Angiogenesis is a critical determinant of alveolarization, which increases alveolar surface area and pulmonary capillary blood volume in infants; however, our understanding of this process is very limited.The purpose of our study was to measure the membrane (DM) and pulmonary capillary (VC) components of pulmonary diffusion to carbon monoxide (DL,CO) ...

Background:In our model of congenital heart disease (CHD) with increased pulmonary blood flow (Shunt), we have recently shown a disruption in carnitine homeostasis, associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased eNOS/Hsp90 interactions that contribute to eNOS uncoupling, increased superoxide levels, and decreased bioavailable NO. Thus, we undertook this study to test ...

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a progressive pulmonary vasoproliferative disorder characterized by the development of unique neointimal lesions including concentric laminar intima fibrosis and plexiform lesions. Although the histomorphology of neointimal lesions is well described, the pathogenesis of PAH and neointimal development is largely unknown. After three decades of PAH ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the role of blood analysis in cardiac and pulmonary evaluation. RECENT FINDINGS: A comprehensive understanding of arterial blood gas analysis - often aided by venous blood gas analysis, to help determine the ideal levels of blood oxygenation and hemoglobin (Hb), is reviewed in light of ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on hemodynamic parameters including transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD)-derived variables. METHODS: We compared hemodynamic parameters obtained before and after RBC transfusion (2 RBC units) in 34 intensive care unit (ICU) patients. RESULTS: Directly after RBC ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Transfusion of blood products in particular older products is associated with patient morbidity. Previously, we demonstrated a higher incidence of acute lung injury in lipopolysaccharide-treated sheep transfused with stored blood products. As transfusion following haemorrhage is more common, we aimed to determine whether a 'first hit' of ...

The most important long-term morbidity problem of sulfur mustard (SM) toxicity is pulmonary complications but the pathogenesis of these complications is not clearly understood. This study evaluates the peripheral blood mononuclear sub-sets and their correlation with pulmonary function in SM exposed civilian cases 20years post-exposure as gathered in the context ...

OBJECTIVE: The management of patients with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) and pulmonary atresia (PA) with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) is challenging. Frequently it is difficult to predict whether complete repair with closure of the ventricular septal defect (VSD) will be tolerated. The aim of this study was to investigate ...

BACKGROUND: THE SIGNIFICANCE AND OPTIMAL TREATMENT OF SYSTEMIC-TO-PULMONARY ARTERIAL COLLATERAL (SPC) VESSELS IN SINGLE VENTRICLE PATIENTS ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. THE ACUTE EFFICACY OF SPC EMBOLIZATION HAS NOT BEEN DEMONSTRATED IN A QUANTIFIABLE FASHION. WE SOUGHT TO ASSESS THE ACUTE EFFICACY OF SPC EMBOLIZATION ON BLOOD FLOW AS QUANTIFIED BY PHASE ...

Two y/o purpose-bred beagles (n=24) infected with S. aureus pneumonia were randomized in a blinded fashion for exchange transfusion with either 7- or 42-day-old canine universal donor blood (80 mL/kg in four divided doses). Older blood increased mortality (p=0.0005), the arterial alveolar oxygen gradient (24-48 h post-infection; p≤0.01), systemic and ...

To compare the diagnostic validity of blood enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISpot), broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) ELISpot and the tuberculin skin test (TST) in patients with pulmonary smear-negative tuberculosis (TB) in a country with high TB prevalence. In a prospective, hospital-based study, 107 patients with suspected TB were tested simultaneously using blood ...

Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is an acute and serious complication after a central nervous system insult with high mortality. The pronounced activation of sympathetic nervous system and the release of vasoactive substances are necessary prerequisites for the development of NPE. We introduce a hypothesis that stellate ganglion block (SGB) may ...

Intravital microscopy of the pulmonary microcirculation in research animals is of great scientific interest for its utility in identifying regional changes in pulmonary microcirculatory blood flow. Although feasibility studies have been reported, the pulmonary window can be further refined into a practical tool for pharmaceutical research and drug development. We ...

The ductus arteriosus is one of several shunts in the cardiovascular system. It is a small vessel connecting the aortic arch and pulmonary artery that allows blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation. It is open during foetal development because the foetal lungs cannot function and oxygenation of the blood occurs ...

The transfer factor for nitric oxide (TL,NO) is a new test of pulmonary gas exchange. The procedure is similar to the well established carbon monoxide transfer factor (TL,CO). Physiologically, TL,NO measures predominantly the diffusion pathway from alveolus to capillary plasma; in the Roughton-Forster equation, TL,NO acts as a surrogate for ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the morphologic classification of nailfold capillary microscopy and the clinical and demographic findings in workers exposed to hand-arm vibration. The subjects were 44 male forestry workers (average age; 51.9 ± 14.8 yr). The nailfold capillaries (NC) and the mean ...

Objective.  We compared the analgesia and the quality of life of a constant daily dose of intrathecal drug administered at different flow rates in patients treated for chronic pain. We postulate that the quality of the analgesia, at the same daily dose, will show an infusion rate dependent pattern with ...

OBJECTIVES: The initiation of the pain sensation experienced following the thermal stimulation of dentine has been correlated with fluid flow in the dentinal tubules. There may be other mechanisms. METHODS: This study examines this possibility using a mathematical model to simulate the temperature and thermal stress distribution in a tooth ...

In addition to its regulatory effect on bone mass, calcitonin has been shown to relieve pain and alleviate peripheral circulatory disturbance in patients with Raynaud's syndrome and complex regional pain syndrome. In the present study, we investigated whether calcitonin ameliorates diminished blood flow and enhanced arterial contraction in response to ...

PURPOSE: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) disturbs patellar blood flow, an unintended accompaniment to TKA that may be a cause of postoperative anterior knee pain. We examine whether disrupted patellar blood flow correlates with anterior knee pain following TKA. METHODS: In 50 patients (21 men, 29 women) undergoing TKA, we compared ...

Bilateral total knee arthroplasty is generally accompanied by a significant amount of blood loss. We investigated the relationship between the intensity of pain and the amount of blood loss in the early postoperative period after bilateral total knee arthroplasty. A prospective study was conducted on 91 patients who underwent elective ...

In critically ill patients, either arterial or venous blood is usually available for sampling and measurement of basic coagulation parameters. The aim of this study was to examine whether in these patients the values of coagulation parameters differ significantly with respect to the source of the blood samples. In a ...

Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane protein that initiates coagulation following contact with factor VII/VIIa. Recent experimental evidence, in particular from animal models, suggests an important role for circulating TF in thrombosis. This has led to a growing interest in the measurement of TF in whole blood and in cell-free ...

Current recommendations for resuscitation of the critically injured patient are limited by a lack of point-of-care (POC) assessment of coagulation status. Accordingly, the potential exists for indiscriminant blood component administration. Furthermore, although thromboembolic events have been described shortly after injury, the time sequence of post-injury coagulation changes is unknown. Our ...

To evaluate the use of citrated recalcified (nonactivated) thromboelastography (TEG) in healthy horses and horses with colitis and suspected coagulopathies. Prospective, observational study conducted between October 2007 and June 2009. Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Forty-five healthy adult horses and 12 sick adult horses with colitis and prolonged prothrombin time (PT) or ...

Acquired coagulopathy is a relatively uncommon occurrence in acute paediatrics but when it occurs is usually associated with significant underlying pathology and often with critical illness. It can be caused by a number of disease processes but infection, blood loss, iatrogenic causes and liver dysfunction are among the commonest. The ...

Earlier in vitro studies suggested a putative role for the plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) in the modulation of blood coagulation. The effect of PLTP expression on blood coagulation under both basal and oxidative stress conditions was compared here in wild-type and PLTP-deficient (PLTP-/-) mice. Under basal conditions, PLTP deficiency ...

To maintain the life of patients with hemophilia, apoplexy or hemorrhage, appropriate blood coagulation is crucial. To study the microscopic phenomena of blood coagulation and the therapeutic effects of blood medication, optical tweezers were applied to estimate the interaction between red blood cells in the coagulation process. By measuring minimum ...

To identify the optimal mouse model for hind limb ischaemia, which offers a therapeutic window that is large enough to detect improvements of blood flow recovery, for example, using cell therapies. Different surgical approaches were performed: single coagulation of femoral and iliac artery, total excision of femoral artery and double ...

Thromboelastography (TEG) is drawing more attention for clinical and in vitro studies of blood coagulation. It can be applied to evaluate the effects of both blood-soluble and insoluble biomaterials on whole blood coagulation from the beginning of coagulation through clot formation to the ending with fibrinolysis. TEG may also identify ...

BACKGROUND: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions compromise blood coagulation. Low molecular weight, low-substituted HES products, and electrolyte-balanced solutions might reduce this effect. We compared the effects of in vitro haemodilution on blood coagulation with a balanced 6% HES 130/0.42 solution (HES(BAL)), a saline-based 6% HES 130/0.4 solution (HES(SAL)), a balanced lactated ...

The term "vulnerable plaque" identifies atherosclerotic lesions prone to rupture. Plaque disruption facilitates the interaction of the inner components of the lesion, tissue factor (TF) among them, with the flowing blood. This results in activation of the coagulation cascade, ultimately leading to thrombus formation, and abrupt vascular occlusion. Despite the ...

This study aims to determine the level of lead in blood of fuel station workers and in a group of people not occupationally exposed to lead 53 control subjects with low risk lead exposure and 45 fuel station workers comprising the study group were included in this study in a ...

Egg white, a protein-containing solution, is characterized as a blood coagulation surrogate for the acoustical and thermal evaluation of therapeutic ultrasound, especially high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) devices. Physical properties, including coagulation temperature, frequency dependent attenuation, sound speed, viscosity, and thermal properties, were measured as a function of temperature (20-95 ...

Fibrinolysis is a complex physiological process that involves the interaction of several anticoagulant proteins. Defects of the fibrinolytic system are extremely difficult to diagnose and study because there are no standardized tests available. Thromboelastography is a novel method that allows the study of both coagulation and fibrinolysis using one sample ...

A combination of the extended multiscale model, new image processing algorithms, and biological experiments is used for studying the role of Factor VII (FVII) in venous thrombus formation. A detailed submodel of the tissue factor pathway of blood coagulation is introduced within the framework of the multiscale model to provide ...

Analysis of complex time-dependent biological networks is an important challenge in the current postgenomic era. We propose a middle-out approach for decomposition and analysis of complex time-dependent biological networks based on: 1), creation of a detailed mechanism-driven mathematical model of the network; 2), network response decomposition into several physiologically relevant ...

Activated platelets facilitate blood coagulation by providing factor V and a procoagulant surface for prothrombinase. Here, we investigated the potential synergy of a potent factor Xa/prothrombinase inhibitor, TAK-442, plus aspirin or clopidogrel in preventing arterial thrombosis and whole blood coagulation. Thrombus formation was initiated by FeCl(3)-induced rat carotid injury. Bleeding ...

Individuals with type O blood are more likely to have reduced factor VIII and von Willebrand factor levels compared to their non-O counterparts. Hydroxyethyl starch (HES), which is widely used for blood volume replacement, can induce coagulopathy. Therefore, we tested whether blood type O patients show more coagulopathy and blood ...

Host defense and blood coagulation are tightly connected and interacting systems, necessary for the integrity of an organism. Complex mechanisms regulate the intensity of a host response to invading pathogens or other potentially dangerous situations. Under regular conditions, this response is limited in time and located to the site of ...

Clark (1996) proposed that abnormal blood flow is related to some congenital cardiovascular malformations (CCVMs), particularly CCVM with obstruction to blood flow. Our hypothesis is that CCVMs may relate to genes that affect blood coagulation or flow. We studied whether polymorphisms of such genes are related to CCVMs; previous association ...

The possibility of intravascular blood coagulation existence in the microvascular vessels and capillaries without the presence of a large thrombus in the arteries and veins has been known from the middle of 19th century. It is impossible to know exactly about the prevalence of this pathology, because there is a ...

Liver resection is the current standard treatment for patients with both primary and metastatic liver cancer. The principal causes of morbidity and mortality after liver resection are related to blood loss (typically between 0.5 and 1 L), especially in cases where transfusion is required. Blood transfusions have been correlated with ...

BACKGROUND: Blood coagulation is a complex network of biochemical reactions, which is peculiar in that it is time- and space-dependent, and has to function in the presence of rapid flow. Recent experimental reports suggest that flow plays a significant role in its regulation. The objective of this study was to ...

In this paper a new tool to assess viscoelastic and dielectric properties of human fluids is presented. Shear horizontal polarized surface acoustic waves (SH-SAW) are used to detect the viscoelastic properties of coagulating blood and blood plasma samples. One-port SAW resonators, with fundamental modes of 85, 170 und 340 MHz ...

The accumulation of a fluid property from the standpoint of a particle moving with non-steady fluid flow (i.e., platelet/blood-cell damage index in pulsating blood flow) is a challenged computational problem due to the current need for particle-tracing methods. The method we developed (dubbed VPI) enables the approximation of the Lagrangian ...

Biomaterial-induced thrombosis is usually attributed to blood coagulation initiated by contact phase and platelet-related reactions. Considering the major role of extrinsic initiation in blood coagulation in vivo, we studied the material related-induction of this pathway by investigating the relevance of surface properties for the expression of Tissue Factor (TF), a ...

BACKGROUND: Packed red blood cell (PRBC) units stored and unused at community hospitals are transferred to trauma centers near the end of their shelf storage life, because of a higher likelihood of utilization before expiration without consideration of coagulation system effects. This study was conducted to determine if the stored ...

INTRODUCTION: Fluid resuscitation after trauma often results in dilutional coagulopathy that may hinder control of bleeding and, once initial hemostasis has been secured, heighten risk of perioperative bleeding when further surgery is required. Since multiple coagulation factor deficiencies typically accompany fluid resuscitation, prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) containing factors II, VII, ...

This study shows that environmental confinement strongly affects the activation of nonlinear reaction networks, such as blood coagulation (clotting), by small quantities of activators. Blood coagulation is sensitive to the local concentration of soluble activators, initiating only when the activators surpass a threshold concentration, and therefore is regulated by mass ...