PURPOSE: The goal of the present study was to establish new Doppler reference ranges for maternal heart rate, intensity-weighted mean blood flow velocities (Vmean) and impedance indices (PI, RI) for the uterine artery by automated waveform analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional prospective study of 921 low-risk pregnancies was performed ...

Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has an important part in cellular damage in neurological diseases, including acute and chronic cerebral ischemia, brain trauma, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, and brain infections. The neurovascular unit (NVU) forms the interface between the blood and brain tissues. During an injury, the cascade of ...

Brain injury after focal ischemia evolves along two basically different pathophysiologies, depending on the severity of the primary flow reduction and the dynamics of postischemic recirculation. In permanent and gradually reversed focal ischemia as after thromboembolic occlusion, primary core injury is irreversible but the expansion of the core into the ...

PURPOSE: We sought to determine if use of warm fresh whole blood (WFWB), rather than blood component therapy, alters rates of acute lung injury (ALI) in patients with trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed rates of ALI in patients undergoing massive blood transfusions while at a combat support hospital. ...

BACKGROUND:: Childbirth, in particular, when it involves instrumental vaginal delivery, can result in direct trauma to the external anal sphincter muscle. In addition, a global injury to the pelvic floor, including neurovascular injury to the anal sphincter complex, may occur. OBJECTIVE:: The aims of this study were to determine whether ...

Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a life threatening and potentially fatal complication of blood component transfusion, which largely remains under- diagnosed and under-reported, especially in neonates. The present case aims to emphasize that TRALI should be kept as a differential diagnosis in all groups of patients, including neonates, ...

PURPOSE: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is reduced after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with considerable regional variation. Osmotic agents are used to reduce elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), improve cerebral perfusion pressure, and presumably improve CBF. Yet, osmotic agents have other physiologic effects that can influence CBF. We sought to determine ...

Stroke is a leading cause of death, long-term disability, and socioeconomic costs, highlighting the urgent need for more effective treatments. Intravenous administration of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is the only FDA-approved therapy to re-establish cerebral blood flow. However, because of increased risk of hemorrhage beyond 3 h post stroke, few ...

This paper investigates the lift force exerted on an elliptical obstacle immersed in a granular flow through analytical calculations and computer simulations. The results are shown as a function of the obstacle size, orientation with respect to the flow direction (tilt angle), the restitution coefficient and ellipse eccentricity. The theoretical ...

OBJECTIVE:The pathophysiology of sports-related concussion (SRC) is incompletely understood. Human adult and experimental animal investigations have revealed structural axonal injuries, decreases in the neuronal metabolite N-acetyl aspartate, and reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) after SRC and minor traumatic brain injury. The authors of this investigation explore these possibilities after pediatric ...

OBJECTIVE: The mechanism underlying ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protection against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is unclear. We investigated the role of spinal cord autoregulation in tolerance to spinal cord I/R injury induced by IPC in a rat model. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups. IPC (P) group ...

Near-infrared spectroscopy measures of haemoglobin oxygen saturation are often used as an indicator of sufficient oxygen delivery to assess injury susceptibility and tissue damage. They have also often been used as a surrogate measure of oxygen metabolism. Unfortunately, these measures have generally failed to provide robust indicators of injury and ...

Children with severe neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) die or develop life-long neurological impairments such as cerebral palsy and mental retardation. Decreased regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) is believed to be the predominant factor that determines the level of tissue injury in the immature brain. However, the spatio-temporal profiles of CBF ...

Reperfusion triggers an oxidative stress. We hypothesized that mild hypoxemia in reperfusion attenuates oxidative brain injury following hypoxia-ischemia (HI). In neonatal HI-mice, the reperfusion was initiated by reoxygenation with room air (RA) followed by the exposure to 100%, 21%, 18%, 15% oxygen for 60 minutes. Systemic oxygen saturation (SaO(2)), cerebral blood ...

Abstract We measured quantitative cortical mantle cerebral blood flow (CBF) by stable xenon CT within the first 12 hours after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) to determine whether neurologic outcome can be predicted by CBF stratification early after injury. Stable Xenon-CT was used for quantitative measurement of CBF (ml/100 g/min) ...

Preconditioning induces ischemic tolerance, which confers robust protection against ischemic damage. We show marked protection with polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly-IC) preconditioning in three models of murine ischemia-reperfusion injury. Poly-IC preconditioning induced protection against ischemia modeled in vitro in brain cortical cells and in vivo in models of brain ischemia and ...

BACKGROUND: Mannitol has traditionally been the mainstay of medical therapy for intracranial hypertension in patients with head injury. We previously demonstrated that mannitol reduces brain volume in patients with cerebral edema, although whether this occurs due to a reduction in brain water, blood volume or both remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the utility of urine dipstick test (UDT) for detecting rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI) due to crush injury. METHODS: All the rescued victims of the Bam earthquake who had a documented urine analysis and serum creatine phosphokinase and creatinine levels during their hospitalization period were eligible ...

In the present study, we examined intraosseous blood vessel parameters of the tibial metaphysis in mice using microcomputed tomography (µCT) to investigate the relationship between post-nerve-injury osteoporosis and local intraosseous blood vessel volume and number. Mice were randomly divided into groups receiving spinal cord injury (SCI), sciatic nerve resection group ...

Disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) and microvascular changes leading to reduction of blood supply represent hallmarks of spinal cord secondary injury causing further deterioration of the traumatized patient. Injury to the blood vessels starts with prominent hemorrhage and generation of inflammation. Furthermore, spinal cord ischemia and extravasation of ...

OBJECTIVE:To use arterial spin labeling (ASL) to compare cerebral blood flow (CBF) patterns in minimally conscious state (MCS) patients with those in normal controls in an observational study design. METHODS:Subjects meeting MCS criteria and normal controls were identified. A pseudocontinuous ASL sequence was performed with subjects and controls in the ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the recent clinical and experimental literature on the pathogenesis of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), with a focus on mechanistic aspects. RECENT FINDINGS: Mechanisms by which leukocyte antibodies induce TRALI have been unraveled, including a multistep cascade for HLA class II-induced TRALI. Significant advances ...

Although prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) is increasingly used for the treatment of trauma-induced coagulopathy, few studies have investigated the impact and safety of PCC for this indication. The present study was performed to assess PCC for treatment of coagulopathy after blunt liver injury under severe hypothermia. Coagulopathy in 14 anaesthetised ...

Cerebral metabolic impairment is feared to induce secondary brain damage following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present study was designed to assess the temporal profile of calculated arterio- jugular venous differences in glutamate (AJVDglu) and SjvO2 in patients subjected to continuous pharmacologic coma. Metabolic impairment was assumed to be reflected ...

: One of the important causes of death after blast injuries is reduced blood volume, which typically results from hemorrhage but may also result from nonhemorrhagic causes. Hemoconcentration is one such alternate cause of reduced blood volume, but its mechanism is unclear. Because blood is condensed after chest-abdomen blast injuries ...

For a long time, acute kidney injury (AKI) was considered to be a primarily hemodynamic condition characterized by a reduction of renal blood flow, induced by either cardiogenic or distributive (septic) shock. Consequently, all efforts to treat AKI were essentially concentrated on increasing renal flow by enhancing cardiac flow output ...

In Brazil, a new law introduced in 2008 has lowered the blood alcohol concentration limit for drivers from 0.06 to 0.02, but the effectiveness in reducing traffic accidents remains uncertain. This study evaluated the effects of this enactment on road traffic injuries and fatalities. Time-series analysis using autoregressive integrated moving ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Page's (1994) prominent theory for the explanation of fainting in blood-injection-injury situations holds that disgust sensitivity contributes to syncopal reactions. We investigated if blood donation-related vasovagal symptoms (1) or fainting related to blood donations (2) are associated with disgust sensitivity. METHODS: In an online sample of 361 ...

Severe IR injury is associated with poor hepatic micro-perfusion. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of hepatic artery flow (HAF) and portal vein flow (PVF) in IR injury. Materials and Methods: Between 01/04-06/08, 566 patients underwent orthotopic liver transplant (OLT). Data was retrospectively reviewed using the ...

The effects of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) are well known based on experimental investigations, and its vasodilator effect on peripheral arteries is widely used in clinical settings in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. Since Hosobuchi's [Appl Neurophysiol 1985;48:372-376] first observations on the effects of ...

Stroke causes ischemic brain injury and is a leading cause of neurological disability and death. There is, however, no promising therapy to protect the brain from ischemic stress to date. Here we show an exciting finding that optimal electro-acupuncture (EA) effectively protects the brain from ischemic injury. The experiments were ...

Abstract In a previous dose escalation study our group found that combining 90μg/kg rFVIIa with HBOC-201 reduced blood loss and improved physiologic parameters compared to HBOC alone. In this follow-up study in a swine liver injury model, we found that while there were no adverse hematology effects and trends observed ...

BACKGROUND:: Elements of volume resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock, such as amount of blood product and crystalloid administration, have been shown to be associated with multiple organ dysfunction (MOD). However, it is unknown whether these are causative factors or merely markers of an underlying requirement for large-volume resuscitation. We sought to ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It is well-established that hypertension leads to endothelial dysfunction in the cerebral artery. Recently, cilostazol has been used for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. Among antiplatelet drugs, phosphodiesterase inhibitors including cilostazol have been shown to have protective effects on endothelial cells. The aim of the present ...

As screening for transfusion-associated infections has improved, noninfectious complications of transfusion now cause the majority of morbidity and mortality associated with transfusion in the United States. For example, transfusion-related acute lung injury, transfusion-associated circulatory overload, and hemolytic transfusion-reactions are the first, second, and third leading causes of death from transfusion, ...

The potential superiority of hypertonic saline (HTS) over mannitol (MTL) for control of intracranial pressure (ICP) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still debated. Forty-seven severe TBI patients with increased ICP were prospectively recruited in two university hospitals and randomly treated with equiosmolar infusions of either MTL 20% (4 ml/kg; ...

ABSTRACT: The study by Dr Peiniger and colleagues in a recent issue of Critical Care indicates that transfusion strategies using an early and more balanced ratio between fresh frozen plasma and red blood cell transfusions provide a survival benefit in patients with acute traumatic coagulopathy requiring massive transfusion within the ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the blood flow changes and their relationships to microvessel density (MVD) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) by transvaginal colour Doppler sonography (TV-CDS) in the ovarian interstitium to predict ovarian interstitial microvascular injury in the pathological process of ovarian endometrial cysts (OEC). METHODS: TV-CDS was preoperatively performed to detect blood ...

Original experimental studies in nonhuman primate models of focal ischemia showed flow-related changes in evoked potentials that suggested a circumferential zone of low regional cerebral blood flow with normal K(+) homeostasis, around a core of permanent injury in the striatum or the cortex. This became the basis for the definition ...

Aim  To analyze the severity of automotive injuries associated with blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in increments of 0.01%. Design/setting  Epidemiological study using the Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Participants  All people in US fatal automotive accidents, 1994-2008 (n = 1 495 667). Measurements  The ratio of serious: non-serious injuries for drivers, by BAC. Findings  Accident ...

The authors present a review of spinal cord blood supply, discussing the anatomy of the vascular system and physiological aspects of blood flow regulation in normal and injured spinal cords. Unique anatomical functional properties of vessels and blood supply determine the susceptibility of the spinal cord to damage, especially ischemia. ...

: We performed this study to evaluate the hemostatic efficacy of the FAST Dressing in treating a grade V liver injury in noncoagulopathic swine. : Sixteen female splenectomized, noncoagulopathic swine underwent reproducible grade V liver injuries. The animals were blindly randomized to two treatment groups: (1) FAST Dressing (n = ...

BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord blood is a potential vast source of primitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells available for clinical application to reconstitute the hematopoietic system and/or restore immunological function in affected individuals requiring treatment. Cord blood can be used as an alternative source for bone marrow transplantation and its use ...

Study design:A cross-sectional experimental study.Objective:The purpose of this study is to examine the benefit of elastic abdominal binders on voluntary cough in persons with spinal cord injury.Setting:Spinal rehabilitation unit in a teaching hospital.Methods:We measured voluntary cough peak expiratory flow rate (in 21 subjects with spinal cord injury, (18 tetraplegia, 3 ...

Measuring the rate of consumption of oxygen ( ) during swimming reveals the energetics of fish locomotion. We show that rainbow trout have substantially different oxygen requirements for station holding depending on which hydrodynamic microhabitats they choose to occupy around a cylinder. We used intermittent flow respirometry to show that ...

The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is the functional equivalent of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the sense of providing a specialized microenvironment for the cellular constituents of the spinal cord. Even if intuitively the BSCB could be considered as the morphological extension of the BBB into the spinal cord, evidence ...

<title/> Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a novel endothelin receptor A antagonist on blood flow and behavioral outcome given 30 minutes following traumatic brain injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (400-450 g) were used in this study. All animals were scanned for initial blood flow using arterial ...

<title/> Objective: This study characterized the association between endothelin-1, cerebral hemodynamics, and histopathology after fluid percussion brain injury in the newborn pig. Lateral fluid percussion injury was induced in newborn pigs equipped with a closed cranial window. Cerebral blood flow was determined with radiolabeled microspheres and cerebrospinal fluid endothelin-1 was ...

Background: Episodes of hyperglycemia are considered to be a secondary insult in traumatically brain-injured patients and have been shown to be associated with impaired outcome. Intensive insulin therapy to maintain a strict glucose level has been suggested to decrease morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients but this aggressive insulin ...

Free radicals play an important role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Accumulations of toxic free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) not only increase the susceptibility of brain tissue to ischemic damage but also trigger numerous molecular cascades, leading to increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, ...