Previous studies have demonstrated that stressors alter cellular immune system function, and increase the activity of locus coeruleus neurons. Furthermore, stressors increase the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and locus coeruleus neurons are activated by CRH. Thus, the present study examined whether activation of the locus coeruleus by infusion of ...

Marked elevation of tumor markers in the peripheral blood was initially a sole manifestation of meningeal carcinomatosis in a man with gastric carcinoma. In addition to extensive meningeal carcinomatosis, no metastatic lesions were found at autopsy other than microscopic infiltration into a tiny paraaortic lymph node. Elevation of these markers ...

This study examined the effects of dorsal midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) stimulation on both splenic and peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cell function as well as the proliferative response of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin mitogen. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with bipolar electrodes in the dorsal PAG. Following recovery, bipolar electrical ...

Technical information to facilitate bovine blood treatment for optimum lymphocyte flow cytometry analysis is reported. Murine monoclonal antibodies CC8 and CC63 were used to identify phenotypes corresponding to bovine CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells. Blood samples collected in acid citrate dextrose (ACD) enhanced leucocyte subpopulation separation compared with ...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether the intestinal mucosa in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is immunologically abnormal and whether sulfasalazine (SSZ) possesses any local intestinal immunoregulatory effect. METHODS: Lymphocyte subpopulations and HLA-DR expression were evaluated in biopsy specimens from the duodenal-jejunal mucosa and in peripheral blood samples obtained from 17 patients with RA, ...

A whole blood lymphocyte proliferation assay was compared to a standard method requiring the isolation of lymphocytes from blood. Both methods were used to measure inhibition of proliferative responses of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA1)-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes by tacrolimus (FK 506(1)), cyclosporine A (CsA1), rapamycin (RA1), dexamethasone (DEX1), prednisolone (PR1), and ...

Changes in neutrophil response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and the phenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied in monkeys after oral challenge with Shigellae. Monkeys were first challenged with S. dysenteriae 1 which caused shigellosis in some of the monkeys. After recovery, the monkeys were rechallenged with S. flexneri 2a. ...

BACKGROUND: The Cancer associated serum antigen (CASA) and CA125 assays used in the management of ovarian cancer measure distinct high molecular weight glycoproteins. The mechanisms of secretion of these molecules into the peripheral circulation are not clearly understood. METHODS: Concentrations of CASA and CA125 were assessed in peripheral blood, blood ...

The effect of 1 (1.6 mA, 5 s), 3, 8, or 16 inescapable footshocks on the response of spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes to nonspecific mitogenic stimulation and plasma corticosterone levels was studied in adult Lewis male rats. One footshock suppressed mitogenic activity in the spleen and this effect was ...

CD59-antigen expression on the surface membranes of erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets was determined by flow cytometry in 34 healthy controls and 17 patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). In all PNH patients, CD59-negative erythrocytes accounted for > 10% of the total erythrocyte population. Two erythrocyte populations (CD59-negative and ...

Due to high mercury levels in many Mediterranean aquatic organisms, people who live in this area and consume large amounts of seafood are exposed to a toxicological hazard. A group of 51 fishermen exposed to mercury through eating contaminated seafood from the northern Tyrrhenian Sea underwent cytogenetic monitoring. This work ...

Sixteen Holstein bull calves were used to evaluate effects of increasing blood BHBA, as a consequence of ruminal development, on response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mitogenic stimulation. Calves were blocked by date of birth and assigned to weaning at 35 or 49 d of the study. Calves began ...

Consumption of fatty fish species, like salmon and herring, from the Baltic Sea is an important source of human exposure to persistent organochlorine compounds, e.g. polychlorinated dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and biphenyls (PCBs). Many of these compounds show immunotoxic and hepatotoxic effects in animals. We have now studied immunological competence, ...

The peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotypes of 20 healthy young normal subjects between the ages 21 and 29 were determined by dual fluorescence analysis with fluorochrome--labeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Samples were prepared by a whole blood lysis technique and analysed on a FACScan flow cytometer using SimulSET Software. Values for lymphocyte ...

Using the marker Leu2 + Leu7 + to detect the CD8 suppressor cells (CD88+CD57+), we have observed that their blood level, which increases after primoinfection, during the latent period, increases still further just before and when the p24 antigen returns and is present in the blood. Its ratio over cytotoxic ...

Using two representative immunosuppressants, FK506 (FK) and cyclosporin A (CyA), of which the mechanism of pharmacological action is the same although there is a great difference in the pharmacological intensity, the distribution characteristics were studied in both in vivo and in vitro experiments using rat, dog, and human blood. Blood ...

A modified micro whole blood technique for the measurement of human lymphocyte proliferative response upon stimulation with commonly used mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin-A (con-A), pokeweed mitogen (PKW) and pooled allogeneic lymphocytes is described. The modified microtechnique results are comparable to the conventional techniques using density gradient separated lympocyte. ...

The effects of a magnetic field, radiofrequency, and gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) on the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in human peripheral lymphocytes were investigated. Whole blood was taken from a nonsmoker and samples were exposed to magnetic force (1.5 T) alone, and to a magnetic force combined with radiofrequency waves ...

Peripheral blood samples obtained from five patients with multiple myeloma, after high-dose chemotherapy, were studied for monoclonal B plasma cell contamination. We used the technique of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene 'fingerprinting' at the time of diagnosis and during apheresis. The level of sensitivity of this technique is between 0.01% and ...

The effects of acute cold pressor stress on peripheral blood cells and lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor density and affinity were examined in 18 young, healthy normal white male volunteers. Blood samples were drawn two times before and three times after the stressor. The percents of lymphocytes and neutrophils, plasma cortisol and ...

Spontaneous frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and SCEs induced in vitro by chemicals with different mechanisms of action such as mitomycin C, 4-nitroquinoline oxide, and 3-aminobenzamide were examined in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from a group of workers in a rubber plant and a control group, both of which ...

Vesnarinone, a synthetic oral cardiotonic agent that has been used for treatment of patients with congestive heart failure, was found to inhibit replication of HIV-1 in a peripheral blood lymphocytes model and in chronically infected macrophages at clinically achieved concentrations. Vesnarinone has no direct inhibitory activity against the reverse transcriptase ...

Direct observation with an optic fibre bronchoscope facilitates the diagnosis, staging and treatment of both neoplastic and other lung diseases, and the varying diameters available enable IVth or even Vth-order bronchi to be examined. The technique can be employed for deep lung lavage or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and for transbronchial ...

The present study assesses the influence of the immunophenotyping procedure, the type of monoclonal antibody (MAb) and flow cytometer used, upon the reproducibility of the results of estimation of the normal values for CD3, CD4, and CD8 positive lymphocyte subpopulations. A hundred healthy adults were immunophenotyped by direct immunofluorescence with ...

A modified protocol is described for the in vitro analysis of micronuclei in whole blood or separated lymphocyte cultures. The induction of binucleate cells by various concentrations of cytochalasin B (3, 4.5 or 6 micrograms/ml) was examined at two harvest times (68 or 72 h). An optimal yield was obtained ...

Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes labeled with monoclonal antibodies was undertaken in order to compare the mean fluorescent intensity of several surface membrane antigens (markers) from irradiated and nonirradiated blood samples. Whole blood subjected to a 1-Gy (100-rad) dose of 1.25 MeV gamma radiation from a 60Co radioisotope source was ...

Characterization of immune cell subpopulations in the cynomolgus monkey was performed using a direct immunofluorescence technique adaptable for routine and repeated monitoring. This whole blood procedure is faster and requires less volume than conventional density gradient isolation methods. Low intra- and inter-animal variations were seen in hematology parameters and in ...

L-Selectin, a leukocyte surface glycoprotein involved in white blood cell extravasation, is rapidly down-regulated after leukocyte activation. We prospectively determined lymphocyte L-selectin expression in freshly obtained cord blood samples of 98 neonates (gestational age 25-42 weeks). In eight infants with bacterial infection, the mean percentage of L-selectin(high) lymphocytes was 32.5% ...

In this study, we have applied an improved assay for the determination of microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity to assess enzymatic levels in human lung, liver, and blood lymphocytes. The assay is fluorescence-based and monitors the epoxide hydrolase-mediated conversion of (+/-)-benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-epoxide to (+/-)-trans-benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-dihydrodiol, using a high pressure liquid chromatography separation system. ...

Female beagle dogs were chronically exposed to low daily doses of 60Co gamma rays (7.5 cGy day-1) and responded in one of three distinct hemopathological patterns. These patterns, reflective of distinct subgroups, were characterized by (a) low radioresistance resulting in progressive hematopoietic suppression, terminal aplastic anemia (AA), and relatively short ...

The micronucleus technique used with Rana catesbeiana tadpoles is useful for the evaluation of aromatic amine toxicity. When exposed to increasing concentrations of the aromatic amine 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF 1 x 10(-8) M to 5 x 10(-5) M), R. catesbeiana tadpoles responded with an increasing frequency of micronuclei (MN) in the ...

The latest revival of the old amalgam controversy is causing dentists to be inundated with requests from patients to replace their amalgam fillings with more "acceptable" filling materials. A patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia has been monitored since 1981. All his amalgam fillings were replaced by baked composite inlays. The ...

Major surgery evokes an endocrine stress response, characterized by increased serum cortisol, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline. Furthermore, surgical stress is accompanied by lymphopenia and granulocytosis in peripheral blood. The changes in peripheral white blood cells have been demonstrated after surgery as well as after cortisol infusion. The aim of the ...

CPT-11, a new camptothecin analogue, has been demonstrated to be a promising antineoplastic agent. Late side effects of carcinogenicity and teratogenicity have been unclear from clinical phase I and II trials. In order to elucidate the carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of CPT-11, we have examined the cytogenetic changes in human peripheral ...

This study was designed to determine whether or not physical and psychological stress of triathlon competition causes an immunosuppressive change in the peripheral blood of athletes, if it does occur, how long does it take to recover. Fifteen healthy men, aged 19 to 40, volunteered for this study. Peripheral blood ...

Lymphocytes migrate and recirculate continuously between blood and lymph. The current study compared the migratory properties of lymphocyte subsets by labelling lymphocyte surface antigens and analysing simultaneous samples of mesenteric lymph, systemic arterial blood and mesenteric venous blood from conscious sheep. The lymphocyte output in lymph averaged 5.33 +/- 0.89 ...

Techniques were adapted to permit phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood leucocytes in rats and mice using small volumes of lysed whole blood and single, dual- or triple-colour immunofluorescence staining with flow cytometry. Red cell lysis using proprietary lysing solutions provides populations of lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes clearly differentiable by their ...

Four cases of posttransfusion graft-versus-host disease are reported. Three were caused by high-dose transfusion of non-irradiated fresh blood during open-heart surgery and 1 by the contaminated lymphocytes in packed red blood cells transfused for renal injury. In 1 patient, change of HLA type of peripheral lymphocytes was demonstrated.

Average values of chosen haematological parameters have been described in a population of 90 clinically normal Polish Primitive Horses. The comparison of the results with values given in literature for horses as a whole and for other breeds enabled us to state that Polish Primitive Horses' blood is characterized by ...

In acute and chronic experiments, each of eight groups of young mice were assigned separately to different pressures of oxygen to which it was to be exposed. Lymphocytes from spleen, thymus, and peripheral blood were analyzed following oxygen exposure. Subset populations changed depending on the oxygen tension. Blood lymphocyte populations ...

To determine the proportion of T-helper cell subsets in the peripheral blood we studied 16 patients with mild, moderate and severe atopic dermatitis. Lymphocytes were isolated from heparinized peripheral blood and analysed by two-colour flow cytometry. Patients with severe atopic dermatitis had a decreased CD4+CD29+: CD4+CD45RA+ ratio (p < 0.01). ...

The phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes of 27 renal cell carcinoma patients before and at the end of subcutaneously given rIL-2 therapy was determined by two colour flow cytometry. Therapy induced changes in peripheral blood leucocyte composition and phenotypes were comparable to those reported for intravenously given rIL-2. The present ...

A 26-year-old female patient developed high fever, hepatosplenomegaly and subcutaneous nodules. Atypical lymphocytes were present in the peripheral blood. Skin biopsy revealed lobular panniculitis. Bone marrow examination showed prominent phagocytosis by benign histiocytes. The diagnosis of cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis was made, and the disease has been well controlled with oral ...

A flow-cytometric technique was developed to measure the frequency of variant lymphocytes lacking expression of HLA-A2 or A24 allele products among donors heterozygous for HLA-A2 or A24. It was found that the variant frequency of lymphocytes in peripheral blood was of the order of 10(-4) and increased with donor age. ...

The peripheral blood of a 3 month old boy with disseminated tuberculosis showed CD30 positive monocytes on flow cytometric analysis. His liver contained CD30 positive staining macrophages and giant cells. CD30 is an activation antigen which has not been previously found on peripheral blood monocytes.

The data for the in vivo genotoxicity of styrene (STY) are equivocal. To evaluate the clastogenicity and sister-chromatid exchange (SCE)-inducing potential of STY in vivo under carefully controlled conditions, B6C3F1 female mice were exposed by inhalation for 6 h/day for 14 consecutive days to either 0, 125, 250 or 500 ...

Epidemiological investigations have shown that nickel is a potent sensitivity producing agent. However, it is not known if intra-oral use of nickel-chrome alloys can cause any sensitization reaction. The purpose of this study was to determine if nickel-chrome alloys used in dentistry influence nickel levels in saliva and serum and ...

The accumulation of doxorubicin (DOX) in white blood cells of treated patients has been studied by quantitative microspectrofluorometry. From blood samples of treated patients, leucocyte subpopulations were separated by the gradient method. Emission fluorescence spectra from a microvolume of a single living cell nucleus were analysed in terms of spectral ...

A 33-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain and distention, diarrhoea and marked eosinophilia in blood and ascites. As other causes could be excluded, the subserosal type of eosinophilic gastroenteropathy was diagnosed. The low plasma fibrinogen level (less than 100 mg/100 ml) found in this patient is an as yet undescribed ...

In a group of 33 patients with miliary tuberculosis (MTB), pulmonary function testing and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were each performed in 31. The arterial blood gas analysis was done in 13 patients. Mild restrictive ventilatory defect, hypoxemia, and hypocapnia were observed. BAL revealed lymphocytic alveolitis. The lymphocyte subsets were measured ...