We investigated the effect of dopamine and arachidonic acid on pancreatic blood flow and exocrine secretion in the isolated blood-perfused pancreas of pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized dogs without or with pretreatment with indomethacin or sodium meclofenamate in the absence and during infusion of prostaglandins I2 or E2 (PGI2 or PGE2). Intra-arterial administration ...

The pancreatic blood flow and contrast enhancement in computed tomography (CT) were studied in 10 piglets weighing 17-25 kg with experimental pancreatitis. Each animal served as its own control. CT and blood flow measurements were made both before induction of pancreatitis and 5-6 h after the onset of the disease. ...

In anesthetised animals basal pancreatic blood flow, both in the normal gland and in acute pancreatitis, and basal renal blood flow have been shown to be dependent on prostaglandins (PGs). However, in conscious dogs it has been demonstrated that the reliance of basal renal blood flow on PGs is only ...

Although isolated popliteal node perfusion studies have shown intranodal exchange of water between blood and lymph, questions remain about the significance of such studies. Do some nodes exchange protein with blood, and are there shunt pathways around nodes which tend to buffer intranodal exchange of water? Finally, what is the ...

Postnodal lymph from the sheep caudal mediastinal node (CMN) is used by many investigators to assess lung vascular protein permeability. We explored the possibility that damage to the CMN blood-lymph barrier could produce increases in postnodal lymph flow and lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio (L/P) characteristic of lung vascular damage. Escherichia ...

Terminology in classification of pancreatograms was discussed at a recent international workshop on chronic pancreatitis. A new terminology based on morphological radiographic appearances and a new classification to describe the severity and localisation of pancreatogram changes were agreed. Pancreatograms in chronic pancreatitis are graded as normal or equivocal, or as ...

Effects of bromocriptine on the secretion of pancreatic juice were investigated with dog isolated, blood-perfused pancreas. Bromocriptine (1-10 mg) caused dose-dependent increases in the secretion of pancreatic juice. However, bromocriptine did not affect the perfusion blood flow rate. The secretory response to bromocriptine was inhibited by pretreatment with a dopamine ...

The possibility that a decrease in extracellular volume, induced by diuretics, would cause a decrease in pancreatic blood flow which, in turn, might compromise pancreatic function was examined. Employing fasted anesthetized mongrel dogs, the acute effects of furosemide, a typical high ceiling diuretic, on pancreatic blood flow and plasma levels ...

Forty women were investigated 6 to 24 months after radical mastectomy for the presence of functioning lymphovenous communications in the arm; 20 cases were edematous and the rest were not. Ten normal volunteer women were also investigated and served as controls. Iodinated (I125) human serum albumin was injected intralymphatically in ...

Effects of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine (1:100,000) administered by the various local anesthetic techniques--i.e., infiltration, mandibular block, and intraseptal injection--on pulpal blood flow in dogs were determined using the 15 microns radioisotope-labeled microsphere injection method. The pulpal blood flow decreased significantly with all three techniques; however, the most drastic reduction ...

The thoracic lymph duct was cannulated at the root of the neck in seven anaesthetized, artificially ventilated dogs. The mean control lymph flow was 1.51 ml kg-1 h-1 (SD +/- 0.35). The administration of 1% halothane caused a 59% decrease in mean lymph flow (to 0.62 ml kg-1 h-1) within ...

Experimental evidence has shown that pancreatic blood flow is severely diminished during acute pancreatitis, but it is unclear whether a decrease in blood flow is a critical event in the evolution of complications of this disease. When an episode of edematous pancreatitis is complicated by necrosis of part of the ...

Secretin stimulates pancreatic water and CO2 excretion as well as pancreatic blood flow. It has been questioned whether the production (i.e. water and CO2 excretion) is reflected in the input-output difference of nutrients. In pentobarbital anesthetised dogs, pancreatic exocrine secretion was stimulated by secretin (Karolinska), 1 U/kg injected as an ...

Glucagon effects on the kidney include increased water, creatinine, and amylase clearance. We have compared these effects in several laboratory animal species. Although every species responded to glucagon, 1 mg iv, by some alteration in renal function there were differences in the degree and direction of the changes. Glucagon caused ...

The effects of optical isomers of nicardipine on the secretion of pancreatic juice and blood flow were investigated in the dog-isolated, blood-perfused pancreas. Intra-arterial administration of (-)-nicardipine (10-300 micrograms) caused a dose-dependent increase in pancreatic secretion. However, the (+)-isomer was much less potent than the (-)-isomer and even in 300 ...

An experimental model to perform dynamic studies of exocrine pancreatic secretion from mice has been developed. It consists of a microsurgical procedure in anesthetized mice using a stereoscopic microscope. The bile-pancreatic common duct was individualized, isolated and cannulated. A specially calibrated capillary tube was placed in the free end of ...

The interdigestive pancreatic exocrine secretion of the domestic fowl has been studied following the cosine-vector analysis. For the flow of pancreatic juice the crest phase was at 1040 and the sample amplitude was 2.26 microliter/min. For the amylase output the crest phase was at 1128 and the sample amplitude was ...

The influence of bile flow interruption on the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis has been evaluated in the rat. The pancreatitis was induced by Pfeffer's technique and the severity of the disease was assessed by a macroscopic examination of the pancreatic damage and the calculation of amylase-to-creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR) as ...

These studies were performed to assess the contribution of the pancreas to the somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) circulating in arterial and portal venous plasma. Basal SLI concentrations in arterial, pancreatic venous, and portal venous plasma were 95 +/- 9, 277 +/- 32, and 130 +/- 12 pg/ml, (means +/- SEM), respectively. ...

To analyze the effect of changes in interstitial fluid on lymph production, intravascular infusions of saline were given to splenectomized rats under pentobarbital anesthesia at 3 different rates (2, 3, and 4 ml/100 g of body weight) over 10 min. Change of blood volume was continuously monitored and, simultaneously, thoracic ...

The methods reviewed here include: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of vascular corrosion casts, SEM of intact tissue, SEM of HCl-collagenase treated tissues, light microscopy (LM) of India ink or silicon rubber injected tissues, with stereomicrography, LM of tissue stained by perfusion with hematoxylin, and a correlative study of intravital microscopy ...

Cardiovascular and thoracic duct lymph (TDL) flow alterations were investigated in non-starved rats, lightly sedated with neuroleptanalgesia, before and after osmolar loading. 0.29-, 1.0- and 2.0-M xylose solutions were infused at the rate of 4 ml X h-1 for 20 min. Neither control animals receiving 0.29-M infusions (iso-osmolar) nor those ...

The permselectivity to the small intestinal blood-lymph barrier for the exogenous macromolecules absorbed from the lumen was investigated using in situ rat closed loop experiment. We chose the fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextran (FD) as macromolecule and lipid-surfactant mixed micelles as an absorption promoter. The mean molecular weights of FDs used were ...

The present paper describes a technique for the vascular perfusion of the isolated rabbit pancreas, evidence of the viability of the perfused gland and the responses to stimulation by secretin (Sc) and acetylcholine (ACh). The isolated rabbit pancreas was perfused at a constant pressure through the superior mesenteric artery with ...

To test whether whole-body lymph flow responses to vascular volume loading depend on osmolality, we measured left thoracic duct lymph flow rate and protein concentration, plasma protein concentration, plasma osmolality, hematocrit, and arterial and venous pressures in pentobarbital-anesthetized, acutely nephrectomized dogs. Hypo- (100 mosmol), iso- (309 mosmol), and hypertonic (600 ...

Renal lymph flow, composition and pressure were related to renal function and hemodynamics before and during acute extracellular fluid (ECF) expansion (Ringer's solution, 10% of body wt.) in anesthetized dogs. ECF expansion caused increases in renal lymph pressure and flow and a decrease in the plasma concentration and L/P ratio ...

The pathophysiology of alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis is not clear. Ischemic injury has been suggested as a possible mechanism. To examine the effects of ethanol on pancreatic and splanchnic blood flow, measurements were made in fasted, conditioned awake dogs before and after iv infusion of ethanol (1.7 g/kg). At 30 min ...

We compared whole-body lymph flow responses with and without the autonomic nervous system intact in pentobarbital-anesthetized, acutely nephrectomized dogs. We measured left thoracic duct lymph flow, lymph and plasma protein concentrations, arterial and venous pressures, heart rate, and hematocrit in eight intact and six ganglion-blocked (hexamethonium, 15 mg/kg iv) animals. ...

A previous study from this laboratory demonstrated that lymph nodes can change the protein concentration and colloid osmotic pressure of lymph by transfer of protein-free fluid between the blood and lymph compartments. In that study a Starling force disequilibrium across the blood-lymph barrier caused fluid to transfer through the barrier ...

The effects of furosemide on biliary secretion and on pancreatic hemodynamics and exocrine function were studied by quantitative flowmetry and timed collections of biliary and pancreatic exocrine secretion in the anesthetized dog. Biliary flow and the output of its components (Na+, K+, Ca, Mg, 3-OH bile salts, and bilirubin) increased ...

We investigated the conditions for and the quantity of abdominal contributions to caudal mediastinal node (CMN) efferent lymph in 15 anesthetized sheep with open thorax and lung lymph fistulas. Contractions of the diaphragm by phrenic nerve stimulation increased lymph flow by 29%. Adding large volumes (10 ml/kg) of 5% albumin ...

The canine pancreatic blood flow was studied after iv secretin (resulting in a plasma level commensurate with the postcibal state), and also after larger iv doses and after duodenal acidification. We found that blood flow was unaffected by "physiological" doses of secretin, or by perfusion of duodenum at a pH ...

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of synthetic chicken vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on pancreatic blood flow, exocrine and endocrine secretions of the pancreas, and biliary secretion in dogs. The effect of synthetic chicken VIP on pancreatic blood flow and systemic arterial pressure was identical to that of ...

Blood flow to the pancreatic islets of the rat was estimated with the microsphere technique. Experiments with microspheres of different sizes (diameter 10, 15 or 50 micron) showed that optimal results were obtained with 10-micron spheres. Localization of microspheres either within or outside the islets was accomplished by freeze-thawing of ...

Although low molecular weight (LMW) dextran has been said to decrease the lethality of experimental acute pancreatitis (AP) by reversing stasis in the pancreatic microcirculation, the actual mechanism(s) of action is unknown. This investigation was designed to measure the effects of low molecular weight dextran on pancreatic capillary flow (QCAP) ...

We investigated the effect of secretin and caerulein on pancreatic circulation and exocrine secretion and its relation to prostaglandin (PG) synthesis by studying the effect of these peptides on the pancreatic blood flow and the flow rate of pancreatic exocrine secretion in the isolated blood-perfused pancreas of pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs without ...

alpha-Adrenergic blockade decreases food-stimulated amylase secretion in dogs, suggesting that physiologic sympathetic nerve discharge of norepinephrine enhances pancreatic enzyme secretion. Previous studies have not separated direct effects of adrenergic agonists on pancreatic exocrine cells from effects on blood flow. An in vitro preparation of dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas ...

The microcirculation of the pancreas in anesthetized rats was examined by intravital microscopy. Scanning electron microscopic observation of vascular corrosion casts of the same parts of the pancreas as viewed light microscopically in vivo, allowed detailed analysis of microcirculation in particular vessels. Blood vessels with flowing blood cells were clearly ...

Laparoscopy is a morphological examination and is employed in the examination of the liver and other visceral organs. Further, as a result of recent remarkable progress in endoscopy it has become possible to examine not only the intraperitoneal organs but also the pancreas, a retroperitoneal organ, by means of laparoscopy. ...

The arterial blood flow through the left lobe of the canine pancreas was assessed by means of electromagnetic flow measurements under three different experimental conditions. First, flow was measured in 14 unmodified left pancreatic segments. The mean segmental blood flow was 9.1 +/- 4.5 ml/min, while the mean blood flow ...

Two BASIC microcomputer programs, ESTRIPc and KINET, were used to analyze the kinetics of bacterial clearance from the blood and mesenteric lymph nodes of mice. Because of the similarities between the clearance of bacteria and the clearance of drugs from tissue, blood pharmacokinetic techniques were applied to the analysis of ...

During the autopsy of heroin users, the most consistent morphologic finding is the enlargement of hepatic lymph nodes. Nodes from seven heroin addicts were analyzed for morphine and a concentration range of 0.02 to 0.87 mg/100 g was found. Morphine was detected in all of the nodes examined and the ...

The blood-to-lymph transfer kinetics of cyclosporin A (CyA) were investigated in thoracic duct cannulated rats after a 3 mg kg-1 i.v. bolus injection of tritium-labelled drug. Blood CyA concentrations declined bi-exponentially with a terminal half-life of 13.1 +/- 1.8 h. The appearance rate of CyA in the lymph was also ...

In rabbits, intracerebrally applied erythrocytes can move with the cerebrospinal fluid along connecting pathways between the subarachnoid space and the cervical lymph nodes. This study compares the time dependency for the degradation of intracerebrally injected erythrocytes in the brain as well as in the cervical lymph nodes. Rabbits were killed ...

The effect of duct-obliteration and duct-obliteration induced fibrosis on the capability for vasodilatation of the pancreatic vasculature was investigated in dogs. It was demonstrated that the increase of basal blood flow through left pancreatic segments, induced by intra-arterial injection of papaverin, remained unchanged during 6 months after duct-obliteration. It is ...

The mucociliary flow in the frontal sinus of dogs is in a spiral pattern from medial to lateral. The final evacuation of mucus is through the ostium positioned anteriorly. Mucus flow rate is most rapid in the areas of the ostium and slowest in the area of the intersinus septum. ...

In 12 anaesthetized boars the concentrations of oestrone sulphate and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) were 15- to 35-fold higher in lymph collected from a vessel in the spermatic cord than in testicular venous blood plasma from a vein in the spermatic cord. The concentrations of testosterone, total unconjugated oestrogens and dehydroepiandrosterone ...

Acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced in rats by injecting aqueous solution of sodium taurocholate into the common biliopancreatic duct. Lecithin and lysolecithin were separated from pulmonary homogenate by thin layer chromatography and quantified by phosphorus determination. The ratio of lysolecithin to lecithin increased after the sodium taurocholate injection as well ...

The simultaneous responses of lymph flow and protein concentration were compared using lymph from the right duct (RD) and small afferent tracheobronchial (TB) lymphatics cannulated in the same dog. Lymph was collected during a base-line period and following steady-state left atrial pressure (Pla) elevations. For a mean increase in Pla ...

The pancreas of the dog was divided into segments of left lobe (tail), body and uncinate, but with in-situ blood supply to each segment intact, and comparisons within the same dog were made of various techniques of handling the pancreatic duct. Ligating the duct or allowing it to drain freely ...