BACKGROUND: Blood operations are constrained by many limitations in combat settings. As a result there are many challenges that require innovative solutions. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a descriptive overview of blood product usage and transfusion medicine adaptations that have been employed by the US military to support combat ...

The aim of the article was to present and discuss the phenomenon of delayed fatal spleen rupture case. A 13-year-old boy was referred to hospital because of his poor general condition, convulsions, tachypnea, shallow breathing, severe paleness, abdominal tenderness, decrease in blood pressure, low blood hemoglobin levels, leukocytosis. Abdominal pain ...

Physical activity of moderate intensity for 30 minutes a day, on most days substantially reduces the risk of many chronic diseases. To assess the effect of regular physical activity on blood pressure and blood sugar levels in a rural Indian community This community-based study was carried out in Periakattupalayam and ...

A theoretical model investigating the dependence of optoacoustic (OA) signal on blood oxygen saturation (SO(2)) is discussed. The derivations for the nonbandlimited and bandlimited OA signals from many red blood cells (RBCs) are presented. The OA field generated by many RBCs was obtained by summing the OA field emitted by ...

Blood coagulation is a series of biochemical reactions resulting in the mechanical transformation of liquid blood into a gel. As a consequence, ultrasound, being mechanical waves, can provide specific details on the dynamics of coagulation. In fact, previous high-frequency ultrasound monitoring studies have shown drastic changes in ultrasound velocity and ...

Reproductive potential was assessed for stable fly cohorts fed cattle, chicken, or horse blood. Flies provided chicken blood oviposited 20% more eggs per day than did those fed cattle or horse blood. However, flies provided cattle or horse blood were fecund 50% longer. When both egg viability and number of ...

Oxygen transport is believed to primarily occur via capillaries and depends on the oxygen tension gradient between the vessels and tissues. As blood flows along branching arterioles, the O2 saturation drops, indicating either consumption or diffusion. The blood flow rate, the O2 concentration gradient, and Krogh's O2 diffusion constant (K) ...

The purpose of this article is to examine the effect of different beam-flow angles on the accuracy of Doppler ultrasound velocity measurements in modern ultrasound systems. A flow phantom was used to create a steady flow of water in a 4.3-mm-diameter tube. Using three different modern university-grade ultrasound systems, flow ...

With the surgical and anesthetic technology advance the indications for intervention are expanding, as well as the need for blood transfusions. Because of its great scientific value, the content to be exposed is subject for endless discussions that provide different guidelines in various clinical and laboratory aspects. The objective of ...

The determination of oxygen levels in blood and other tissues in vivo is critical for ensuring proper body functioning, for monitoring the status of many diseases, such as cancer, and for predicting the efficacy of therapy. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, a lifetime-based photoacoustic technique for the measurement ...

Patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool for researching the role of blood flow in disease processes. Modern clinical imaging technology such as MRI and CT can provide high resolution information about vessel geometry, but in many situations, patient-specific inlet velocity information is not available. In these situations, ...

PURPOSE: To compare the performance of pulsed and pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling (PASL and pCASL) methods in measuring CO(2) -induced cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were scanned using both ASL sequences during a controlled hypercapnia procedure and visual stimulation. CVR was computed as the percent CO(2) -induced increase in ...

Aims: Catheter-related thrombosis is a frequent complication of providing hemodialysis via central venous catheters. The primary aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of an alteplase “dwell” protocol over 30 minutes (with an additional 90 minutes where necessary) to a new 30 minute “push” protocol in restoring function ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the hemodynamic impact of fluid restriction in preterm newborns with significant patent ductus arteriosus. STUDY DESIGN: Newborns ≥24 and <32 weeks' gestational age with significant patent ductus arteriosus were eligible for this prospective multicenter observational study. We recorded hemodynamic and Doppler echocardiographic variables before and 24 hours ...

This article provides a concise overview of blood banking and transfusion medicine (BBTM) for the therapeutic apheresis medicine practitioner. It addresses the complete pathway from blood donor qualification to blood collection, to processing and storing blood components, to patient testing, to ordering blood components for therapeutic apheresis (TA) procedures, to ...

BACKGROUND:: Data can be collected for various purposes with anesthesia information management systems. The authors describe methods for using data acquired from an anesthesia information management system to assess intraoperative utilization of blood and blood components. METHODS:: Over an 18-month period, data were collected on 48,086 surgical patients at a ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in heel blood flow during loading and off-loading in bedridden adults older than 65 years. The patients were divided into three groups based on ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) and transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO(2)): (1) patients with an ABI ≥ 0.8 ...

BACKGROUND: Each year, approximately 5% of the invited blood donors is eventually deferred from donation because of low hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Estimating the risk of Hb deferral in blood donors can be helpful in the management of the donation program. We developed and validated a prediction model for Hb deferral ...

Multimodal imaging improves the accuracy of the localization and the quantification of brain activation when measuring different manifestations of the hemodynamic response associated with cerebral activity. In this study, we incorporated cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes measured with arterial spin labeling (ASL), Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) and blood oxygen level-dependent ...

SUMMARY:We retrospectively identified 9 consecutive children, 3 males and 6 females (age 5.2 ± 6.3 years, range 1 day to 18 years), with known or suspected AVGs who underwent MR imaging, including SWI, at our institution between January 2007 and March 2011. On the SWI sequence, arterialized blood flow was ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Flow simulations in patient-specific models of the subarachnoid space characterize CSF flow in more detail than MR flow imaging. We extended previous simulation studies by including cyclic CSF flow and patient-specific models in multiple patients with Chiari I. We compared simulation results with MR flow measurements.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Volumetric ...

BACKGROUND: The staged Fontan procedure is used to palliate functionally univentricular hearts. The effect of additional pulmonary blood flow combined with a bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt in these patients remains a controversial subject. METHODS: This retrospective study included all 82 patients with a unilateral or bilateral bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt at our ...

A response in writting: A low-cost bioactive paper device is designed to perform ABO and RhD blood typing tests, and the paper reports the results in writing. This idea was inspired by the vision of the British author, J. K. Rowling, through her novel "Harry Potter and the Chamber of ...

Anesthesia has broad actions that include changing neuronal excitability, vascular reactivity, and other baseline physiologies and eventually modifies the neurovascular coupling relationship. Here, we review the effects of anesthesia on the spatial propagation, temporal dynamics, and quantitative relationship between the neural and vascular responses to cortical stimulation. Previous studies have ...

Venomotion, spontaneous cyclic contractions of venules, was first observed in the bat wing 160 years ago. Of all the functional roles proposed since then, propulsion of blood by venomotion remains the most controversial. Common animal models that require anesthesia and surgery have failed to provide evidence for venular pumping of ...

This study tested the hypothesis that variable freshwater flow in the Gippsland Lakes, Australia, influences the location and extent of environmental conditions suitable for spawning and larval development of black bream, Acanthopagrus butcheri. Freshwater flow had a large influence on the salinity and level of stratification (difference between bottom and ...

BACKGROUND: Tissue expansion has been widely used to provide additional soft tissue for clinical reconstruction. Rapid expansion requires a much shorter clinical period than conventional expansion; however, less natural skin growth occurs resulting in a larger stretch-back ratio and insufficient extra soft tissue for clinical use. In this study, hyperbaric oxygen ...

Speckle contrast based optical coherence angiography (OCA) and optical coherence Doppler tomography (ODT) have been applied to image cerebral blood flow previously. However, the contrast mechanisms of these two methods are not fully studied. Here, we present both flow phantom and in vivo animal experiments using ultrahigh-resolution OCA (μOCA) and ...

PURPOSE: Myocardial blood flow (MBF) estimation with (82)Rubidium ((82)Rb) positron emission tomography (PET) is technically difficult because of the high spillover between regions of interest, especially due to the long positron range. We sought to develop a new algorithm to reduce the spillover in image-derived blood activity curves, using non-uniform ...

Non-destructive identification and subsequent age estimation of blood stains are significant steps in forensic casework. The latter can provide important information on the temporal aspects of a crime. As previously shown, visible spectroscopy of blood stains on white backgrounds can successfully be used for their identification and age estimation. The ...

OBJECTIVE: Aortopulmonary collaterals are a frequent phenomenon in patients after bidirectional cavopulmonary connection. The aortopulmonary collateral flow volume can be quantified using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. However, the significance of aortopulmonary collateral flow for the postoperative outcome after total cavopulmonary connection is unclear and was sought to be determined. METHODS: ...

Background and Objectives  There is increasing evidence that monocytes play a key role in the pathogenesis of acute lung inflammation. Mononuclear cell (MNC) leukapheresis can be used to remove large numbers of monocytes from circulating blood; however, the detailed characteristics of monocyte subpopulations removed by MNC leukapheresis, and the biological ...

This study aimed to compare the response of metabolic-induced cerebral hemodynamic changes measured using transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography during passive, active and motor imagery paradigms, and associated peripheral hemodynamic responses. Continuous recordings of bilateral cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv), blood pressure, heart rate and end-tidal CO(2) were performed in 12 ...

PCR is usually performed on purified DNA. However, the extraction of DNA from whole blood is time consuming and involves the risk of contamination at every step. Hence, it is desirable to amplify DNA directly from whole blood. Earlier, investigators tried to achieve this target by either pretreatment of whole ...

BACKGROUND: Accurate quantification of liver fibrosis is essential for therapeutic decision-making and follow-up of chronic liver diseases. AIMS: To optimize the quality of non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatopathy we compared Doppler ultrasound with liver histology and transient elastography (TE). METHODS: In this prospective observational study, ...

The study aims to investigate the effect of cerebral ischemia or hypoperfusion in the evaluation of neural activity with blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and to examine whether the severity of the compromised hemodynamic status in patients with major cerebral artery diseases could, conversely, be assessed with ...

A previously healthy 60-year-old male presented with fever, general pain and a C-reactive protein (CRP) of 160 mg/L. He was prescribed doxycycline. In the emergency room three days later, he was intubated and had a saturation of 70% on 100% oxygen. The chest X-ray showed bilateral lobar pneumonia. Streptococcus pneumonia ...

BACKGROUND: A uniform threshold strategy for converting from minipool (MP)-nucleic acid testing (NAT) to individual donation (ID)-NAT screening for acute West Nile virus (WNV) infection among blood donors is lacking. We report on WNV screening at the New York Blood Center during the 2010 seasonal WNV epidemic, the most severe ...

Most experiments assume a global transit delay time with blood flowing from the tagging region to the imaging slice in plug flow without any dispersion of the magnetization. However, because of cardiac pulsation, nonuniform cross-sectional flow profile, and complex vessel networks, the transit delay time is not a single value ...

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the effects of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) using low-molecular-weight hydroxyethyl starch (LMW-HES) on intraoperative blood loss in patients who had received preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) and had undergone sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). METHODS: Patients who had undergone SSRO were analyzed. All 250 ...

Tumor vasculature is a promising therapeutic target in glioblastoma. Imaging tumor blood flow may help assess the efficacy of anti-angiogenic treatments. We determined the clinical usefulness of stable xenon CT performed preoperatively in patients with glioblastoma. This is a prospective cohort study. We determined absolute tumor blood flow before surgery ...

källman u., bergstrand s., ek a.-c., engström m., lindberg l.-g. & lindgren m. (2012) Different lying positions and their effects on tissue blood flow and skin temperature in older adult patients. Journal of Advanced Nursing00(0), 000-000. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06000.x ABSTRACT: Aim.  To report a study to compare the effects of different ...

Optical imaging of changes in total hemoglobin concentration (HbT), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO(2)) provides a means to investigate brain hemodynamic regulation. However, high-resolution transcranial imaging remains challenging. In this study, we applied a novel functional photoacoustic microscopy technique to probe the responses of single cortical ...

Microbubbles have been used in a variety of fields and have unique properties, for example shrinking collapse, long lifetime, efficient gas solubility, a negatively charged surface, and the ability to produce free radicals. In medicine, microbubbles have been used mainly as diagnostic aids to scan various organs of the body, ...

Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are blood substitutes, synthesized by polymerizing hemoglobin, which are being developed and investigated as alternatives to blood for medical purposes. However, due to their ability to increase the oxygen carrying capacity when taken by healthy individuals, HBOCs have been used as a doping agent among endurance ...

Physiologic monitoring is important when chemically immobilizing wildlife. Blood oxygenation is usually monitored by pulse oximetry in the field; however, there is some question whether this technique accurately reflects oxygen saturation in wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We evaluated different doses of medetomidine (125, 150, 175, or 200 μg/kg) mixed ...

Patient Blood Management (PBM) describes an evidence-based, multidisciplinary therapeutic approach. Its focus is on the treatment of the individual patient and as such comprises transfusion therapy and pharmacotherapy. Furthermore, the applicability of PBM is not limited to the perioperative setting but is applicable also to other therapeutic measures and disciplines ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of time-resolved parallel three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for quantitative analysis of pulmonary perfusion using a blood pool contrast agent. METHODS: Quantitative perfusion analysis was performed using novel software to assess pulmonary blood flow (PBF), pulmonary blood volume (PBV) and mean transit time (MTT) in ...

A significant proportion of all red cell transfusions are given to patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery. Concern over transfusion safety and cost, coupled with evidence showing that restrictive transfusion policies benefit patients, prompted us to audit our blood prescribing practice at Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust in order to assess ...

Microbiological contamination of blood and blood products is a well-recognised transfusion risk. This study was performed in the blood bank of our oncology centre, with an objective to detect bacterial contamination in our blood products using oxygen consumption as a surrogate marker [Pall Enhanced Bacterial Detection System (eBDS)]. Results revealed ...