ABSTRACT: Sepsis continues to pose a clear challenge as one of the most difficult and costly problems to treat and prevent. Sepsis is caused by systemic or localized infections that damage the integrity of microcirculation in multiple organs. The challenge of sepsis and its long-term sequelae was addressed by the ...

Determine the repeatability of color Doppler imaging (CDI) measurements in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). We performed a cross-sectional, observational study of OAG patients participating in the Indianapolis Glaucoma Progression Study. Retrobulbar blood flow velocities and Pourcelot's vascular resistance index (RI) measured with CDI were examined. Two baseline measurements were ...

In 2006, a process was initiated to develop evidence-based paediatric guidelines directed towards physicians for reduction of cardiovascular risk. In contrast to prior consensus-based guidelines from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, this process was to be evidenced based. This manuscript describes the process undertaken to write the evidence-based ...

The year 2010 marked the 80th anniversary of the first volunteer blood donor panel in Scotland and the 70th anniversary of the first meeting of the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Association - the forerunner of today's SNBTS. As such the annual Scotblood meeting hosted a distinguished group of speakers to ...

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the creation of national blood transfusion services. Burkina Faso has a CNTS (Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine-National Blood Transfusion Center) but it currently covers only 53% of the national blood supply versus 47% produced by independent hospital blood banks. To evaluate blood collection, testing, ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the venous and arterial hemodynamics underlying macrosomic fetal growth. METHODS: Of 58 healthy women who previously had given birth to a large neonate and were therefore included in the prospective longitudinal study, 29 gave birth to neonates with birth weight >90(th) percentile and were included in the ...

Objective. Umbilical oxygen (O(2)) uptake is a parameter of basic physiologic interest. It has been extensively studied in chronically catheterized animals but very few data have been obtained acutely in humans. Recent developments in ultrasound technology allow the estimation of umbilical venous blood flow in utero. Methods. In all, 26 normal term ...

Aim:  We used positron emission tomography (PET) with radioactive glucose (F-18-Fluor-Deoxglucose [FDG]) to investigate whether acute maternal hypoxemia causes alterations of glucose uptake of fetal organs and the placenta. Material and Methods:  Investigation was performed under normal conditions and acute hypoxemia in 16 fetal sheep between 108 and 130 days of ...

PURPOSE: To prospectively assess the contribution of a high-frequency linear transducer and of the MTI filtered Color Flow Mapping in the visualization of cardiac fetal anatomy at the routine 11-13 + 6 weeks' scan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Informed consent was obtained for this ethics committee approved study. This was a ...

Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) allows the continuous non-invasive assessment of intracranial blood flow velocities with high temporal resolution. It may therefore prove suitable for biofeedback of cerebral perfusion. The study explored whether healthy individuals can successfully be trained in self-regulation of cerebral blood flow using TCD biofeedback. Twenty-two subjects received ...

<title/> Purpose: The objective of this study was to review past studies that have used engineering analysis to examine cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics in cranial and spinal subarachnoid spaces in both healthy humans and those affected by type I Chiari malformation. A PubMed search of literature pertaining to cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics ...

Obstetric hemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality worldwide. Intraoperative blood salvage is common practice in many surgical specialties but its safety in obstetrics is questioned for concerns on the risks of contamination of recovered blood with amniotic fluid (AF) and of maternal-fetal alloimmunization. However, the role ...

OBJECTIVES: Placental derived vasculogenic/angiogenic substances in maternal blood are dysregulated in pre-eclampsia. We hypothesized that CXCL12, a chemokine with vasculogenic actions, is amongst such molecules. STUDY DESIGN: CXCL12, CXCL16, CXCR4, and CXCR6 immunolocalization in placental tissue was analyzed in pre-eclampsia (n=8) in comparison to controls (n=8). CXCL12, measured by ELISA ...

Prenatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) exposure increases the risk for adverse neonatal behavioral outcomes; though it is unknown if altered brain function is present prior to birth. We investigated fetal vascular and heart rate changes at 36 weeks gestation in SSRI-treated women with mood disorders (n=29) (exposed, EXP) and ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare red (635nm) and infrared (780nm) light for recording pulpal blood flow from human anterior teeth with a laser Doppler flow meter. DESIGN: Recordings were made from 7 healthy teeth in 5 subjects (aged 22-55 years) using a laser Doppler flow meter (Periflux 4001) equipped with both red ...

Management of second- and third-trimester fetal death in the presence of placenta previa is a dilemma for obstetricians. We herein describe a case of fetal death occurring at 23 weeks' gestation in the presence of placenta previa. Three weeks of expectant management failed to reduce uteroplacental blood perfusion evaluated with ...

In the past 20 years, measurements of umbilical blood flow and umbilical venous Po(2), oxygen saturation, pH, and oxygen capacity have provided reliable information about the state of oxygenation of normal and growth restricted human fetuses. However, no comparable information is available about the uterine circulation. Therefore, understanding of oxygen ...

Aortic isthmus acts as an arterial watershed between the cerebral and placental circulations, connecting 2 parallel fetal ventricular pumps. It plays a crucial role in the fetal circulatory dynamics. Information about aortic isthmus blood flow may improve the management of sick fetuses. However, perceived technical difficulties limit the clinical use ...

OBJECTIVE: Experimental studies show that fetal liver venous perfusion is a determinant for growth in utero. Here we explore the relationship between fetal venous blood flow to the liver and macrosomia. STUDY DESIGN: From diameter and blood flow velocity measurements, we derived liver venous blood flow in a longitudinal ultrasound ...

Objective: To evaluate changes in central and peripheral circulation, including new and standard parameters of the fetal brain and heart in fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in relation to progressive deterioration of the umbilical artery (UA). Methods: Seventy-two IUGR fetuses were studied longitudinally. IUGR was defined as an estimated ...

Maternal mortality due to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) continues to be one of the most important causes of maternal death worldwide. PPH is a significantly underestimated obstetric problem, primarily because a lack in terms of its definition and diagnosis. The 'traditional' definition of primary PPH based on quantification of blood loss ...

The clinical presentation of low flow vascular malformations of the head and neck (LFVM) can range from a birthmark to severe disfigurement, functional impairment or relevant hemorrhage. The values of Brightness mode (B-mode) ultrasound and Doppler sonography in the investigation, identifying and differentiating of these lesions has been sparingly documented ...

Developed in 1960s, cardiotocography is a screening test and fetal blood sampling (FBS) is an adjunctive, diagnostic technique to detect fetal hypoxia. A fetal blood sample pH value of less than 7.20 has a higher specificity than a pathological CTG to predict low Apgar score at 1min. Though with a ...

Neurogenesis is a process influenced by environmental cues that create highly specific functional niches. Recently, the role of blood vessels in the maintenance and functioning of neurogenic niches during development and in adult life has been hallmarked. In addition to their trophic support for the highly demanding neurogenic process, blood ...

: Bombay blood type is among the rarest in the world and is associated with anti-H antibodies. These antibodies cause severe hemolysis when exposed to any blood product except Bombay and have been reported to cause hemolytic disease of the newborn. : A primigravid woman with Bombay blood type received ...

BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested that different non-glucose sugars and sugar alcohols play a role in placental and fetal metabolism. However, the role of fructose in the fetal and newborn metabolism is unclear and studies are scarce. AIM: Our objective was to investigate the presence of fructose in umbilical cord blood ...

OBJECTIVES: In fetuses suffering from intrauterine growth retardation with cerebroplacental redistribution (IUGR CPR), the diastolic heart function may be particularly susceptible to hypoxemia as described in postnatal pathological conditions. Using the newly introduced ultrasound technique, color Doppler myocardial imaging (CDMI), we investigated the correlation between diastolic tissue velocities and diastolic ...

Objective. To determine whether the major congenital heart diseases (CHDs) can modify the cerebrovascular flow dynamics and the biometrical parameters in fetuses at third trimester of pregnancy. Methods. We studied 60 fetuses with CHD. Data included prenatal versus postnatal cardiac diagnosis, cerebral and umbilical artery doppler, fetal biometrical parameters, fetal weight, and ...

One of the speculated mechanisms underlying fetal origin hypothesis of breast cancer is the possible influence of maternal environment on epigenetic regulation, such as changes in DNA methylation of the insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) gene. The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between folate, vitamin B(12) and ...

Doppler Ultrasound allows the in vivo study of feto-placental hemodynamics. Doppler flow velocity waveforms (FVW's) obtained from the umbilical arteries reflect downstream blood flow impedance, thus giving indirect evidence of vascular villous tree characteristics. Pulsatility Index, which quantifies FVW's, decreases throughout normal pregnancy, indicating decreasing impedance and is often higher ...

To develop a simple, noninvasive method of determining blood velocity and flow through human retinal vessels (RVs), by using the laser speckle method and validating the results by bidirectional laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). The square blur rate (SBR), a quantitative blurring index of the laser speckle pattern that parallels the ...

Various blood pool contrast agents (CAs), characterized by intravascular distribution, have been developed to assist contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Among these CAs, the DTPA derivatives conjugated to synthetic polypeptides, such as polylysine, represent attractive candidates for blood pool imaging. However, due to the presence of charged residues located ...

Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a condition in which twins share blood disproportionately by the communicating vessels in the shared placenta, resulting in high fetal and perinatal mortality. Fetoscopic laser photocoagulation is performed to interrupt these communicating vessels; however, small vessels are often missed due to the poor image obtained ...

This study explores pregnant women's awareness of cord blood stem cells and their attitude regarding banking options in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK. Questionnaires were distributed in six maternities. This anonymous and self-completed questionnaire included 29 multiple-choice questions based on: 1) sociodemographic factors, 2) awareness and access to ...

Though functional intravascular parameters such as blood velocity and direction of blood flow are available via imaging modalities such as Doppler ultrasound and phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging, such quantitative information is not yet supported by computed tomography (CT). In this study, we examined a method to calculate intra-arterial blood ...

Objective. To determine whether cord blood ghrelin levels in discordant and concordant twins predict postnatal catch-up growth. Methods. After obtaining parental consent, cord blood samples were collected at delivery for total ghrelin analysis. Infant weight, length and head circumference were obtained at birth, 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Data points ...

To estimate the volume and duration of placental transfusion at term. Prospective observational study. Maternity unit in Bradford, UK. Twenty-six term births. Babies were weighed with umbilical cord intact using digital scales that record an average weight every 2 seconds. Placental transfusion was calculated from the change in weight between ...

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) groundwater remediation projects often require a combination of technologies resulting in increasing the project costs. A cost-effective in situ photocatalytic reactor design, Honeycomb II, is proposed and tested for its efficiency in MTBE degradation at various flows. This study is an intermediate phase of the research ...

The purpose of this study was to visualize the shunt flow of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) passing towards the top side of the foot from the plantar artery. Colour-flow duplex Doppler ultrasonography was performed in 112 patients who consulted an outpatient clinic with varicose veins and/or symptoms such as foot oedema, ...

Introduction.  Genital blood flow plays an important role on female sexual function. Measures that increase genital blood flow may be a therapeutic approach for female sexual dysfunction. Aim.  This study aims to show the effect of topical misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin, on clitoral blood flow. Methods.  Seventeen volunteers with female ...

Multiple biologic effects of ultrasound on the human body have been described. Our aim was to monitor changes in blood flow velocities in the radial artery during continuous pulsed wave Doppler monitoring (DM). Fifteen healthy volunteers (8 males; mean age 55 ± 17 years) underwent two 1-hour sessions of left ...

Functional neuroimaging has provided new insights for assessing cerebral function in persistent vegetative state patients (PVS). Compared to controls, positron emission tomography and single photon emission tomography have shown a substantial reduction of global brain cerebral glucose metabolism and perfusion in PVS. Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) assesses local blood flow velocity ...

The study explored interactions between systemic hemodynamics and cerebral blood flow during attentional processing. Using transcranial Doppler sonography, blood flow velocities in the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) of both hemispheres were recorded while 50 subjects performed a cued reaction time task. Finger arterial pressure and heart rate were also continuously ...

Segmented line-source multi-tracer injection is suggested as an effective method for assessing groundwater velocities and flow directions in subsurfaces characterized by high water flux. Modifying the common techniques of injecting a tracer into a well became necessary after point-source natural and forced gradient tracer tests ended with no reliable information ...

Easy trap-and-release of microparticles is necessary to study biological cellular behavior. The hydraulic jump phenomenon inspired us to conceive a microfluidic device for the hydrodynamic trap-and-release of microparticles. A sudden height increase in a microfluidic channel leads to a dramatic decrease in flow velocity, allowing effective trapping of the microparticles ...

There is evidence that vascular beds distal to the ophthalmic artery (OA) show vasoconstriction in response to a step decrease in systemic blood pressure (BP). The mediators of this response are mostly unidentified. The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that α2-adrenoreceptors may contribute to the ...

We compared the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of pulsatile flow velocity in a small tube phantom using different spatial factors versus those obtained by intraluminal Doppler guidewire examination (as reference). We generated pulsatile flow velocities averaging about 20-290 cm/sec in a tube of 4 mm diameter; we ...

Despite of precipitous blood pressure falls in Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients, they may not experience syncope or postural complaints. Can cerebral blood flow regulation explain why orthostatic hypotension (OH) has often no accompanying symptoms? In patients with PD and OH (18 asymptomatic; 8 symptomatic), arterial blood pressure (ABP) as well ...

Cilia-based transport systems characterize sponges and placozoans. Cilia are employed in cnidarian gastrovascular systems as well, but typically function in concert with muscular contractions. Previous reports suggest that anthozoans may be an exception to this pattern, utilizing only cilia in their gastrovascular systems. With an inverted microscope and digital image ...

Left ventricular cardiac output is decreased in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Our aim was to assess whether this alters cerebral perfusion or growth in utero. Fetal head circumference, biparietal diameter, lung-to-head ratio and middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler flow patterns were assessed by ultrasonography in 103 fetuses with ...