Leukocyte depletion during cardiopulmonary bypass has been demonstrated in animal experiments to improve pulmonary function. Conflicting results have been reported, however, with clinical depletion by arterial line filter of leukocytes at the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass. In this study, we examined whether leukocyte depletion from the residual heart-lung machine blood ...

Radioactive in situ hybridization techniques or enzymatic detection procedures of hapten-modified human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) probes have been widely used for studying the infection of peripheral blood leukocytes with HCMV. This report describes significant improvements in terms of signal resolution which can be obtained by applying a highly sensitive fluorescence in ...

We evaluated the effect of fetal intravascular transfusion (IVT) of leukocyte-poor red blood cells to correct fetal anaemia due to haemolytic disease on the fetal leukocyte count in 153 patients. Initial, mid-transfusion, and closing haematological studies were obtained when possible. The effect on leukocyte subsets was evaluated by the manual ...

BACKGROUND: The traditional methods of measuring F-actin content in neutrophils required a large blood sample and a series of isolation procedures. To reduce the disturbing effect on neutrophils, a new method was designed to measure the neutrophil F-actin content directly in microvolume whole blood samples. METHOD: The neutrophil F-actin content ...

Recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was administered to healthy young (n = 32) and elderly (n = 19) volunteers (0 microgram/d, 30 microgram/d, or 300 microgram/d) to determine its effect on neutrophil production, blood kinetics, and tissue migration. Measurements included blood counts (daily), marrow neutrophil pool sizes and neutrophil tissue ...

Helicobacter pylori causes a chronic infection in gastric mucosa, but its systemic effects are largely unknown. Our aim was to characterize the effect of H. pylori infection and gastric mucosal inflammation on the peripheral blood leukocyte count. An endoscopic series of 96 patients (40 men and 56 women), with a ...

24 hours after an i.v. injection of 2 mg Sephadex G 200 particles ovalbumin sensitized Sprague Dawley rats show an antigen specific bronchial hyperreactivity and an unspecific hyperreactivity against serotonin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Sephadex on blood parameters and lung pathology to find ...

The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between the increasing level of spontaneous NBT-reduction and the tendency for PMNs to marginate during experimental hemorrhagic shock in rats. Rat PMNs, isolated on Percoll density gradients or suspended in blood, were examined by chemiluminescence (CL), NBT-test and by ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), like cardiopulmonary bypass, produces systemic inflammatory responses that could potentiate organ injury in infants with respiratory failure. STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated the effects of neonatal ECMO on neutrophil surface adherence proteins, elastase release, and cytokine levels in blood samples from 15 patients ...

There is ongoing debate on the significance of capillary leukostasis for the manifestation of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced capillary "no-reflow". Using intravital fluorescence microscopy, we studied leukocyte trafficking through the hepatic microvasculature and the relevance of sinusoidal leukostasis for nutritive perfusion failure in rats after hepatic I/R (n = 8). Sham-operated animals ...

We have constructed a recombinant fowlpox virus (FPV) that expresses chicken myelomonocytic growth factor (cMGF). Administration of this construct (fp/cMGF) to 1-day-old chicks resulted in a marked and sustained increase in the number of circulating blood monocytes compared with chicks infected with the parental FPV strain (fp/M3). Blood monocyte numbers ...

Abuse of nitrite inhalants is widespread among male homosexuals and has been epidemiologically correlated with seropositivity to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to Kaposi's sarcoma. These drugs may act as cofactors in AIDS if they compromise the ability to resist infection or tumor growth. We have previously reported that 14 ...

The dose-response relationship between aerosolized leukotriene B4 (LTB4 and pulmonary neutrohilia was examined in a group of five rhesus monkeys. The effects of an oral dose of LY293111Na on LTB4-aerosol-induced pulmonary neutrophilia were also examined. Ex vivo expression of CD11b receptors on polymorphonuclear leukocytes from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral ...

The morphology of the peripheral blood leukocytes of the roughtail gecko, Cyrtopodion scrabum, is carefully described in Wright-Giemsa and toluidine-blue-stained blood films, and in the living condition by phase-contrast microscopy, using supravitally stained preparations. Mature eosinophils, basophils and small lymphocytes commonly occur in the blood, while monocytes are rarely seen. ...

Smyth line (SL) chickens spontaneously develop a posthatch autoimmune loss of pigment cells (vitiligo) in the feather. Concurrent with the development of Smyth line vitiligo (SLV), mononuclear cell infiltration and altered T cell profiles can be observed in the pulp of developing feathers. To determine whether the development of SLV ...

A simple, sensitive, non-stimulated assay was developed to measure the superoxide anion concentration in whole blood, using an ultra-sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) analyzer and lucigenin amplification. The assay system can be performed without leukocyte isolation or stimulant administration. The blood CL levels of healthy males (362.8 +/- 337.7 counts /10 sec) ...

Activated leukocytes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and its complications. The present study investigated the activity stage of leukocytes for production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in 17 normotensive controls and subjects with borderline (n = 17) or essential hypertension (n = 17) using different biological materials ...

A flow cytometric method to identify and characterize eosinophils in lysed whole blood samples was established. A gating protocol was applied that in the first step uses the high autofluorescence and the high sideward scatter of eosinophils. In the second step, eosinophils were differentiated from neutrophils by lack of CD16 ...

In this study, we investigated the importance of the beta 2-integrins for the development of tracheal hyperreactivity in a murine model for nonallergic asthma. The response was induced by skin sensitization with dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) followed by an intranasal challenge with the same hapten. Twenty-four hours after the challenge, tracheal hyperreactivity, ...

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical and laboratory features observed in patients with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) and evaluate the utility of the diagnostic tools used to confirm the diagnosis. DESIGN: Retrospective case study of 41 patients with laboratory-diagnosed HGE. SETTING: A total of 228 patients from Minnesota and Wisconsin were ...

The effect of administration of cadmium alone in non-irradiated mice as well as the effect of pre-irradiation administration of cadmium on the reparation processes of haemopoiesis were investigated in mice irradiated by a dose of 7.5 Gy. The pre-irradiation administration of cadmium accelerated the reparation processes in the bone marrow ...

Cellular components in free-flowing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of normal rhesus macaques were characterized. Microscopic counting enumerated the total number of leukocytes, percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), leukocytes with nonspecific esterase (NSE), and those reducing nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT). Flow cytometric analysis further identified CD4, CD8, CD14, and CD20 positive leukocytes. ...

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the involvement of serine proteinases cathepsin G and elastase on pathomechanisms in synovial fluid (SF) of patients with reactive (ReA) and rheumatoid, (RA) arthritis. Cathepsin G, elastase, and their endogenous inhibitors alpha1-antichymotrypsin (alpha1-ACT) and alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha1-PI) were identified immunohistochemically from SF ...

Data from cell culture experiments indicate that heat sterilization of peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids produces cytotoxic glucose degradation products. The present vital microscopic study investigated the effects of different sterilization methods on the biocompatibility of PD fluids. Thus, heat-sterilized (commercially obtained and experimentally produced) and filter-sterilized PD fluids (pH = ...

Flow cytometry represents an interesting methodologic approach to human neutrophil biology and pathology. Several aspects of neutrophil activation can be evaluated by flow cytometry: phagocytosis, respiratory burst (superoxide anion generation, intracellular hydrogen peroxide production), intracellular pH, actin polymerization, membrane potential, aggregation, cytotoxicity, degranulation, and surface marker expression. In several instances ...

Flow cytometric analysis of blood leukocytes is currently used for both routine clinical measurements as well as for cutting edge research applications. This technology has enabled rapid and accurate determination of leukocyte antigens and quantitative analysis of leukocyte subsets, tests of leukocyte function, determination of the presence of antineutrophil and ...

This work determined the levels of expression of CD11c by neutrophils (PMNs) collected from subjects with various periodontal conditions. The percentages of CD11c-positive crevicular fluid PMNs were significantly lower than those of peripheral blood PMNs, but the levels of CD11c expression were similar in PB-PMNs and CF-PMNs (P<0.001). On the ...

Ten patients undergoing hip replacement surgery were studied regarding activation of complement and leukocytes in association with collection of wound drainage blood. The blood was collected postoperatively but not reinfused due to the possible risks with reinfusion of blood containing inflammatory mediators. Blood samples for analysis of complement activation (TCC), ...

Routine microbiological diagnosis of Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis is based mainly on the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis with urogenital swabs or in urine. Because chlamydial antigen, rRNA, and DNA are present in low quantities in the inflamed joint, highly sensitive assays are needed to detect C. trachomatis not only at the ...

1. We report a flow cytometric method in which changes in forward angle light scatter are shown to correlate with microscopically evaluated shape change in stimulated human neutrophils. Neutrophil movement and chemotaxis is conventionally measured using Boyden chambers, which is a laborious and exacting technique. Microscopic scoring of neutrophil shape ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a 1000 mg intravenous pulse of methylprednisolone (MP) on the expression of cell adhesion molecules on peripheral blood and synovial fluid (SF) neutrophils in rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: Fluorescent flow cytometric analysis was performed on peripheral blood neutrophils (n = 13 patients) and knee joint ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether blood neutrophils from healthy individuals and blood and synovial fluid neutrophils from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) responded differently to priming agonists and stimuli of the oxidative burst and, if so, whether this was a property of a subpopulation of neutrophils. METHODS: Continuous flow electrophoresis was ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine if inhalation of grain sorghum dust in the laboratory would cause neutrophilic upper and lower respiratory tract inflammation in human volunteers, as well as systemic signs of illness. DESIGN: Prospective. SETTING: University of Nebraska Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty normal volunteers. INTERVENTIONS: Inhalation challenge with 20 mL ...

Circulating leukocytes are retained in the microcirculation of the lung. The site of leukocyte retention, however, is still a subject of controversy, and the effects of microvascular blood flow on the leukocyte-endothelium interaction in pulmonary microvessels are unknown. We used in vivo fluorescence microscopy to analyze microhemodynamics and the flow ...

Exposure to wood dust can cause allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Inflammatory markers [cells, albumin, tryptase, and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)] were examined in nasal lavage fluid (NAL) sampled from 24 Industrial Arts (IA) teachers exposed to wood dust and other irritants and from 24 control subjects. The IA teachers had ...

The measurement of apoptosis in peripheral blood might represent a useful tool in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer research. Among the many assays that are currently used to identify apoptotic leukocytes, flow cytometric methods are the most valuable in terms of rapidity, simplicity, and level of analytical detail. Some ...

The effect of leukocytes and platelets on the flow of blood through a parallel array of identical microchannels (equivalent diameter 6 microns, equivalent length 20 microns, number 2600) was examined by microscopy and total flow rate under constant suction (20 cm H2O). Fresh heparinized whole blood was used for the ...

Arthritis develops in DBA/1xB10A(4R) mice and Wistar rats upon intraplantar injection of potassium peroxochromate (K3CrO8), and is here quantified by whole blood chemiluminescence (CL) and 99mpertechnetate-imaging (99mTcO4-), and related to overt disease symptoms (the arthritis index). During the aqueous decay of K3CrO8 to chromate (VI), the chromium(V)-bound oxygen is released ...

Human neutrophils were isolated from cord blood drawn after Caesarean section deliveries without labour and from peripheral blood from healthy adults. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the cell populations was compared with the release of respiratory burst products after activation with the chemoattractant n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). In contrast to cord ...

Flow cytometric assays using peripheral blood were developed to study phagocytosis and respiratory burst, the two major functions of neutrophils and among the most important non-specific defense mechanisms, in beluga whales. The use of flow cytometry avoids the problems associated with the isolation and purification of different cell types, and ...

This report describes a method for measuring the respiratory burst in neutrophils, based on intracellular oxidation of the reduced ethidium bromide derivative, hydroethidine. Fluorescence of the resultant product quantitatively determined by flow cytofluorometry serves as a measure of the neutrophil ability to generate superoxide radicals. We found that during inflammation ...

This prospective study evaluated the degree of inter-reader variability in the identification of segmented and band neutrophils from blood smears of full-term, healthy neonates. Wide inter-reader differences of band neutrophil identification and the immature to total neutrophil ratio were observed. Because of poor correlation between evaluators of the same blood ...

BACKGROUND: Storage of blood affects all blood components. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are considered the main culprits of the storage lesion. Their prestorage removal improves the quality of blood components. Therefore, they are considered of no use in blood transfusion. However, their reduction may remove important antibacterial defense mechanisms. METHODS: The ...

The accumulation of activated leukocytes in the pulmonary circulation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lung dysfunction associated with cardiopulmonary bypass. Animal studies have demonstrated that the elimination of leukocytes from the circulation reduces postoperative lung injury and improves postoperative pulmonary function. We conducted a prospective randomized clinical ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the phagocyte production of oxygen-free radicals (OFR) in the whole blood of elderly patients (EP), by measuring chemiluminescence at the basal state and after stimulation, and to study the relationships between its impairment, if any, and blood indices of the nutritional and ...

M protein is thought to contribute to the ability of non-opsonized group A and group G streptococci (GAS and GGS, respectively) to resist phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In previous studies, correlation between M protein expression and phagocytosis was determined by incubating these pathogens in human blood and comparing colony-forming bacterial ...

Oxygen radical generation by blood cells before and after chemotherapy was investigated in 16 elderly (72.8 +/- 1.0 years) and 14 adult (45.0 +/- 2.4 years) patients with lung cancer, using a lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence method. The oxygen radical generation by 100 microliters of blood before chemotherapy in the elderly and ...

Airway macrophages are activated in asthmatic subjects. Peripheral blood monocytes from these subjects present some functional features of activation, but their membrane markers are not known. Recently a new subtype of blood monocytes, CD14+/CD16+, has been identified which possesses the characteristics of tissue macrophages. A study was carried out on ...

We have previously demonstrated that the phenolic compounds catechol, hydroquinone, and phenol increase the prostaglandin (PG) E2/leukotriene (LT) B4 ratio in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), while resorcinol has the opposite effect. However, in human whole blood phenols have a different effect on the thromboxane (TX) B2/LT ratio than in PMNs ...

Dialysate and blood leukocyte counts were measured during 130 episodes of peritonitis in 91 hospitalized patients on long-term peritoneal dialysis (CPD). The authors found that the blood/dialysate leukocyte count can be less than 1.0, and this is usually the case when dialysate leukocyte count exceeds 20,000/mm3. Dialysate leukocyte removal in ...