (BAP), ...

Starting with a subtle blood glucose-lowering effect of a TGF-β inhibitor, we designed and synthesized a series of benzoylpyrrole-based carboxylic acids as PPARs activators. Among these compounds, 10sNa exhibited favorable blood glucose-lowering effect without body weight gain. We assume that the beneficial effect of 10sNa is attributed to not only ...

The consumption of carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages (CEs) has been known to be more effective than plain water for recovery from dehydration. This phenomenon suggests that the ingestion of CEs after dehydration is better than water for maintaining body fluid and plasma volume, and for the recovery from hemoconcentration and high blood ...

It remains a challenge to deliver effective concentrations of therapeutics into CNS pathologies, which is primarily due to the fact that current and investigational CNS therapeutics are suboptimally-sized to accumulate to effective concentrations in individual diseased CNS tissue cells. The blood-CNS barrier of blood capillary microvasculature within neuropathologic tissues is ...

New criteria for young blood donors were recently developed to minimize faint reactions in this high-risk group. The aim of this study was to determine the impact implementation of these criteria would have on collections and donor faint or prefaint reaction rates at our university blood center. Donor history questionnaires ...

Jet Fuel 8 (JP-8) is a major fuel source used by US and NATO military. JP-8 is a complex mixture of aliphatic and aromatic isomers of hydrocarbons. Tissue/blood partition coefficient (PC) values are chemical-specific parameters used in modeling the kinetic behavior of chemicals. The partition coefficient values for n-alkanes tend ...

 Although women with antiphospholipid antibodies (APLAs) are at increased risk of recurrent miscarriage, the outcome of a subsequent pregnancy is not clearly elucidated. To assess the pregnancy outcome of a subsequent pregnancy in women with APLAs and compare this outcome with women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage.  We performed a cohort ...

Marine fishes in South Florida (Florida Keys-Florida Bay-Everglades region) accumulate higher concentrations of mercury (Hg) in their tissues than similar fishes from other areas of the southeastern U.S., though it is not known whether these elevated levels affect fish health. In this study, we used quantifiable pathological and biochemical indicators ...