OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of the treatment of lymphoedema by intra-arterial infusion of autologous lymphocytes. DESIGN: Open study. SETTING: University Hospital. SUBJECTS: 13 patients with refractory lymphoedema. INTERVENTIONS: Lymphocytes were separated from the patient's own blood using a blood cell separator; about 100 cc of lymphocyte dominant blood separated ...

In a comparative cross-over trial we examined the influence of the betablocker bisoprolol and the ACE-inhibitor lisinopril on the peripheral blood flow of 2 groups of hypertensive patients with and without concomitant intermittent claudication. In 11 patients with hypertension without peripheral arterial obstructive disease and 11 patients with hypertension and ...

The diving response in human beings is characterized by breath-holding, slowing of the heart rate (diving bradycardia), reduction of limb blood flow and a gradual rise in the mean arterial blood pressure. The bradycardia results from increased parasympathetic stimulus to the cardiac pacemaker. The reduction in limb blood flow is ...

1. Local skeletal muscle blood flow was monitored using the microdialysis ethanol technique and 133Xe clearance during intermittent isometric contractions (5 s on/10 s off) of the thigh at 0-60% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction force. 2. A linear increase in blood flow over a 25-fold range was detected ...

Capillary filtration rate, venous compliance and blood flow in arms and legs were measured during bed rest by strain gauge plethysmography using a liquid metal alloy in silastic tubes. Furthermore orthostatic tolerance to lower body suction was recorded. Six young healthy males and three young healthy females participated in the ...

Previous studies have advanced the concept that during sustained handgrip (SHG) reflex increases in blood pressure are able to partially offset increases in tissue pressure and thus effectively maintain increases in muscle blood flow during mild to moderate levels of sustained handgrip. However, this concept is based upon measurements of ...

We hypothesized that acute electrical stimulation of a latissimus dorsi cardiomyoplasty would augment the collateral blood flow delivered by the skeletal muscle to the heart. This hypothesis was tested in an animal model (13 goats) of coronary artery disease. Six weeks after a cardiomyoplasty was performed, myocardial collateral blood flow ...

This study aimed to correlate blood pressure (BP) level assessed either by casual or by 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring and regional (calf and finger) blood flow and associated vascular resistance in subjects with low, intermediate, and high BP. In 75 subjects covering the range from low BP to normo- and ...

Temperature and blood flow studies were performed in the upper limbs of six patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), nine patients with repetitive strain injury (RSI) and 12 control subjects using thermography, laser Doppler flowmetry, infrared photoplethysmography and venous occlusion strain gauge plethysmography. The contralateral responses of the symptomatic and ...

Thirty-four patients with ischaemic rest pain in 42 limbs and ankle pressure equal to or less than 50 mmHg have been treated with intravenous infusion of synthetic prostacyclin (iloprost) for eight days. Leg blood flow was measured with air plethysmography before treatment, on day 4 and day 8 of treatment. ...

Color-flow and duplex ultrasonography were used to determine the optimal method for documenting venous valvular reflux. Popliteal veins were examined in 10 normal limbs and 11 limbs with clinical evidence of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). Peak reflux velocity (spectral) and duration of reflux (spectral and color) were measured with the ...

Despite their lack of brown adipose tissue, 6-wk-old cold-acclimated muscovy ducklings (4 degrees C; CA) exhibit nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) in the cold. To determine the site of this NST, the regional distribution of blood flow was measured by the microsphere method in the thermoneutral zone (25 degrees C) and during ...

Venous stasis associated with prolonged bed rest can enhance the risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Pneumatic compression of the lower extremities can reduce this risk by preventing venous stasis. When selecting a method of leg compression for their patients, physicians must chose between two distinctly different types of compression ...

To validate the use of 201Tl distribution as an estimate of regional blood flow in the legs, 201Tl leg uptake was compared by whole body scintigraphy and simultaneously measured leg blood flow by plethysmography during one-leg exercise in 11 male subjects. 201Tl leg uptake ratio and leg blood flow ratio ...

1. White Leghorn cockerels were exercised continuously for 45 minutes on a treadmill at work loads equivalent to 2.1 and 2.7 times pre-exercise metabolic rates, the latter being close to the performance limits of the experimental birds. 2. Relative blood flow to the abdominal viscera and selected leg muscles was ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition on collateral-dependent blood flow (BF) during exercise. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (approximately 320 g) were fed zabicipril, an ACE inhibitor, mixed with powdered food at 0.0, 0.3, and 3.0 mg.kg-1 x day-1 (n = 12/group) ...

The effect of Charnley cemented total hip replacement on venous blood flow in the legs and its relationship to deep-vein thrombosis were investigated in 413 patients. Blood flow was measured using strain-gauge plethysmography before operation, after surgery, and after discharge from hospital. There was a significant reduction in both venous ...

OBJECTIVES: Abnormalities of skeletal muscle perfusion and metabolism may be important in the symptomatic limitation of patients with chronic heart failure. A method for assessing both skeletal muscle blood flow and mass would be useful in clinical practice and research. Ultrafast computed tomography has the potential to make these measurements. ...

Isotope limb blood flow studies were carried out using balloon, laser and Kensey catheter techniques to assess the outcome of peripheral angioplasty. Limb blood flow and Doppler ankle-brachial pressure measurements were obtained before angioplasty and at 6 months after angioplasty in a total of 101 angioplastied limbs: A fall in ...

OBJECTIVES: The relationship between regional circulation (blood flow or calculated resistance) and systemic blood pressure (BP) is only poorly documented in the range of intermediate to low BP. METHODS: In 75 subjects covering the BP range from low, over intermediate, to high BP, venous occlusion plethysmographic recordings were performed at ...

Major cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, often cluster in the same individuals. It has been claimed that obesity, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and a deranged intracellular handling of ions have pathogenetic importance in the development of this metabolic syndrome. However, a decrease in peripheral blood flow is ...

The effects of dihydroergotamine (DHE) on the circulation of the leg during combined epidural and general anaesthesia were studied to determine if DHE would enhance leg blood flow and prevent postoperative deep vein thrombosis in a double-blind trial of 40 elderly female patients subjected to cholecystectomy. Central and big toe ...

Augmentation of cutaneous blood flow by postganglionic lumbar sympathectomy may not reflect an increase in nutritive vascular supply to the dermal tissues. Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) was compared with radionuclide microsphere determination of dermal microcirculation in a hind limb sympathectomy model in 20 dogs. After 90 minutes the TcPO2 was ...

Radiolabeled (15-microns) microspheres were used to measure blood flow to upper airway muscles [alae nasi (AN), intrinsic laryngeal, tongue, cervical strap, and hyoid musculature], diaphragm (DI), and parasternals (PS) during spontaneous breathing in 24 anesthetized tracheotomized supine dogs. Six dogs were also studied while -28 +/- 3 (SE) cmH2O tracheal ...

The possible existence of arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs) in the tracheobronchial circulation has been largely ignored; however, their presence would have many implications. Here we have searched for AVAs in the tracheal circulation of seven anesthetized sheep that were ventilated through a low cervical tracheostomy. Arteries to the midcervical trachea were ...

The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) was studied in the human quadriceps femoris muscle during isometric contraction induced by intermittent electrical stimulation at 20 Hz. Muscle biopsy samples were obtained at rest and after 10, 20, and 46 contractions. The active form of PDC (PDCa) increased from a mean ...

This paper presents the results of comparative testing of a fiber-optic sensor used as an alternative to the mercury strain-gauge in a clinically well-established technique for limb blood flow assessment, venous occlusion plethysmography. In this research the measurement of volume changes following venous occlusion has been performed with a variety ...

Recent studies have suggested that coronary and limb muscle vessels do not maximally vasodilate under conditions in which cardiac and limb muscle contractile function is dependent on the level of blood flow but, rather, maintain a "vasodilator reserve." If a vasodilator reserve is also present in the fatiguing diaphragm, it ...

BACKGROUND: Peripheral edema is a major clinical problem in congestive heart failure (CHF). The function of the edema-protective baroreceptor-mediated and local nervous vasoconstrictor reflexes of the lower leg during orthostasis in moderate and severe CHF has largely been unexplored. METHODS AND RESULTS: Baroreceptor-mediated and local nervous regulation of subcutaneous blood ...

1. The local subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow was measured simultaneously in the right and left lower legs of 10 normal human subjects under out-patient nocturnal conditions. The 133Xe-wash-out technique, portable CdTe(Cl) detectors and a portable data-storage unit were used for the measurement of blood flow. 2. The purpose of ...

To determine whether diaphragmatic fatigue in the intact animal subjected to loaded breathing is associated with a decrease in diaphragmatic blood flow, seven unanesthetized sheep were subjected to severe inspiratory flow resistive (IFR) loads that led to a decrease in transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) and a rise in arterial PCO2 (PaCO2). ...

The precision of a modified microsphere technique to measure blood flow in the hind limb of the rabbit was determined. Regional (local) injections made via a catheter in the aorta and blood withdrawn through a catheter in the hind limb enabled deposition of a high concentration of microspheres in the ...

To determine organ blood flow in the resting state, a box was designed to keep conscious untrained rats minimally disturbed. Blood pressure, heart rate, and organ blood flow, determined by the microsphere distribution and reference sampling technique, were measured in 11 Sprague-Dawley rats. After an acclimation period, 15-microns-diameter microspheres labeled ...

The development of fatigue was investigated by electrical stimulation in 15 domestic pigs (1 yr old, 70-90 kg body weight) and seven adult dogs (3 yr old, 45 kg body weight). After anaesthesia, silver electrodes were implanted in the anterior and posterior parts of the right masseter muscles. The contralateral ...

The effect of cast immobilization on blood flow to the tibial diaphysis was studied by the microsphere method, both before and after casting of one hindlimb of adult New Zealand White rabbits. Preliminary studies were undertaken to investigate the possibility of the reduction of tibial flow by the microspheres used ...

The time-dependent features of red blood cell flow were evaluated with laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in the left gastrocnemius muscle of 31 anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits during stepwise arterial occlusion. During the control period with a median femoral pressure of 72 mmHg, 29 animals showed minor irregular fluctuations in LDF ...

The cyclic contraction of a skeletal muscle ventricle (SMV) stimulated in counterpulsation results in phasic perfusion of the muscle. Perfusion will occur primarily during cardiac systole when the muscle is relaxed. However, the resting preload of the SMV will be systolic arterial pressure, which will impede blood flow to the ...

The cross-sectional area of a limb varies along the extremity. This is of great importance when impedance plethysmography is used for limb blood flow studies. The actual measurement site, as well as the interelectrode distance, must be carefully selected to avoid underestimation of the blood flow value. The distance between ...

The role of medial calf perforators in the initiation or promotion of venous disease is incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to define the direction of blood flow in the perforating vein of the calf in normal limbs and in those limbs of patients with venous disease under ...

A simple ergometer is described that allows highly reproducible plethysmographic measurements of blood flow to be made within 10 seconds of ceasing rhythmic quantitated exercise of the calf muscle. A power output of some 25 Watts is developed with a mechanical efficiency of some 20%. The device seems applicable to ...

We measured the collateral formation between skeletal muscle and the heart after a latissimus dorsi cardiomyoplasty in an animal model that contained normal, chronic ischemic, and infarcted myocardium. The area at risk for ischemia was 27.0 +/- 3.2% of the left ventricular mass (n = 10, mean +/- SE). In ...

Some patients with chronic arterial obstruction of the limbs may still suffer the consequences of advanced tissue ischemia, including ulceration and rest pain, and face threatened limb loss in spite of available surgical, pharmacologic, and other treatments. Additional therapeutic modalities were thus sought to accomplish limb salvage. A literature review ...

The purpose of this study was to characterize the distribution of blood flow in the rat during hindlimb unweighting (HU) and post-HU standing and exercise and examine whether the previously reported (Witzmann et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 54: 1242-1248, 1983) elevation in anaerobic metabolism observed with contractile activity in the ...

1. Twelve healthy subjects received high-voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation (115-475 V d.c.) delivered in separate treatments of 2, 32 and 128 pulses/s for 10 min at the subject's maximum tolerable voltage while calf muscle blood flow was measured by non-invasive Whitney strain-gauge venous occlusion plethysmography. 2. The high-voltage pulsed galvanic ...

To investigate the joint effects of body posture and calf muscle pump, the calf blood flow of eight healthy volunteers was measured with pulsed Doppler equipment during and after 3 min of rhythmic exercise on a calf ergometer in the supine, sitting, and standing postures. Muscle contractions seriously impeded calf ...

The advantages and inadequacies of the currently available techniques to measure regional blood flow in the lower limbs are being reviewed. Thermodilution technique and local 133xenon washout technique have the advantage of allowing determination of blood flow during exercise, while venous occlusion plethysmography and pulsed-Doppler duplex ultrasonography only allow determination ...

The deuterium washout technique of measuring tissue blood flow is based upon NMR detection of HOD (administered as D2O saline, but typically detected as HOD because of rapid proton-deuteron exchange) as a freely diffusible tracer. Though this method is coming into more general use, it has not yet been rigorously ...

Posturally induced microvascular constriction in the skin of the leg is disturbed in severe ischaemia. It is unknown whether this disturbance is of local or central origin and whether the stage of ischaemia at which this disturbance occurs differs when the nutritive and thermoregulatory flow levels are compared. We investigated ...

A radionuclide technique (PT) for measuring the blood flow to a limb during reactive hyperaemia is described and analysed. Patients are positioned with lower limbs within the field of view of the gamma camera and pneumatic cuffs are placed below the knees to isolate the blood and induce a hyperaemic ...

Among the factors that might influence collateral arterial growth after arterial occlusion, the capacity to deliver blood flow in relation to metabolic need and work performance are obvious candidates. In this study in rats after superficial femoral artery ligation, we assessed collateral arterial growth (by arteriography), basal and peak limb ...