Two strategies have been used to increase the 99Tcm binding strength of human serum albumin (HSA) and thus enhance its blood retention. In a first approach, HSA was derivatized with a varying number of hydrazino nicotinyl (Hynic) side-chains using N-hydroxysuccinimidyl hydrazino nicotinate. Labelling of this albumin derivative with 99Tcm resulted ...

Regional isolated perfusion using tumor necrosis factor (TNF) shows significant promise for treatment of cancer which is limited to limbs or organs. The high toxicity of TNF requires very sensitive real time monitoring of leakage in order to avoid serious patient complications. Human serum albumin labeled with iodine-131 is used ...

Microdialysis was used to sample morphine 6-glucuronide (M6G) and morphine in striatal extracellular fluid after systemic administration in awake, freely moving rats. Morphine or M6G (25-67 mumol/kg) was given subcutaneously, and blood and striatal dialysate were sampled repeatedly during 120 min. Blood samples were obtained by indwelling catheters in the ...

The article presents data concerning the osmolality and concentration of electrolytes and hormones regulating their balance for blood serum of 223 cosmonauts and astronauts. The obtained results allow us to judge the constancy of physicochemical parameters for the blood serum of healthy individuals and how they react to extreme conditions ...

Human immunoglobulin (HIG) was labelled with 99Tcm using different Sn-ligand (methylene diphosphonate, MDP) in high yields. The effect of Sn:ligand ratios and protein (HIG) on the biodistribution pattern of 99Tcm-HIG in an animal model of turpentine-induced inflammatory lesions was studied. 99Tcm-HIG was excreted predominantly via the renal pathway. The use ...

Purified African horse sickness virus (AHSV) was fed, as part of a blood meal, to adult females from a susceptible colony of Culicoides variipennis, established in the insectories at the Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, UK. The meal consisted of heparinized blood obtained from ovine, bovine, equine (horse and ...

A flow injection configuration for the spectrofluorimetric determination of magnesium is proposed. The method is based on the formation of a strongly fluorescent complex of magnesium ion with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde salicyloylhydrazone in alkaline, aqueous-ethanolic (50% v/v) solutions. The optimal chemical conditions for complex formation in the mixed solvent were studied and ...

AIMS--To confirm the observation of extremely high concentrations of ferritin in postmortem serum samples in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS); to examine the factors influencing blood ferritin concentrations postmortem; to determine whether or not these high blood ferritin concentrations are characteristic of SIDS. METHODS--Postmortem samples of cardiac blood were obtained ...

1. The concentrations of amiodarone/desethylamiodarone, digoxin, flecainide and sotalol were measured in serum collected immediately prior to death and in postmortem blood collected from the femoral vein and artery of an 18-year-old male with congenital heart disease who developed a fatal arrhythmia. 2. The concentrations of all four drugs in ...

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) erythrocytes lack complement regulatory membrane proteins and are susceptible to complement. Although the critical role of complement in intravascular hemolysis in PNH is accepted, the precise mechanism of complement activation in vivo is unknown. Accordingly, in a PNH patient who was suffering from a hemolytic precipitation ...

During 1992, a widespread outbreak of Equine viral arteritis (EVA) occurred at a riding establishment near Barcelona, Spain. A total of 31 out of 186 horses on the premises displayed clinical signs, most frequently, fever, depression, mild ventral and limb oedema and a vesicular-erosive stomatitis, with hypersalivation, petechiations and small ...

The serum myoglobin levels of 58 fatalities were investigated with special reference to correlations of the myoglobin-concentrations with the postmortem interval, the site of blood sampling and the cause of death (especially concerning death caused by electric current). An increase of the myoglobin values with the passage of postmortem time ...

Twelve abomasally cannulated wether lambs were fed isocaloric diets containing 9, 12 or 15% crude protein to determine insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) responses to altered abomasal nitrogen flow and nitrogen status. Lambs were offered 1100 g/d of their respective diets. Voluntary feed consumption was not affected by nitrogen intake. Ruminal ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the reduction of body iron stores by venesection (blood letting) would reduce the susceptibility to oxidation of atherogenic serum lipoproteins. DESIGN: This is a randomized, controlled cross-over trial in 14 regularly smoking men with elevated serum ferritin concentration. ...

Recently an important role for magnesium in establishing the threshold for migraine attacks has become evident. Accordingly, we measured serum and red blood cell magnesium levels in juvenile migraine patients with and without aura interictally. In comparison with normal subjects, migraineurs had significantly lower serum and red blood cell magnesium ...

To avoid the well-known shortcomings of phenotyping granulocytes for the NA antigens using NA-specific human sera, a DNA-based method to determine the NA genotype was developed. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood cells or serum, amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immobilized on nylon membrane and genotyped using digoxigenin-labeled, sequence-specific ...

The degradation of liposomes in blood circulation is important in regulating the releasing rate of encapsulated compounds. In this study, the effect of liposome size--one of the principal determining factors in liposome disposition--on their degradation in serum/blood was evaluated quantitatively both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro ...

Hematologic and serum chemistry reference values were determined for 160 12-month-old brown untamed captive mink (Mustela vision). Blood was obtained by jugular venipuncture after administration of ketamine and xylazine. There were no statistically significant differences between male and female mink. The packed cell volume, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count ...

Effect of oral administration of crude aqueous neem extract on serum testosterone and other blood constituents was studied in the male Wistar rats for 10 weeks. The neem treatment resulted in significant decreases (p < 0.01) in total testosterone, total bilirubin and K+ in serum. There were also increases (p ...

We have examined the effects of administration of the blood substitute, liposome-encapsulated haemoglobin (LEH), in the normovolaemic rat. Test groups included LEH, lyophilized EH, the liposome vehicle, unencapsulated haemoglobin and normal saline, which were injected into the tail vein (n = 6; n = 3 for sham and saline groups). ...

Thirty-two percent dextran 70 is used to help visualize the uterine cavity during hysteroscopy and is also used intraperitoneally to prevent adhesions. We measured serum electrolytes, serum osmolarity, hematocrit, arterial blood gas and coagulation profile in 11 patients receiving dextran 70 while undergoing hysteroscopy. Dextran 70 had no significant effect ...

Blood phagocytes from patients with asthma have an increased capacity to produce reactive oxygen metabolites. We studied whether whole blood luminol-dependent chemiluminescence could detect this phenomenon in patients with a normal spirometry but bronchial hyperreactivity as determined with a methacholine bronchial challenge test. Whole blood chemiluminescence, serum eosinophilic cationic protein ...

Serum biochemical profile and whole blood chemiluminescent (CL) responses in 8 Holstein cattle affected with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) were evaluated. Concentrations of sodium, chloride and calcium in serum from cattle affected with LAD were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased as compared with controls. The characteristic changes in serum proteins ...

Biological methods were employed to measure the dynamic changes in the in vitro IL-1 production by blood monocytes in 24 severely burned patients. The serum myocardial and hepatic enzymes (C-reactive protein) (CRP), plasma lactic acid (LA), etc. were simultaneously measured. The results showed an obvious decrease in blood monocyte IL-1 ...

Ion-selective electrode with cellulose triacetate membrane containing nonactin is employed for the potentiometric detection of ammonia produced in biocatalytic reaction in flow-injection system with enzyme reactor. The elimination of interferences occurring in the presence of alkali metal ions was achieved by covering a nonactin membrane with outer hydrophobic gas permeable ...

The authors investigated the association of the amount and intensity of conditioning leisure time physical activity with serum ferritin and blood hemoglobin concentrations in 1,743 eastern Finnish men who were aged 42-60 years during the period 1984-1989. The duration and frequency of physical activity were associated inversely with serum ferritin ...

When the serum hemolytic activity in Babesia gibsoni-infected dogs was determined with self red blood cells from the infected animals, the decrease in the activity is paralleled with the increase in the number of reticulocytes. The activity determined with red blood cells from phenylhydrazine-induced anemia also decreased parallel with the ...

By using leukotriene D4 (LTD4)-labeled alkaline phosphatase (LTD4-AP) and a mouse monoclonal anti-sulfidoleukotriene (sLT) antibody (1A-LDR1), we developed a solid-phase competition ELISA for sLTs. The detection limit of this assay was 6.3 +/- 1.2 pg sLT/100 microliters (mean +/- SEM; n = 10). Intraassay variations at 15, 50 and 150 ...

Two methods were optimized for the determination of zinc in samples of blood, serum, and ultrafiltrate fluid from patients with chronic renal impairment undergoing hemofiltration. In the first procedure, after acid digestion of the samples, Zn in blood and serum is determined by a system coupled to flow injection analysis ...

In vitro blood/air partition coefficients (KB/A) for acetone, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, toluene, and styrene were measured in blood samples from 73 human subjects and correlated with blood chemistry parameters (hematocrit, total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum albumin, total plasma proteins, Na+, K+, Cl-, and HCO3-). Statistically significant inter-individual variation existed in KB/A between ...

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an idiopathic disorder characterized by fatigue that is markedly exacerbated by physical exertion. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that mild exercise (walking 1 mph [1 mile = 1.609 km] for 30 min) would provoke serum cytokine and cerebral blood flow abnormalities of ...

PURPOSE: To probe the role of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the pathogenesis of disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) associated with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for primary central nervous system demyelination. METHODS: Strain-13 guinea pigs were sensitized for EAE with central myelin in complete Freund's adjuvant. ...

The usefulness of a dry-chemistry blood analyzer, Spotchem SP-4410 (SP-4410) in a veterinary clinic for analysis of bovine and equine blood chemistry was studied. We quantitated total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), total bilirubin (T-Bil), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (T-Cho), glucose (Glu), calcium (Ca), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), ...

Fifty-five hematologic, blood gas, blood chemistry, and serum mineral values were determined from a random sample of 29 clinically healthy goats from an equal number of randomly selected herds in the piedmont of North Carolina. Descriptive statistics and equations for calculated values are presented. The internal and external validity of ...

This study compared the effect of sodium dodecyl-sulfate, potassium ferricyanide, and preincubation technique to continuous-flow analysis and prior deproteinization to correct the negative interference of bilirubin on serum creatinine found by the kinetic Jaffé reaction. Bilirubin increased to 684 mumol/L did not interfere with serum creatinine measured by the methods ...

Twelve consecutive patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were perfused with the Cobe Optima hollow fibre oxygenator. Gas transfer characteristics and blood handling were studied. The device had a maximum oxygen transfer of 315 ml/minute. The average shunt fraction was 4.5%, and was not influenced by blood-flow rate. Mean platelet count ...

Eight male cross-country runners and five male swimmers were tested four times during their collegiate seasons. Each trial corresponded to a different training load. The runners' trials were conducted before the start of organized practice (RT1), after 3 wk of increased training (RT2), 3 wk prior to the conference championship ...

In the course of year 1991 and 1992 about 594 blood donors of the Brno agglomeration in the Czech Republic were examined for the ochratoxin A content (OA) in blood serum. When higher concentrations of OA were found the blood donors were examined repeatedly (differentiation of acute or chronic exposure). ...

To determine the usefulness of blood culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis in detecting circulating Borrelia burgdorferi or its DNA, blood and serum from untreated patients with acute Lyme disease were examined. None of the cultures of blood or serum from the 7 patients tested demonstrated spirochetes. Similarly, all ...

A digestion procedure for selenium determination by hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) in whole blood, serum and urine is described, it employs sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide and vanadium (V) sulfuric acid reagent solution. The method is rapid, uses no explosive reagents and can be performed at a constant temperature ...

A variety of medicaments used on dentine in various treatment procedures may cause a reduction in dentine permeability. By observing the flow of endogenous serum albumin across exposed dentine, agents known to promote dentine bonding of restorative resins or retard dentine sensitivity were assessed regarding their capacity to arrest dentinal ...

To study the in vivo response of conchal (turbinate) osteoclasts to Pasteurella multocida toxin, four gnotobiotic pigs (7 days of age) were inoculated subcutaneously with 0.2 microgram/kg of purified toxin. One toxin-treated pig along with one control pig were necropsied at 2, 5, 9, and 14 days postinoculation. The entire ...

The availability of portable analysers potentially puts the detection of individuals with high serum cholesterol levels on a similar footing to that of high blood pressure. The Reflotron, which can make cholesterol measurements on capillary blood samples without the need for centrifugation, has been evaluated in clinical practice. In 94 ...

Anaemia was detected in housed lambs by clinical and haematological investigation. Conjunctival pallor was used as a clinical test for anaemia and the results indicate that this has high specificity (91 per cent to 95 per cent) and low sensitivity (53 per cent to 55 per cent). The haematological results ...

This paper describes analytical methods to estimate environmental and occupational exposure levels of chromium in blood and serum by Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry. Also reported is an internal quality control procedure involving a combination of an online quality control and subsequent statistical evaluation of the quality control results to evaluate ...

In previous work, a low M(r) component from human blood which converts serum-sensitive gonococci to resistance was shown to be indistinguishable from cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetyl neuraminic acid (CMP-NANA) by seven criteria. However, the presence of CMP-NANA was not proved by physicochemical methods. Purified, high M(r) fractions from human blood cells, which ...

The present study was intended to examine the stability of amiodarone (Cordarex, CAS 1951-25-3) and its metabolite desethylamiodarone. For this purpose 20 ml of blood were taken from each of 12 patients treated with amiodarone and were stored, after centrifuging, at room temperature, +5 degrees C, -18 degrees C and ...

We investigated the impact of correction for contamination from hemolysis on serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 (S-LD-1) determinations. A study of hemolysates from 7 control patients showed a mean correction factor for the contamination of 0.1 U/L S-LD-1 for each 1 mg/L serum hemoglobin (S-Hb). S-LD-1 in a series of ...

Requests for blood tests to resolve issues of disputed paternity fall under three main categories: (1) Proof of adultery; (2) Proof of kinship (a) in claims for citizenship, (b) to make material changes to the Birth Certificate, (c) for settlement of family disputes usually in inheritance matters; and (3) Investigation ...

Equine blood may contain salicylic acid (SA) taken up as free acid or represents the metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). To obtain information of SA in race horses we screened blood samples of trotting-horses routinely drawn to be analyzed for doping substances. The individual values determined followed a Gaussian distribution ...