The Flow Cytometry Standard (FCS) format was developed back in 1984. Since then, FCS became the standard file format supported by all flow cytometry software and hardware vendors. Over the years, updates were incorporated to adapt to technological advancements in both flow cytometry and computing technologies. However, flexibility in how ...

BACKGROUND: African Americans develop hypertension earlier with more target manifestations than whites despite having a higher glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for any level of serum creatinine. STUDY DESIGN & PARTICIPANTS: This study tested the hypothesis that increased GFR and sodium reabsorption in African Americans is associated with increased metabolic work ...

HeartWare continuous flow ventricular assist devices (HVAD) configured as biventricular assist devices maintain diurnal flow variation, lead to end-organ recovery, and provide for a successful bridge-to-heart transplantation in the first successful North American use of continuous flow biventricular assist devices.

Despite growing evidence implicating disgust in the etiology of blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia, the relevance of disgust for exposure-based treatment of BII phobia remains largely unknown. Individuals with BII phobia were randomly assigned to a disgust (view vomit videos) or neutral activation (view waterfall videos) condition. They were then exposed to ...

We examined whether a somatosensory cue suggesting forward self-motion facilitated vection. We provided a consistent air flow to subjects' faces by using an electric fan.Vection strength was increased when the air flow was provided.

An efficient and easily scalable transformation of alcohols and aldehydes to carboxylic acids and nitroalkane derivatives to the corresponding carbonyls and carboxylic acids using permanganate as the oxidant within a continuous flow reactor is reported. Notably, the generation and downstream processing of MnO(2) slurries was not found to cause any ...

information on the clinical effects associated with whole blood gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) concentrations is sparse. We have investigated possible relationships between GHB blood concentrations and clinical effects in car drivers. in Norway, the police stop car drivers suspected of drug-driving. Medical doctors perform a clinical test of impairment (CTI) and blood ...

Harmane, a potent tremor-producing β-carboline alkaloid, may play a role in the etiology of essential tremor (ET). Blood harmane concentrations are elevated in ET cases compared with controls yet the basis for this elevation remains unknown. Decreased metabolic conversion (harmane to harmine) is one possible explanation. Using a sample of ...

Ethanol elimination was studied in camels (n=8) after a single bolus intravenous dose of 0.1g/kg bodyweight (BW). Blood samples were then collected at set intervals. Ethanol and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in blood were analysed by validated static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods, respectively. Blood-ethanol concentration-time ...

The effects of genetic polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) on alcohol metabolism are striking in nonalcoholics, and the effects of genetic polymorphism of alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B) are modest at most, whereas genetic polymorphisms of both strongly affect the susceptibility to alcoholism and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer of drinkers. We ...

Reliable information about the elimination rate of alcohol (ethanol) from blood is often needed in forensic science and legal medicine when alcohol-related crimes, such as drunken driving or drug-related sexual assault are investigated. A blood sample for forensic analysis might not be taken until several hours after an offence was ...

Ethanol oxidation by the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system requires oxygen for alcohol metabolism, and a higher oxygen uptake increases the rate of ethanol oxidation. We investigated the effect of dissolved oxygen on the pharmacokinetics of alcohol in healthy humans (n = 49). The concentrations of dissolved oxygen were 8, 20, ...

The aim of this study is to investigate the concentrations of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in oral fluid and both EtG and ethyl sulfate (EtS) in blood and urine following intense use of mouthwash and ingestion of nonalcoholic wine, which are proven to contain 3 mg/L EtG, 1.5 mg/L EtS, and ...

It is standard practice to clean the skin using a non-alcohol-containing swab before forensic blood alcohol sampling, because of the belief that the use of an alcohol-containing swab will contaminate the sample. The present study aimed to determine whether cleaning the skin with 70% isopropyl alcohol swabs, before venepuncture, alters ...

The Intoxilyzer 8000C was used to measure breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) in 10 healthy subjects under social drinking conditions. Measurements commenced within 5 min of the end of drinking (EOD). For 14 blood-breath pairs, measured BrACs were compared to corresponding venous blood alcohol concentrations (vBAC) of samples drawn at least ...

Alcohol testing is an expanding area of interest due to the impacts of alcohol abuse that extend well beyond drunk driving. However, existing approaches such as blood and urine assays are hampered in some testing environments by biohazard risks. A noninvasive, in vivo spectroscopic technique offers a promising alternative, as ...

Ethiofencarb is one of the carbamate compounds, which are, in general, less toxic than organophosphorus insecticides. This is due to their reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibition and relative inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Generally, ethiofencarb is regarded to be of low toxicity (LD(50) > 200 mg/kg); however, severe poisoning and death ...

AIMS: According to Norwegian guidelines, patients who are in opioid-assisted rehabilitation programmes are permitted to drive a motor vehicle provided that certain requirements are met. The purpose of this study was to investigate apprehended drivers who had methadone in their blood at the time of apprehension and, further, the relationship ...

Three alcoholics (62 years, 47 years, 83 years) died between 11 and 18 h after ingestion of ethylene glycol (EG). One person committed suicide. Observed symptoms of intoxication were seizures, respiratory depression, arrhythmias and hypotonia. All died in hospital after failed attempts at resuscitation, one person did so after an ...

BACKGROUND: About 3-7% of the adult population receives prescribed hypnotics. The benzodiazepine-like hypnotics, zopiclone and zolpidem, are the most commonly prescribed and may cause traffic-relevant impairment similar to that found for benzodiazepines. We investigated the relationship between blood zopiclone and zolpidem concentrations and driving impairment, as assessed by the clinical ...

CONCLUSION: High concentrations of the antioxidant thiosulfate reach scala tympani perilymph after i.v. administration in the guinea pig. Thiosulfate concentrations in perilymph remain elevated longer than in blood. This warrants further studies on the possibility of obtaining otoprotection by thiosulfate administration several hours before that of cisplatin without compromising the ...

BACKGROUND: Blood for transfusion may become contaminated at any point between collection and transfusion and may result in bacteraemia (the presence of bacteria in the blood), severe illness or even death for the blood recipient. Donor arm skin is one potential source of blood contamination, so it is usual to ...

To address the question of whether increased ethanol elimination in alcoholics can be ascribed to increased metabolism via alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; K(m) around 0.2 mM) or the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS; K(m) 10 mM) by kinetic analysis of hepatic ethanol elimination in recently drinking patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and healthy ...

A continuous flow system for the synthesis of enantioenriched diarylmethanols from aldehydes is described. The system uses an amino alcohol-functionalized polystyrene resin as the catalyst, and the arylating agent is conveniently prepared by transmetallation of triarylboroxins with diethylzinc.

We conducted a congener-specific analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in blood collected from 242 Yusho patients (mean: 65.5 years, median: 67.0 years) and 74 Yusho-suspected persons (mean: 54.7 years, median: 55.0 years) in 2004, and compared each congener concentrations of PCBs among the groups of Yusho patients, Yusho-suspected persons, and ...

Concentrations of the illicit drug gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) were determined in femoral venous blood and urine obtained at autopsy in a series of GHB-related deaths (N = 49). The analysis of GHB was done by gas chromatography after conversion to gamma-butyrolactone and quantitation of the latter with a flame ionization detector. ...

We recently reported that the maturation of whisky prolongs the exposure of the body to a given dose of alcohol by reducing the rate of alcohol metabolism and thus lowers the blood acetaldehyde level (Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007;31:77s-82s). In this study, administration of the nonvolatile fraction of whisky was ...

AIM: The change of antemortem blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in inadequately processed samples was examined. METHODS: The study was performed on nine healthy, sober volunteers after overnight fasting. Blood samples were divided into groups and stored, with or without NaF, for varying time periods (12, 24 and 48 h) and ...

Cisplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug, has severe dose-limiting side effects which include ototoxicity. In this study, we investigate the ototoxic effects of cisplatin in relation to the concentration of platinum in whole blood, plasma and perilymph. Guinea pigs were equipped with a permanent round window electrode for electrocochleography and treated ...

The archived head-space chromatograms of ethanol determinations in autopsy blood in the years 1996-2003 were analysed. One hundred and two cases with elevated acetone level >250mmol/l were selected in which the biochemical profiles of volatile alcohols (methanol, isopropanol and n-propanol) were determined after "post-hoc" calibration of the constant internal standard. ...

BACKGROUND: Hemorheology plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease. The Micro Channel array Flow Analyzer (MC-FAN) (Hitachi Haramachi Electronics Co., Ltd., Bentencho, Japan) is currently considered a useful new device to analyze hemorheology. However, the relationships between various lifestyle habits and hemorheology, especially using MC-FAN, have still ...

Pedestrians are often considered the most vulnerable group of road users. The aim of our study was to analyze the forensic aspects of pedestrian traffic fatalities in Rijeka region. We analyzed pedestrian fatalities in a 5-year period (2002-2006), which included 44 fatally injured pedestrians examined at the Rijeka Institute of ...

Tripeptides may possess bioactive properties. For instance, blood pressure lowering is attributed to the proline-rich tripeptides Ile-Pro-Pro (IPP), Leu-Pro-Pro (LPP), and Val-Pro-Pro (VPP). However, little is known about their absorption, distribution, and elimination characteristics. The aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic behavior of IPP, LPP, and VPP ...

Increasing use is being made of stable isotopes as indicators of habitat use and trophic ecology of animals. Preservation of tissues can alter stable isotope signatures. We investigated the effects of addition of ethanol and NaCl solution (hereafter 'salt'), and of freezing and drying, on carbon and nitrogen isotopic values ...

A fatal case of intentional poisoning with two antiarrhythmic agents, pilsicainide, a pure sodium channel blocker, and atenolol, a selective beta1 blocker, is presented. A woman in her twenties was found dead at home and empty pill packages of pilsicainide, atenolol, and aspirin were found near by. Hesitation marks were ...

Heavy fetal alcohol exposure is associated with a spectrum of neurological abnormalities, although the mechanism of injury is largely unknown. We previously reported attenuated cerebral blood flow response to hypoxia in fetal and newborn sheep which were exposed to alcohol earlier in pregnancy. One possible mechanism for this effect of ...

BACKGROUND: Polymorphonuclear, neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) play a major role in the control of infections, and people who abuse alcohol are susceptible to infections. Resistance against infections ensues intracellularly following initial phagocytosis of microorganisms with the oxygen-dependent respiratory burst, the key enzyme of which is the respiratory burst oxidase, whereby oxygen ...

Krachaidum (KD, Kaempferia parviflora Wall. Ex. Baker), a native plant of Southeast Asia, is traditionally used to enhance male sexual function. However, only few scientific data in support of this anecdote have been reported. The present study investigated the effects of feeding three different extracts of KD (alcohol, hexane, and ...

The study presents a case of fatal poisoning with oleander leaves in an adult diabetic male. After repeated vomiting, and gastrointestinal distress the patient was admitted at the hospital with cardiac symptoms 1h after the ingestion. Urine samples were assayed immunochemically and by GC-MS for drugs of abuse and for ...

The neuropharmacological effects of alcohol are known to vary by limb of the blood alcohol curve, yet human laboratory studies of alcoholism pharmacotherapies have largely failed to consider limb of intoxication when examining medication effects on subjective responses to alcohol. This study examined the effects of naltrexone compared to placebo ...

We encountered a case of fatal congestive heart failure that occurred under the influence of flecainide. In this case, an extreme postmortem increase in the flecainide level was identified in cardiac blood. The patient had been administered 400 mg/day of flecainide for seven days before death. Antemortem plasma obtained 13 ...

Three cases are reported of elevated postmortem blood morphine concentrations (189-3036 ng/mL) that were observed during the course of death investigations involving three children ranging in age from 1 week to 2 years, all of whom underwent withdrawal of life support. In all three cases, the presence of opiates in ...

A 54-year-old man was found dead with a bottle containing a brownish fluid near him. A toxicological screening was carried out in blood, urine, and stomach content. Only dichlorvos (2,2 dichlorovinyl O-O dimethylphosphate or DDVP) was found. A simple and rapid method, using DDVP-D(6) as an internal standard, was developed ...

The development of a relatively simple, noninvasive method for estimating blood ethanol concentrations in mice will be useful in behavioral studies related to alcoholism. This study validated such a method. The apparatus consists of a body chamber fitted with a head stock through which the mouse head protrudes. This was ...

In this paper we aim to understand the size/conformation relationship in waxy barley starch, a polydisperse and ultrahigh molar mass biomacromolecule. Characterizations are performed with asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF). Furthermore, we study the effect of homogenization on the molar mass, rms radius (r rms) and hydrodynamic radius (r h). ...

The study of the relationship between the epidural hematoma or subdural hematoma alcohol concentration (SDHAC) compared with femoral blood (BAC) and vitreous humor alcohol concentration (VHAC). The specimens of 25 corpses (total 888 corpses) were carried out which revealed EDH or SDH, no treatment and the autopsy performed within 24 ...

Usefulness of portable, handheld breath analysers equipped with electrochemical sensor was assessed. Breath- and blood-alcohol concentrations in drunken drivers were taken from 370 expert opinions elaborated at the Institute of Forensic Research between January 1st 2002 and February 28th 2007. The results of second and subsequent measurements were re-calculated using ...

Paired blood and breath alcohol concentrations (BAC, in g/dL, and BrAC, in g/210 L), were determined for 11,837 drivers apprehended by the New Zealand Police. For each driver, duplicate BAC measurements were made using headspace gas chromatography and duplicate BrAC measurements were made with either Intoxilyzer 5000, Seres 679T or ...

A woman with acute poisoning from extended-release paracetamol presented at 14.5 hours post-ingestion. The paracetamol's absorption phase and elimination half-life appeared prolonged, with peak blood concentration occurring at 20 hours post-ingestion, requiring an extended course of intravenous N-acetylcysteine. Current treatment recommendations, based on experience with a different formulation in the ...

Sodium oxybate is the sodium salt of gamma- hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous cerebral inhibitory neurotransmitter. It is licensed in the United States for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy and in the European Union for the treatment of narcolepsy with cataplexy. Its mode of action ...