Multiple studies have shown that cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (Sct(O(2))) is decreased after phenylephrine treatment. We hypothesized that the negative impact of phenylephrine administration on Sct(O(2)) is affected by arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (Pa(CO(2))) because CO(2) is a powerful modulator of cerebrovascular tone. In 14 anaesthetized healthy patients, ...

Epidemiological studies on the distribution of leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) have been based principally on serological surveys of the canine reservoir. This methodology is useful due to the facility of sampling, the rapidity in obtaining results, its consistency and because it allows the detection of ...

Maternal-fetal ABO incompatibility is one of the causes of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. We postulate that hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and red blood cell (RBC) values for cord blood units (CBUs) are lower and erythroblast values higher for maternal-fetal ABO incompatible dyads than for compatible dyads. We investigated the relationship between Hb, ...

A baby girl, born at term, presented with severe cyanosis and received oxygen supplementation. Consecutive arterial blood gas analysis showed a pronounced right shift of the saturation curve, suggesting the presence of a hemoglobin (Hb) variant. A new (G)γ-globin variant was detected, namely HBG2:c.308G, which we have named Hb F-Sarajevo, ...

Oxygen is one of the most widely used drugs. It is important to recognise that oxygen administration carries risks as well as benefits. While adequate oxygen saturation of arterial blood is an important factor in tissue oxygen delivery, oxygen administration to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can lead to ...

A low fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO(2)) increases venous deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations, making the color of the blood darker. The present study was aimed to determine the effects of FiO(2) on the ability to discriminate venous from arterial blood. One-hundred and sixty surgical patients undergoing percutaneous central venous access of ...

A method is proposed to relate the statistics of in-stream bacteria concentrations to the surface-runoff fraction of stream flow. The parameters of this relationship include the characteristic concentration of bacteria in surface runoff and the characteristic concentration of bacteria in the base flow, and these parameters can be derived from ...

Blood vessels and their endothelial lining are uniquely adapted to the needs of the underlying tissue. The structure and function of the vasculature varies both between and within different organs. In the kidney, the vascular architecture is designed to function both in oxygen/nutrient delivery and filtration of blood according to ...

Clinical point of care testing often needs plasma instead of whole blood. As centrifugation is labor intensive and not always accessible, filtration is a more appropriate separation technique. The complexity of whole blood is such that there is still no commercially available filtration system capable of separating small sample volumes ...

Background For CSF analysis, exact knowledge of the type and amount of cells is essential, especially for detection of infection or bleeding. The chamber count has been the current reference method to date, yet it is problematic due to its subjectivity depending on the examiner's skill and experience. Therefore, as ...

The rope-ladder technique is the traditional AVF cannulation technique for HD. The buttonhole technique with repeated puncture with a blunt AV needle into a single selected site of AVF is a reliable alternative technique and has been used in Thailand for a few years. The ultrasound dilution technique is a ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate portal vein stenosis (PVS) in pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) using Doppler ultrasound (DUS) before and after interventional management for hemodynamic changes. From 2000 to 2010, we encountered 11 PVS cases among 180 PLT that were evaluated using DUS and computed tomography (CT) ...

The purpose of this investigation was to use combined transcranial cerebral Doppler (TCD) and near-infrared spectroscopy cerebral oxygen saturation (NIRS) during total aortic arch replacement (TAAR) to monitor middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity and regional cerebral oximetry (rSO2) changes to provide a clinical basis for protective measures that may ...

The ageing population in developed countries, including Australia, is putting increasing demands on blood transfusion services. With a falling donor pool there is likely to be a shortage of blood and blood products in the next 20 to 30 years unless there are significant changes in medical practice. The National Health ...

Blood flow-induced endothelial shear stress (ESS) during aerobic (AX) and resistance (RX) exercise can regulate endothelial function. However, non-invasive in vivo ESS estimation is normally obtained only according to Poiseuille's laws for streamline flow, rather than using Womersley's approximation for pulsatile flows. Here, we sought to determine brachial and femoral ...

To compare the effects on the body surface of different kinds of placebo/sham acupuncture with that of traditional needling sensation acupuncture. Point Neiguan (PC 6) of 29 healthy subjects, 19 males and 10 females, was stimulated with needling sensation, shallow, placebo and deep acupuncture at the non-acupoint. After stimulation with ...

Successful delivery of intraventricular radioimmunotherapy is contingent on adequate CSF flow. The authors present a patient with medulloblastoma in whom obstructed CSF flow was causing hydrocephalus, which was initially corrected by implantation of a programmable shunting device. While managing the hydrocephalus, an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) needed to be performed ...

The successful use of prolonged extracorporeal life support with a heart-lung machine was first performed in 1972, as described by Hill et al., on a young man with post-traumatic respiratory failure. The first successful use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was 1976 by Bartlett et al. Since this time, the ...

The metabolic rate of oxygen consumption, an important indicator of tissue metabolism, can be expressed as the change of net blood oxygen flux into and out of a tissue region per 100 g of tissue. In this work, we propose a photoacoustic and Doppler ultrasound method for imaging local blood ...

Background: The aim of this study was to present our experience with a novel approach called the pierce and push (PP) method which uses a stainless steel centimeter probe instead of a 5 mm claw forceps to enucleate fibroids in a laparoscopic myomectomy (LM). Methods: A retrospective chart review of ...

Blood flow patterns are closely linked to the morphology and function of the cardiovascular system. These patterns reflect the exceptional adaptability of the cardiovascular system to maintain normal blood circulation under a wide range of workloads. Accurate retrieval and display of flow-related information remains a challenge because of the processes ...

To evaluate the associations of circulating levels of proinflammatory molecules and endothelial factors with blood flow in lower-leg arteries in diabetic patients with normal ankle-brachial index (ABI>0.9). We enrolled 123 type 2 diabetic patients with normal ABI and 30 age-matched nondiabetic subjects consecutively admitted to our hospital. Flow volume and ...

Inertial microfluidics has demonstrated the potential to provide a rich range of capabilities to manipulate biological fluids and particles to address various challenges in biomedical science and clinical medicine. Various microchannel geometries have been used to study the inertial focusing behavior of particles suspended in simple buffer solutions or in ...

OBJECTIVE: The flow rate of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) pump used in cardiac surgery often undergoes inherent fluctuations ranging from 10% to 20% of its theoretic value. However, the effects of such alterations remain unknown. In the present study, the authors investigated whether such variations could induce changes in the ...

To assess the blood flow of the proper digital artery using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the early stage after replantation. From January 2006 to October 2010, 27 anastomosed arteries in 27 replanted digits were included in the study. The patients included nine males and four females. The patients received ...

Dried blood spotted on to filter paper has been found suitable for a large number of studies. In tropical countries with varying temperature conditions the use of dried blood needs to be validated. We carried out this study to assess the use of blood spotted filter paper as a transport ...

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is a novel optical technique that appears to be an excellent tool for assessing cerebral blood flow in a continuous and non-invasive manner at the bedside. We present new clinical validation of the DCS methodology by demonstrating strong agreement between DCS indices of relative cerebral blood ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there are any significant changes in the diameter and the area of the internal jugular vein (IJV) during the hemorrhagic shock. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Healthy volunteers donating blood were included in the study. Arterial blood pressure, pulse rate, anteroposterior (AP) ...

To assess the efficacy and safety of autologous transfusion of filtered shed blood in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A total of 42 patients with TKA (group A; without autologous transfusion in 15 patients, group B; with autologous transfusion in 27 patients) were evaluated retrospectively. The influence of autologous reinfusion of ...

The increase of the body's capacity to transport oxygen is a prime target for doping athletes in all endurance sports. For this pupose, blood transfusions or erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA), such as erythropoietin, NESP, and CERA are used. As direct detection of such manipulations is difficult, biomarkers that are connected ...

Understanding circulatory autoregulation is essential for improving physiological control of rotary blood pumps and support conditions during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Cerebral autoregulation (CAR), arguably the most critical, is the body's intrinsic ability to maintain sufficient cerebral blood flow (CBF) despite changes in aortic perfusion pressure. It is therefore imperative to ...

Blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI has contributions from venous oxygenation and venous cerebral blood volume (CBV) changes. To examine the relative contribution of venous CBV change (ΔCBV(v)) to BOLD fMRI, BOLD and arterial CBV changes (ΔCBV(a)) to a 40-s forepaw stimulation in six α-chloralose anesthetized rats were measured using a magnetization transfer-varied ...

Background: To estimate the efficacy and safety of 0.1% tacrolimus ophthalmic suspension based on the blood level of tacrolimus in patients with severe allergic conjunctivitis. Methods: Fifty-two patients in whom topical anti-allergic agents had been ineffective were treated with 0.1% tacrolimus ophthalmic suspension twice daily for 12 weeks. Adverse drug ...

Three-dimensional velocity-encoded cine magnetic resonance imaging (3D VEC MRI) allows for calculation of secondary flow parameters that may be used to estimate prognosis of individual cardiovascular diseases. However, its accuracy has not been fully investigated yet. The purpose of this study was to validate aortic flow quantification by 3D VEC ...

TO DATE, TWO MAIN CATEGORIES OF OCT TECHNIQUES HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED FOR IMAGING HEMODYNAMICS: Doppler OCT and OCT angiography. Doppler OCT can measure axial velocity profiles and flow in arteries and veins, while OCT angiography can determine vascular morphology, tone, and presence or absence of red blood cell (RBC) perfusion. ...

OBJECTIVE:: Blood loss during surgery is an important operative complication in patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery and may increase postoperative morbidity and mortality. Variations in the delivery of operative blood transfusions to treat blood loss depend not only on the patient and surgery characteristics but also on the hospital transfusion ...

Reduced sympathetic outflow and deficits in cerebral hemodynamics have been considered as possible factors mediating the impaired cognitive performance in essential hypotension. However, the relationship between systemic blood pressure (BP), cerebral blood flow and cognitive functioning is still poorly understood. The present study was aimed at clarifying the physiological processes ...

Many studies have been performed to better understand the hemodynamics in microvessels, such as arterioles and venules. However, due to the heterogeneous features of size, shape, blood-flow velocity, and pulsatility of microvessels, conducting a systematic study on these factors has been almost impossible. Although in vitro studies have been performed ...

Purpose: To study the blood flow through the internal jugular veins (IJVs) of the MS population. Materials and Methods: Two hundred MS patients and 14 normal volunteers were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3T. Contrast-enhanced time-resolved 3D MR angiography and 2D time-of-flight imaging were performed to assess abnormalities ...

Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of air microemboli in the dialysis circuit and in the venous circulation of the patients during hemodialysis. In vitro studies indicate that a high blood level in the venous air trap reduces the extent of microbubble formation. The purpose of this study was to ...

Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) changes to sensorimotor and cognitive paradigms have been used to assess the integrity of hemodynamic responses, though the reproducibility of these responses has not been properly assessed. Continuous recordings of blood pressure, end-tidal CO(2), heart rate and bilateral CBFv were obtained during 60s of active, ...

To measure instantaneous velocity fields of venous blood flow in a rat using X-ray particle tracking method. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) incorporated chitosan microparticles were applied as biocompatible flow tracers. After intravenous injection of the AuNP-chitosan particles into 7- to 9-week-old male rat vein, X-ray images of particle movement inside the ...

Ductus venosus blood flow, expressed as a pulsatility index (DVPI) has been shown to improve the performance of the Combined and Integrated antenatal screening tests for Down's syndrome using previously published data. The use of ductus venosus blood flow as a categorical marker (reversed or absent end diastolic blood flow ...

In this study, we evaluated the performance of blood agar (by macroscopic growth) and nutrient agar (by a microcolony detection method) for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against rifampin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH), using 67 smear-positive sputum specimens. The direct proportion method on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium was used as ...

BACKGROUND: Continuous and efficient error management, including procedures from error detection to their resolution and prevention, is an important part of quality management in blood establishments. At the Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine (CITM), error management has been systematically performed since 2003. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data derived from error management ...

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus regarding the optimal dialysate calcium concentration (DCa) during haemodialysis (HD). Low DCa may predispose to acute arrhythmias, whereas high DCa increases the long-term risk of soft tissue calcifications.METHODS: Twenty-two HD patients treated in four dialysis centres underwent two HD sessions, respectively, with 1.5 and 1.25 ...

Absolute counting of total leukocytes or specific subsets within small amounts of whole blood is difficult due to a lack of techniques that enable separation of all leukocytes from limited amounts of whole blood. In this study, a microfluidic device equipped with a size-controlled microcavity array for highly efficient separation ...

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), despite cost and logistical challenges, has the potential to provide accurate and timely diagnosis for leptospirosis at the point-of-care in endemic areas. We studied optimal sample types for qPCR, timing of sampling, and clinical manifestations in relation to quantitative leptospiremia. A new qPCR assay using ...

Background  There is a lack of data on the usage of plasma derived/recombinant coagulation factor concentrates (PD/RCFC) regarding diagnostic categories. An audit of PD/RCFC and blood component usage at a tertiary care teaching hospital in northern Bavaria was conducted. Study design and methods  All blood components and PD/RCFC transfused at ...

BACKGROUND:: At many hospitals, the type and screen decision is guided by the hospital's maximum surgical blood order schedule, a document that includes for each scheduled (elective) surgical procedure a recommendation of whether a preoperative type and screen be performed. There is substantial heterogeneity in the scientific literature for how ...