The effect of estimating the blood balance using changes in erythrocyte volumes (EVs) instead of the routinely used changes in haematocrit values was studied in 20 patients scheduled for cardiac surgery. We determined the mean haematocrit of the effluent from the postoperative thoracic drainage system at various time intervals. These ...

STUDY DESIGN: Controlled study to assess the efficacy of aprotinin and Amicar in reducing blood loss during complex spinal fusions. OBJECTIVES: To compare blood loss and the clotting profile with a thromboelastogram in patients with spinal deformities undergoing sequential anterior and posterior spinal fusions treated intraoperatively with either aprotinin or ...

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study evaluating the efficacy of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) in decreasing perioperative blood loss in idiopathic scoliosis. OBJECTIVES: To compare the perioperative blood loss and need for blood replacement in two groups of patients undergoing surgery for idiopathic scoliosis. One group received intraoperative EACA; the other did ...

Hysterectomy is the second-most-common surgical procedure among premenopausal women. The conditions that lead to the need for a hysterectomy often are accompanied by chronic blood loss that can lead to anemia. Moreover, hysterectomy and myomectomy may result in significant blood loss, which exacerbates the anemia. The presence of fatigue associated ...

An important problem that arises in the design and the performance of axial flow turbines is the understanding, analysis, prediction and control of secondary flows. Sieverding has given a review of secondary flow literature, covering up to 1985. In this paper a brief review of pre-1985 work is given, and ...

Extensive cranioorbital surgery for craniosynostosis in young children can produce excessive blood loss. Thus, to overcome the disadvantage of unappropriated blood loss and translocation of the osteosynthesis material, we performed a subgaleal dissection in infants and compared the subperiosteal with the subgaleal surgical approach in 29 children who underwent surgery ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Surgical repair of spinal metastases from renal origin is often complicated by excessive bleeding. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of preoperative particulate embolization on intraoperative blood loss. METHODS: Twenty spinal metastases from renal origin (17 patients) treated by preoperative embolization with polyvinyl ...

Subsurface tile drains are a key source of nitrate N (NO3-N) losses to streams in parts of the north central USA. In this study, the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model was evaluated by comparing measured vs. predicted tile flow, tile NO3-N loss, soil profile residual NO3-N, crop N uptake, ...

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that induction of coagulopathy in sheep would model clinical needle hole and surgical bleeding from synthetic graft anastomoses, and that a new tissue bioadhesive (BioGlue) would control postoperative blood loss during surgical repair of the thoracic aorta. METHODS: Sheep were anticoagulated with aspirin and heparin. A bypass ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of 400 microg rectal misoprostol in 5 cm(3) of saline with oxytocin 10 IU, i.m., in reducing bleeding during the third stage of labor. DESIGN: A double blind, randomized, clinical trial including 663 women with uncomplicated vaginal delivery who received misoprostol (n=324) or oxytocin (n=339). ...

The 67th Combat Support Hospital at Camp Bondsteel, Kosovo, treated victims of trauma on an almost daily basis at the beginning of U.S. peacekeeping efforts in the region. Military health care personnel must respond quickly and efficiently when confronted with patient wounds resulting in massive blood losses. The limited medical ...

OBJECTIVES: To find out whether hypotensive anaesthesia minimized blood loss during orthognathic surgery. DESIGN: A prospective randomized clinical study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 53 consecutive patients, 15-33 years old, who were to have orthognathic operations were admitted to the study. They were randomly allocated to either normotensive or hypotensive anaesthesia. RESULTS: ...

BACKGROUND: Oxytocics are routinely used in an attempt to prevent excessive blood loss during cesarean section. Misoprostol, a potent uterotonic agent, has been reported to be useful in the prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage by several investigators but its use during cesarean section has not been described. The objective ...

Pressure loss from flow energy dissipation may impair cardiac performance when a heart with a single ventricle must support the circulation. Therefore, the goal of this study was to use a simple description of fluid motion to provide insight into flow energetics relevant to Fontan-type procedures. Our findings indicate that ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of fibrinogen concentration of dry fibrin bandages on blood loss after grade V liver injury. METHODS: Twenty-four pigs were used. Grade V liver injuries were induced and treated with dry fibrin bandages containing 0, 4, 8, or 15 mg fibrinogen/cm2. Animals were monitored for 60 ...

Antifibrinolytics seem to reduce postoperative blood loss after total knee arthroplasty. Few studies have shown the impact of these drugs on the mechanisms of coagulation. The purpose of this study was to examine coagulation/fibrinolysis variables as well as blood loss after total knee arthroplasty with and without antifibrinolytics in the ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: [corrected] For decades, hypotensive anesthesia has been used in an attempt to reduce intraoperative blood loss. Hypotensive epidural anesthesia (HEA) is a relatively new technique in hypotensive anesthesia. Use of a tourniquet has been shown to be associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular and thromboembolic complications. ...

BACKGROUND: It has been recommended that intraoperative acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) be considered for patients expected to experience surgical blood loss of 20% or more of their blood volume. Previous mathematical analyses have not evaluated the potential efficacy of ANH in terms of fraction of blood volume lost. Since decrease ...

OBJECTIVE: In lower-extremity surgery there are significant risks associated with the use of tourniquets. This prospective study was done to assess to what extent these risks may be offset by the potential advantages of tourniquets, namely reductions in blood loss, length of hospital stay and complication rates. DESIGN: A prospective ...

Compensation for acute blood loss requires cardiovascular integrity. In older people, asymptomatic cardiovascular impairment is common. In these subjects, even moderate blood loss is often treated by external volume replacement although its benefits are not clear. We investigated the effect of 450 ml of blood loss on the microcirculation and ...

OBJECTIVES: Modified ultrafiltration (MUF) significantly reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements in pediatric cardiac surgery presumably by a reduction in inflammatory mediators which decrease the inflammatory axes and decrease the cross-activation of fibrinolysis and thrombosis. The influence of MUF on blood loss and homologous blood transfusion in adult cardiac surgery ...

BACKGROUND: Deep pulmonary laceration (DPL) is rare and its survival rate is low. The present study focused on the prognostic factors of DPL. METHODS: The present study concerned 17 DPL patients treated in Tokai University Hospital between 1988 and 1998. The prognostic factors of DPL were compared with systolic blood ...

Blood loss has been reduced using both tourniquets and epinephrine-injected subeschar during burn wound excision. This study quantified and compared blood loss in extremities distal to an inflated tourniquet with that after subeschar infusion of 1:1,000,000 epinephrine in saline into the trunk or proximal extremities. Tangential excision of eschar to ...

Blood loss because of phlebotomy for diagnostic laboratory tests is a well-recognized risk to neonates, particularly low-birthweight infants. In contrast, the risk of anemia from blood drawing in adults is relatively poorly studied. A few clinical studies have demonstrated the magnitude of this issue for critical care patients; most adult ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term safety of administering leupeptin (1 mg/ml in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution) to the round window membrane by investigating its effects on cochlear blood flow, auditory sensitivity (i.e., auditory brainstem response), and cochlear histology. A comparison of baseline and posttreatment measurements ...

We studied the perioperative blood loss in 100 total hip arthroplasties performed for rapidly destructive coxarthrosis and compared it with the blood loss in 100 total hip arthroplasties for regular coxarthrosis. The treatment protocol was identical in both groups. Total blood loss was calculated as the compensated blood loss (volume ...

INTRODUCTION: We examined whether the bedside SensiCath Blood Gas Monitoring System could reduce both blood loss and the time needed to make ventilator-setting changes in a population of very low birth weight (VLBW; <1,500 g) infants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, group sample trial was conducted on ventilator-dependent newly born ...

Before the discovery of its hemostatic properties, aprotinin was thought of as a potential anti-inflammatory agent. Its clinical introduction in 1987 to prevent blood loss during cardiac surgery [Royston 1987, van Oeveren 1987] led to its anti-inflammatory benefits being largely overlooked in favor of a vigorous debate centering on whether ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the use of the endoscopic gastrointestinal anastomosis (GIA) stapler for hemostasis of the dorsal vein complex during radical retropubic prostatectomy saves operation time and blood loss together with therapeutic efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 1990 to December 1998, a total of 296 patients underwent radical ...

This is a randomized, double-blind, controlled study of the effects of aprotinin (Trasylol) during primary total hip arthroplasty. Sixty patients were randomized to receive either 1.5 x 10(6) KIU of aprotinin or a similar volume of normal saline as a bolus preoperatively. Blood loss was measured from the femoral canal ...

BACKGROUND: Significant blood loss continues to plague early tangential excision of the burn wound. Although various techniques to reduce intraoperative blood loss have been described, there is an absence of uniformity and consistency in their application. Furthermore, it is unclear whether these techniques compromise intraoperative tissue assessment and wound outcome. ...

The application of microdialysis technique for the investigation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs requires careful assessment of probe performance to ensure validity of the data obtained using this technique. The aim of this study was to establish and validate the microdialysis technique for investigation of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics ...

The photodynamic action of riboflavin is generally considered to involve the generation of reactive oxygen species, whose production is enhanced when Cu(II) is present in the reaction. In the present study we report that photoactivated riboflavin causes K(+) loss from fresh human red blood cells (RBC) in a time dependent ...

Most cases of sudden hearing loss have no identifiable cause. A link between compensatory blood flow through the circle of Willis and recovery from sudden hearing loss has, however, been suggested. We assessed 22 patients with sudden hearing loss who had no cerebrovascular disease, and 41 controls matched for age ...

BACKGROUND: Aprotinin and epsilon aminocaproic acid are antifibrinolytic agents used to reduce postoperative blood loss after cardiopulmonary bypass. We compared low dose aprotinin with epsilon aminocaproic acid and a combination of the two agents to reduce postoperative blood loss in infants with congenital cyanotic heart disease undergoing corrective surgical procedures. ...

Early detection of acute hemorrhage is problematic because changes in traditional parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure are notoriously unreliable. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acute, moderate blood loss on stroke index (SI) as measured non-invasively by impedance cardiography. METHODS: Five healthy, adult volunteers were phlebotomized 590 ...

We evaluated the effects of aggressive warming and maintenance of normothermia on surgical blood loss and allogeneic transfusion requirement. We randomly assigned 150 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty with spinal anesthesia to aggressive warming (to maintain a tympanic membrane temperature of 36.5 degrees C) or conventional warming (36 degrees C). ...

The levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG IUS) releases 20 microg/24 h of levonorgestrel from a polymer cylinder mounted on a T-shaped frame and covered with a release rate-controlling membrane. It is approved for 5-year use. The most outstanding features of LNG IUS are its high contraceptive efficacy and reduction of menstrual ...

BACKGROUND: Suture hole bleeding is a frequent complication in vascular surgery. The use of fibrin sealants (FSs) during surgery is reported to reduce blood loss by enhancing hemostasis. OBJECTIVES: Using a pig vascular graft model we investigated: (1) the use of FSs in vascular surgery and measured blood loss with ...

Use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG IUS) is associated with a strong reduction in the number of days of bleeding and menstrual blood loss. This effect is based on the marked local action of the intrauterine release of levonorgestrel (LNG) on the endometrium. In suppressed endometrium the production of ...

OBJECTIVE: this study was designed to assess if the use of a sterile exsanguination tourniquet (Boazul cuff) reduced blood loss from the groin and avulsion wounds during varicose vein surgery, (saphenofemoral disconnection, stripping to knee and multiple avulsions). DESIGN: prospective, parallel cohort study. MATERIALS: thirty-eight patients undergoing primary varicose vein ...

We investigated the average operating time and extent of intra-operative blood loss in orthognathic surgeries performed using induced hypotensive general anaesthesia, with the intention of devising a practical guideline for blood unit preparation for these procedures. We prospectively studied 32 Chinese patients undergoing surgery to correct dentofacial deformities at a ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of the absorbable fibrin adhesive bandage (AFAB), a prototype product comprising lyophilized fibrinogen and thrombin on a VicrylTM mesh backing, to seal the collecting system and control bleeding after partial nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Growing female pigs (n = 18) underwent left nephrectomy and a ...

The management of acute massive blood loss is considered and a template guideline is formulated, supported by a review of the key literature and current evidence. It is emphasized that, if avoidable deaths are to be prevented, surgeons, anaesthetists, haematologists and blood-bank staff need to communicate closely in order to ...

BACKGROUND: In surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), excessive bleeding which causes postoperative complications is sometimes observed. To determine the risk factors of perioperative excessive blood loss, this retrospective study was performed. METHODS: Design. A retrospective study. Setting. An academic medical center. Participants. One hundred and forty patients underwent ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this prospective study was to compare the quality of the surgical field, blood loss, and operative time with either hypotensive or normotensive anesthesia during Le Fort I osteotomies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients were randomized into normotensive or hypotensive anesthesia treatment groups. The quality of the ...

The study is a prospective analysis of anaesthesia-associated complications and deaths in Malawi. During a period of 6 months 51 complications and 14 deaths in 3022 anaesthetics were reported. Low blood pressure caused by septicaemia or acute blood loss was responsible for 53% of the complications and 71% of deaths. ...

PURPOSE: Orthotopic liver transplantation is typically associated with large volume blood loss. Technological and pharmacological advances permit liver transplantation in patients who formerly were not candidates for this surgery because of strict limitations on blood product administration. We describe a liver transplant in a Jehovah's Witness with ankylosing spondylitis. CLINICAL ...

In total knee arthroplasty (TKA) the total blood loss is composed of 'visible' blood loss from the surgical field and wound drainage, and blood loss into the tissues which is hidden. Blood management should be aimed at addressing the total blood loss. The measured loss is generally an underestimation of ...

In cases where the loss of a small volume of blood is critical to the patient's welfare, the technique of re-wiring intra-arterial and intravenous catheters that minimize the amount of blood lost is important. A simple technique is described using the needleless systems which are now widely employed throughout hospitals.