BACKGROUND: Blood for transfusion is stored for up to 42 days. Older blood develops lesions and accumulates potentially injurious substances. Some studies report increasing toxicity as blood ages. We assessed the safety of transfused older versus newer stored blood. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched using ...

Background/Aims: Hypercholesterolemia in midlife increases risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contributes to cerebrovascular dysregulation - an early finding in preclinical AD pathology. Statins improve vascular reactivity, but it is unknown if they increase regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in individuals at risk for AD. Methods: In a randomized, controlled, ...

Postprandial hypotension leading to increased morbidity, and mortality, is an important clinical problem, particularly in the elderly and individuals with autonomic dysfunction. The magnitude of the postprandial fall in blood pressure (BP) appears to be dependent on the rate of nutrient entry into the small intestine and may be related ...

The response of calf-muscle strength, resting blood flow, and postocclusive blood flow (PObf) were investigated after 4 wk of low-load resistance training (LLRT) with and without blood-flow restriction in a matched-leg design. Ten untrained older individuals age 62-73 yr performed unilateral plantar-flexion LLRT at 25% 1-repetition maximum (1RM). One limb ...

Background: The increase in demand for blood products because of new surgical and medical procedures seeks more research to find new ways to recruit people to donate blood. Objective/Aim: To determine the level of people's knowledge about donating blood considering its relation with infectious and chronic diseases, drug abuse, unsafe ...

PURPOSE: To assess sympathetic vasomotor activity and its changes with age, using pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound. METHODS: We recruited 20 young adults (24-37 years old) and 20 older individuals (60-81 years old). Pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound was applied over the right radial artery to measure blood flow at rest and ...

BACKGROUND: Postprandial hypotension is an important problem in the elderly and may be triggered by the increase in splanchnic blood flow induced by a meal. Acarbose attenuates the fall in blood pressure (BP) induced by oral sucrose and may be useful in the management of postprandial hypotension. It is not ...

Background: The anti-inflammatory effects of a homeopathic remedy, Traumeel S, have been observed in experimental and clinical studies; however, its antioxidant properties have not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of Traumeel S on peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with periodontitis.<br /> ...

Integration is a property of biological systems that refers to the extent to which their components are correlated through functional, structural, developmental or evolutionary interdependency. This study examined patterns of functional integration among different molecular components of the blood redox system (both plasma and red blood cells) in zebra finches ...

Protein S-nitrosylation (the binding of a nitric oxide [NO] group to a cysteine thiol) is a major mechanism through which the ubiquitous cellular influence of NO is exerted. Disruption of S-nitrosylation is associated with a wide range of pathophysiologic conditions. Hemoglobin (Hb) exemplifies both of these concepts. It is the ...

Silver Nitrate (AgNo(3)) effect on the status of reduced glutathione (GSH), the major non-protein thiol in blood components were examined using freshly isolated plasma and cytosolic fraction of whole blood of healthy human volunteer. AgNo(3) had significant effects on GSH contents reduction in plasma and cytosolic fraction of blood. Effect ...

Dried bloodspot (DBS) technology has been available for many decades but only in the last five years has it been considered for routine bioanalysis of blood samples collected on preclinical and clinical studies as part of a drug development programme. Advantages of using DBS versus typical plasma samples include smaller ...

Abstract Background. Transfusion of blood components may increase the risk of complications in relation to surgery. During storage, red blood cells (RBCs) undergo structural and functional changes that may reduce function and viability after transfusion. The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of buffy-coat reduced red cells ...

Measuring plasma antioxidant activity probably underestimates the oxidant-scavenging ability of blood in vivo because the contribution of circulating cells, which are also capable of clearing reactive oxygen species, is not taken into account.

BACKGROUND: Several researches on aging red blood cells (RBCs)-performed both in vivo and under blood bank conditions-revealed that RBC membrane proteins undergo a number of irreversible alterations, mainly due to oxidative stress. The individuation of proteins to be used as indicators of irreversible RBC injury and to be proposed as ...

Aluminium is being used in the medicines in the form of antacids. The Aluminium metal can be leached from our utensils and can harm the body for its side effects, if become available to the systemic circulation. So it is important to check the effect of Aluminum on the Glutathione ...

Selenium deficiency has been linked with increased cancer risk and, in some studies, selenium supplementation was protective against certain cancers. Previous studies have suggested that selenium chemoprevention may involve reduced oxidative stress through enhanced glutathione (GSH). Our objectives were to examine the relationships between selenium and GSH in the blood ...

Similar to other developed countries, only 3% of the total population in Hong Kong donate blood (Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service 2003). More than 20% of annual donations come from youngsters aged 18-25. However, this category of donors has decreased gradually from 24.6% in 2004 to 22.9% in ...

The phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis is the most important vector of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), the disseminated and most serious form of the disease in Central and South America. In the natural environment, most female L. longipalpis are thought to survive for less than 10 days and will feed ...

The objective of this study was to determine whether phagocytic activity in blood and proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes are impaired during perinatal period. The study comprised 18 primiparous sows (Landras × Large White) free from clinical signs of diseases. During the experiment blood samples were collected three times from each sow. ...

To validate the induction of blood lymphocyte cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) expression in alcoholic liver cirrhosis and mRNA and protein expression of CYP2E1 in freshly prepared blood lymphocytes of alcoholic liver cirrhotic (ACP), nonalcoholic cirrhotic patients (NACP), alcoholic controls (ACs), and nonalcoholic controls (NACs) were investigated. Registered ACP and NACP ...

Patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) usually present with lymphadenopathies. Osseous involvement at presentation is extremely rare. Occurrence of both eosinophilia and osseous involvement has not been reported frequently. We present an adolescent female complaining of lower back pain for 6 months, in whom, multifocal vertebral involvement and peripheral blood eosinophilia ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: According to the Report on Carcinogens, formaldehyde ranks 25th in the overall U.S. chemical production, with more than 5 million tons produced each year. Given its economic importance and widespread use, many people are exposed to formaldehyde environmentally and/or occupationally. Presently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer ...

The peripheral blood cells and differential blood profile of captive female and male leopard grouper Mycteroperca rosacea are described for aquacultural purposes. Basophilic, polychromatic, and orthochromic erythroblasts were observed as immature erythrocytes that develop into mature erythrocytes. Young erythrocytes were not evident, and bi-lobed erythrocytes were extremely scarce. Types of ...

Micronucleus (MN) and comet assay can successfully detect the genetic damage in two different cell population of peripheral blood i.e. erythrocytes and lymphocytes. The present study was aimed to investigate the kinetics of MN formation as well as to identify the time of maximum MN induction in the peripheral blood ...

Cytogenetic biomarkers, such as micronuclei in peripheral blood or oral mucosa, are widely used for evaluation of exposure to genotoxins or carcinogens. Tobacco is one of the strongest carcinogens, responsible for development of different types of cancers. The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxicity of cigarette consumption ...

A flow cytometry assay that can be used to directly determine the proportion of activated T lymphocytes in human whole blood samples after stimulation with concanavalin A is presented here. Human whole blood is incubated with fluorescently labeled antibodies (against CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD69), erythrocytes are then lysed, and ...

OBJECTIVE: Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (AITD) results from an interaction of exogenous and endogenous factors in a genetically predisposed individual. AITD is being increasingly reported among the Indian population. Lymphocyte subsets and levels of interleukin-5 (IL- 5) were studied in the peripheral blood of patients with AITD. DESIGN: Subjects diagnosed with ...

Organophosphorus insecticides are used worldwide in the control of agricultural, household and veterinary pests. Dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate) is a commonly used organophosphorus insecticide. In this study, in order to elucidate the toxic nuclear effects of dichlorvos, freshly isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes were incubated with 5, 10, 20, 40, ...

BACKGROUND: The cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) plays a central role in prion diseases such as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. This disease can be transmitted by blood transfusion. However, the exact kinetics of blood infectivity and the blood fraction carrying infectivity have not yet been identified. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Simian PrP(c) ...

AIMS: Thymus is the central lymphatic organ in humans with important endocrine function that is involved in maturation of immunocompetent T-lymphocytes. In our study we investigated the relationship among thymus size and the anthropometric dimensions as well as between thymus size and the number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood in ...

BACKGROUND: We evaluated whether detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and human kallikrein 2 (hK2) transcripts in the peripheral blood during brachytherapy could predict biochemical outcome. METHODS: Eighty-one patients who underwent (125)Iodine-based brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer (Gleason score <8, PSA <20 ng/ml, stage <T3), participated in the study. Brachytherapy was ...

BACKGROUND: Trough- or 2-h post-dose (C2) blood cyclosporine (CsA) concentrations are used for prediction of efficacy and toxicity of CsA in transplant recipients concomitantly treated with antiproliferative agents, but information on utility of blood CsA levels in patients treated with proliferation signal inhibitors (PSIs), such as everolimus, is sparse. Because ...

In 1999, Golub et al. proposed for the first time microarray-based transcriptional profiling to be used as a new technology for the differential diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemias and acute lymphocytic leukemias. This very preliminary study sparked great enthusiasm beyond the leukemias. Over the last 10 years, numerous studies addressed ...

This study examined the relationship between blood pressure, peripheral blood flow (PBF), and peripheral fractional oxygen extraction (FOE). Variables that may influence PBF and peripheral FOE were also measured. Measurements of PBF by near infrared spectroscopy and fractional shortening by echocardiography were made within 12 h of birth in 24 ...

We have undertaken comparative studies of the number and phenotypes of erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of red crucian carp (RCC), blunt snout bream (BSB), and their hybrids, including triploids, tetraploids, and pentaploids. The results indicate that the mean nuclear volume of erythrocytes in peripheral blood increases regularly with increasing ...

The radioprotective effect of hesperidin against genotoxicity induced by gamma-irradiation has been investigated in vivo/in vitro in cultured blood lymphocytes from human volunteers. Peripheral blood samples were collected at 0 (10 min before) and at 1, 2 and 3 h after a single oral ingestion of 250 mg hesperidin. At ...

INTRODUCTION: Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are a family of transmembrane anion transporters present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. UCP-2, which exhibits the widest distribution in various tissues, plays an important role in many physiological processes. Human UCP-2 studies have been hampered by the lack of a method for measuring this protein ...

The effects of long-term, low-dose ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on immune functions of two fish species representing different taxonomic groups, carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), were assessed in this study. The fish were exposed to 7, 20 or 60 mJ cm(-2) UVB three times per week, for ...

The aim of this study was to determine whether imiquimod, a Toll-like receptor-7/8 agonist, in addition to its well-known topical action on the cutaneous immune response, might also induce alterations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. A 62.5 mg quantity of imiquimod (5% cream) was applied topically under occlusion once daily ...

We have investigated the use of peripheral blood from the nonhuman primate (NHP) rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) as a model system for mutation detection. The rhesus monkey is metabolically closer to humans than most common laboratory animals, and therefore may be a relevant model for hazard identification and human risk ...

Concomitant heart and peripheral blood determinations were performed on 40 fatal cases involving nordiazepam (20 cases) and bromazepam (20 cases). The heart blood concentration for the two drugs (588 ng/mL for nordiazepam and 802 ng/mL for bromazepam) does not differ from the corresponding peripheral blood concentration (587 ng/mL for nordiazepam ...

PURPOSE: To examine the immune response to job strain and insecurity of 88 men working in a university, divided according to age and type of employment. METHODS: Anxiety, job strain, job insecurity and subjective symptoms were measured by questionnaires. Blood NK cytotoxic activity was determined by an in vitro method ...

OBJECTIVES: To describe how certain peripheral immune parameters reflect the inflammatory alterations in patients with primary APS. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with newly diagnosed primary APS were studied. The control group included 26 patients with stable coronary disease and 38 healthy individuals. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subgroups were quantified, intracellular cytokines were ...

Polymerase chain reaction testing has become an important tool in assessing the role of virus in inflammatory cardiomyopathies, including fulminant myocarditis, lymphocytic myocarditis, peripartum cardiomyopathy, unknown cause or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, and acute myocarditis of suspected viral etiology. While this tool has been traditionally reserved for application to endomyocardial biopsy ...

Positive results were attained when human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were investigated for their ability to propagate a transmissible cytotoxic activity (TCA) isolated on VERO cell cultures from a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drawn from a woman with ischemic brain injury. In consideration of this finding it can be ...

Adrenal suppression and lymphocytopenia are commonly monitored pharmacological responses during systemic exposure to exogenously administered corticosteroids. The pharmacodynamics of plasma corticosterone (CS) and blood lymphocytes were investigated in 60 normal rats which received either 50 mg/kg methylprednisolone (MPL) or vehicle intramuscularly. Blood samples were collected between 0.5 and 96 h ...

BACKGROUND/AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether the expression of CD25, CD28 and CD38 (which reflects the degree of T-cell activation) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells constitutes a useful means of measuring the immune status of liver transplant recipients. METHODS: Fifty-two patients enrolled in a prospective randomized ...

Pediatric L-HLTx recipients are at risk for developing PTLD with the lung being a primary site of disease. We hypothesized that BALF is a better sample than peripheral blood for measuring EBV DNA load in this high-risk population. Archived BALF specimens from pediatric L-HLTx recipients with and without PTLD were ...

The medaka, Oryzias latipes is a useful animal model for the study of vertebrate developmental genetics. Using May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain, we found non-nucleated erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of medaka. Eleven of 50 fish occasionally showed non-nucleated erythrocytes in their peripheral blood. We expect that this observation will be useful in ...