The effect of alcohol on blood flow at sites of blastocyst implantation versus adjacent intersites was measured in conscious unrestrained rats on day 5 of pregnancy. Alcohol (0.75 ml of 100% ethanol diluted 1:2, v/v) was injected into the femoral vein (1 g/kg body wt); controls received an equivalent volume ...

OBJECTIVE: A series of studies examined how various blood ethanol concentrations influenced the effectiveness of a negative punishment procedure in a risk-taking/decision-making task. Based on the animal punishment literature plus the impression that ethanol diminishes the effects of punishment and impairs decision making, it was predicted that individuals receiving alcohol ...

The interaction of Ro15-4513 (5 mg/kg) with ethanol (3 g/kg, 60%w/v bolus) in dogs was investigated. Ro15-4513 challenge 120 minutes after a single ethanol dose had no significant effect on blood ethanol concentration or heart rate. In the same experiment, (1) blood acetaldehyde concentration was elevated to more than double ...

We studied the influence of vasoconstriction and vasodilation on the concentrations and the pharmacokinetics of ethanol in arterial blood (a), venous blood (v), and end-expired breath (b). Ethanol 0.4 g kg(minus sign1) was given by intravenous infusion over 30 min to 12 healthy male volunteers, once in the morning and ...

We have developed a new, sensitive, and rapid method for measuring the ketone body concentration in arterial blood and determining the arterial blood ketone body ratio. The procedure involves the sequential use of the enzymes 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (3-HBDH; EC 1.1.1.30) and NADH oxidase, followed by a color-generating reaction with the ...

There is substantial agreement among scientists that the variability of a person's blood- to breath-alcohol ratio contributes significantly to the experimental error in results from breath-alcohol analysis. Some have argued that the need to correct for this source of error can be eliminated by reporting breath test results in units ...

Propofol is often used for sedation during regional anesthesia. We tested the hypothesis that propofol blood concentration, the Bispectral Index and the 95% spectral edge frequency predict suppression of learning during propofol/epidural anesthesia in volunteers. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that the Bispectral Index is linearly related to propofol ...

We report an HPLC method for measuring the concentrations of reduced (GSH) and total (GSHt) free glutathione in human plasma and whole blood. The chromatographic step was coupled with a postcolumn derivatization reaction and fluorometric detection. The linear range was 0.81-13.02 mumol/L, and the detection limit was 0.13 mumol/L. In ...

A homicide caused by blunt trauma to the neck and head is reported. On the left side of the victim's neck were multiple superficial cuts that ran parallel to deeper ones that appeared to be the typical pattern of tentative or hesitation injuries. Further information on the perpetration of the ...

We used 25 rabbits to study blood chemistry, urinary flow and solute excretion for 2 h during and after intravenous infusion of 50, 75 and 100 ml/kg of 4 solutions that have recently been introduced in Sweden for irrigation during transurethral operations. Infusion of mannitol 3% + ethanol 1% and ...

A theoretical analysis of the microdialysis ethanol technique in skeletal muscle is presented, and a model governing the transport of ethanol from the microdialysis probe to the capillaries in the muscle tissue is proposed. The model is derived under the assumption of a steady-state situation, and an analytical solution is ...

A quantitative validation of the microdialysis ethanol technique was performed in cat gastrocnemius muscle. Six to eight microdialysis probes were inserted into the isolated muscle preparation and perfused (0.5-10.0 microliters/min) with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing between 5 and 1,000 mmol/l ethanol. Skeletal muscle blood flow was held constant in the range ...

The stability of two new immunosuppressants, tacrolimus and cyclosporin G (CsG), was evaluated in whole blood following incubation of patient specimens at ambient temperature or 4 degrees C for time periods of 2 (48 h) and 7 days (168 h) after collection. No decrease in CsG concentrations was noted over ...

We report the identification of acetone (0.45 mg/mL) and isopropanol (0.17 mg/mL) but without the presence of ethanol in a blood sample from a man suspected of driving under the influence of alcohol. A preliminary breath screening test with an electrochemical instrument (Alcolmeter S-L2) was positive and an evidential breath-test ...

This was a unblinded clinical trial of the stimulant methylphenidate (Ritalin) for nicotine withdrawal. Nineteen nicotine-dependent smokers received oral methylphenidate (30 mg target daily dosage) for 5 days following abrupt cessation. Tobacco withdrawal, Spielberger state anxiety, blood pressure, and pulse were measured at baseline, then serially for 7 days. Tobacco ...

The use of intravenous agents to maintain anesthesia has become increasingly popular since the introduction of propofol. Its popularity results from the fact that in 95% of patients given 2.5 mg propofol per kilogram of body weight, the induction of the drug is rapid and smooth and is followed by ...

The analysis of multiple specimens for ethanol has become a necessary and accepted practice in postmortem forensic toxicology. The correlation between blood and various body fluids has been well documented. However, there is little data on the distribution of ethanol in specimens such as the liver. In postmortem cases where ...

Studies on controlled release dosage forms were conducted by using waxy materials for a newly developed anti-allergy drug, 6-methyl-N-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide (TA-5707F), which is not maintained at an effective level in blood for a long duration. Four kinds of tablets were prepared by changing the amount of hydrogenated oil (K3 wax) and ...

The body distribution of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with molecular weights (MW) from 14,800 to 434,000 Da was investigated after intravenous administration and compared with that of other water-soluble polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), gelatin, dextran, and pullulan. The half-life of PVA in the circulation was prolonged from 90 min ...

It is well established that caffeine and alcohol can have acute effects on heart rate and blood pressure, but it is not known whether cardiac output and peripheral blood flow are also affected. Such information is needed before any possible effects of caffeine or alcohol on the haemodynamic responses to ...

A case investigated by the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, State of Maryland, identified methadone at a heart blood concentration of 2.4 mg/L and a subclavian blood concentration of 0.8 mg/L. Due to these discrepant results, a study was undertaken to determine whether such inconsistencies occurred in other methadone ...

The correlation between blood PCB concentration and clinical manifestation of symptoms was investigated in 259 chronic "Yusho" patients, using the information obtained from the nationwide health examination conducted in 1988, twenty years after the outbreak. Concentrations of blood PCBs ranged 0.6-32.0 ppb (mean; 4.78), and they were categorized into approximate ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) may contain as much as 38% ethanol. We evaluated the effects of ethanol-containing MDIs on breath alcohol testing. DESIGN: Prospective, single-blind, crossover, controlled study. PARTICIPANTS: Three healthy male volunteers 29 to 36 years old. INTERVENTION: We studied three brands: Tornalate, (38% ethanol), Bronkometer, (30% ethanol), ...

Industrial fermentations carried out in a 500-l bioreactor were monitored on-line by a prototype of a split-flow modified thermal biosensor. Acetaldehyde and glycerol in the extracellular broth were monitored over the first 48 h of fed-batch fermentations. The aim was to determine the usefulness of these secondary metabolites for on-line ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: An experimental study has shown that propylthiouracil increases portal blood flow in normal rats. Whether propylthiouracil has a similar effect in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis remains to be demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral propylthiouracil (300 mg) on systemic and portal hemodynamics ...

To test the hypothesis that craving for alcohol in the alcohol-dependent individual is mediated by a limbic circuit involving the caudate nuclei, regional cerebral blood flow was measured with [99mTc]HMPAO SPECT during control and craving conditions in 9 alcohol-dependent subjects. In all subjects, blood flow in the head of the ...

The interpretation of postmortem cocaine concentrations is made in an attempt to estimate drug concentrations present at the time of death and thus infer not only drug presence but drug toxicity. Previous data suggest that changes in postmortem blood cocaine concentrations over time are not predictable and interpretation of cocaine ...

The levels of m-xylene and n-butyl alcohol in blood of rats during single and combined inhalation exposure to m-xylene and n-butyl alcohol at the concentrations of 100 + 100 ppm were investigated. We found that levels of n-butyl alcohol and m-xylene in blood of animals during single exposure did not ...

The effect of L-propionyl carnitine, the carnitine derivative utilized as a more effective drug for membrane protection, on Na-K ATPase activity of erythrocyte ghosts of alcohol-dependent patients and blood donors has been investigated. The effect of L-propionyl carnitine on leukocyte chemotaxis and cytochrome c reduction, a measure of superoxide ion ...

Three related homicides in which each decedent had significant concentrations of chloroform in blood, fat, brain and/or liver are described. The tissue concentrations of chloroform in one of three decedents were within reported lethal ranges. The concentrations in the remaining two decedents were less than lethal but were well above ...

The possibility of congener production in blood during storage was studied. The material consisted of 216 blood specimens in which ethanol was not detected. We divided the specimens into two groups, A and B. Group A: 97 specimens were stored at 4 degrees C until alcohol analysis, and only exposed ...

OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted with children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to assess the relationship of whole blood serotonin (5-HT) content to a concurrent diagnosis of a disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) and to severity ratings of aggressive behavior. METHOD: Eighteen children and adolescents who met DSM-III-R criteria for ...

Bitterness in wine is elicited primarily by flavonoid phenols, which are bitter and astringent, and by ethanol. Monomeric flavonoid phenols are primarily bitter but as the molecular weight increases upon polymerization, astringency increases more rapidly than bitterness. The chiral difference between the two wine flavan-3-ol monomers produces a significant difference ...

To study the individual variation in chylomicron clearance rate, young healthy volunteers were given a p.o. dose of 50,000 IU retinyl palmitate in the morning to label their chylomicrons. Serial blood samples were then obtained in the time interval 4-8 h after retinyl palmitate intake, to closely monitor the clearance ...

Vascular malformations are errors of vascular morphogenesis, and must be differentiated from vascular tumours such as haemangiomas, because the natural history and treatment are different. Vascular malformations may be arteriovenous with high blood flow, or venous with low blood flow. Venous vascular malformations grow among soft tissues and are difficult ...

This article deals with the pharmacokinetics of ethanol and the reliability of estimating the amount of alcohol ingested from a single measurement of a person's blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Blood alcohol curves were plotted for 108 male subjects after they drank various doses of ethanol (0.51-0.85 g/kg body weight). The ...

This analysis addresses an issue that has concerned road safety authorities for some 28 years: the celebrated "Grand Rapids Dip." This, most readers will recognise, is the below-baseline excursion, which occurs in the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) interval of .01%-.04%, of the relative risk curve for accident risk versus blood ...

We noted a rise in acetaldehyde levels in clinical samples of venous whole blood containing ethanol that did not occur in samples from teetotalers. Experiments were performed to define the mechanism involved in acetaldehyde production. The addition of 0.10% ethanol to whole blood produced an immediate increase in acetaldehyde due ...

The rat is widely used as an animal model for experiments involving ethanol, and alcohol concentrations in blood obtained from the tail routinely are used to monitor ethanol exposure and metabolism. The present study demonstrates that during periods of rising and declining ethanol levels, the alcohol concentrations in tail vein ...

Jejunal intraluminal ethanol causes morphological and mucosal microvascular injury. The purpose of the present study was to understand the mechanism of the morphological alterations caused by ethanol without the influence of ethanol's effect on the microcirculation. Therefore, we have investigated the ethanol-induced morphological changes in the absence of blood flow ...

To assess a possible acute effect of environmental factors on sodium-lithium countertransport (SLC), we determined the activity of this transport system in 14 healthy volunteers, who are nonhabitual drinkers, before and 1 hour after intake of alcohol (0.8g/kg) with "Coke" as the vehicle. Alcohol significantly increased the "leak pathway" component ...

The aim of this study was to determine: 1) the factors implicated in fire deaths in children, 2) the relevance of blood carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (CN) concentrations in child fire victims. 34 child fire victims (17 males: 17 females) were studied. Mean age was 4.5 years. In ...

Acute care hospital morbidity of the Blood Indian Band was compared with that of all Albertans between April 1, 1984 and March 31, 1987. The Blood Indians had over 2.5 times as many hospital separations and 2.2 times as many patient days as the Albertans. The highest separation rare ratios ...

Two cases of alcoholic coma are presented where extensor responses to noxious stimuli are demonstrated. Decerebrate posturing normally indicates severe structural or functional depression of midbrain function but can be caused by depressant drugs. Blood alcohol measurements are a vital test in the comatose patient as the clinical picture may ...

1. A continuous 5 h-exposure to approximately 440 ppm tert-butyl acetate in air (via a tracheal canule) resulted in continuously increasing concentrations of tert-butyl acetate and tert-butyl alcohol (metabolite of tert-butyl acetate) in the blood of rats. 2. This accumulation of tert-butyl acetate and tert-butyl alcohol was reproduced during a ...

In a case involving poisoning with salsalate, a salicylate analogue, the initial blood concentration of the parent drug was underestimated because of the low cross-reactivity of the immunoassay used for the analysis. This resulted in unnecessary additional clinical and laboratory evaluations to find the cause of metabolic acidosis exhibited by ...

Vitamin A and E blood levels were determined, using a high-performance liquid chromatographic method, in 7 patients with erythrodermic psoriasis or psoriatic acral pustulosis associated or not associated with chronic alcoholism, during and after the acute episode. These vitamins were also studied in 5 patients with psoriasis vulgaris involving more ...

A case is described of a 37-year-old man who was breath tested by the U.K. police following a traffic accident and was found to have a breath-alcohol concentration of 70 micrograms/100 mL--twice the U.K. legal limit. The defendant protested vigorously that he had not consumed sufficient alcohol to account for ...

The effect of ethyl alcohol on upper airway reflex sensitivity (UARS) has not been previously investigated in humans. Using a technique that we have previously described, intermittent breaths of low concentrations of ammonia vapour were used to measure the effect of ethyl alcohol 0.55-0.66 g/kg on UARS in ten healthy ...

1. Twelve healthy men drank 0.80 g ethanol kg-1 body weight on four occasions spread over several weeks. Ethanol was given as 96% v/v solvent which was diluted with orange juice to make a cocktail (20-25% v/v). This drink was ingested in exactly 30 min at 08.00 h after an ...