Bacterial infection increases mortality and morbidity in acute pancreatitis. The aim of the present study was to analyze possible mechanisms by which bacterial infectious complications may worsen the course of the disease. Systemic arterial pressure, mucosal microcirculation, and intestinal, peritoneal, and pulmonary permeability of 125I-labeled human serum albumin were measured ...

Hypoxia rapidly increases hematocrit (Hct) in anuran amphibians by reducing plasma volume, but the mechanism(s) mediating this response is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that, during hypoxia, plasma volume is reduced by impaired lymph heart (LH) function, decreasing lymph flow into the circulation. In Bufo woodhousei, we measured the effects ...

Wide variations occur in the arrangement of the blood vessels of the superficial lymph nodes in dogs. These vessels were studied using Microfil and Mercox casts, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and the dye Alcian blue. Most nodes receive some arteries at a hilus, but this varies from a single ...

BACKGROUND: This study attempted to increase the exposure of gastrointestinal tract tissues to chemotherapy by prolonging the first pass of intraaortically administered drug by temporary occlusion of vascular structures. METHODS: Bolus infusion of 14C-labeled mitomycin C (MMC) mixed with unlabeled MMC was performed in dogs. Distribution of MMC in gastrointestinal ...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate if metformin, a biguanide used in the treatment of noninsulin-dependent diabetes, induced any changes in splanchnic circulation. For this purpose, anesthetized rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline alone (1 ml/kg BW) or metformin (15 or 30 mg/kg BW) 30 min before ...

Using epifluorescent microscopy, we investigated the dynamic changes in pancreatic microcirculation in vivo after bolus administration of secretin (SEC) (0.1-10.0 micrograms/100 g body wt) and cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) (0.005-1.2 micrograms/100 g body wt) in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. Pancreatic capillary red cell velocity as a monitor for pancreatic capillary blood flow was measured ...

A trial was conducted to establish whether there would be any benefit in feeding mammalian pancreatic enzymes to farmed salmon clinically affected by pancreas disease. Pancreatic enzymes were incorporated at a rate of 4 kg/tonne of feed and fed at 0.6 to 0.9 per cent bodyweight/day for 41 days to ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recent studies have suggested that, in the gastrointestinal tract, nitric oxide is an important mediator of alterations in blood flow and, in some organs, a second messenger involved in secretion. This study examined the role of NO in changes in pancreatic blood flow associated with basal and stimulated pancreatic ...

A complete workup for a 36-year-old man with unexplained inguinal adenopathy and an indurated, enlarged penis and scrotum included urine cultures for bacteria, fungi, and acid-fast bacilli; scrotal ultrasound; computed tomography of the abdomen and groin; a retrograde urethrogram; a cystogram; duplex penile Doppler blood flow studies; and a surgical ...

BACKGROUND: Alcohol predisposes to acute pancreatitis by an unknown mechanism and is known to reduce regional pancreatic blood flow. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether increased blood alcohol causes functional impairment of pancreatic microperfusion as indicated by reduced tissue oxygenation. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled study. SETTING: University hospital laboratory. SUBJECTS: Forty adult ...

The present study was done to investigate the factors regulating the intestinal phase of exocrine pancreatic secretion in the turkey. The intestine of turkeys equipped with pancreatic fistulas was perfused with peptone solution, fat emulsion and hydrochloric acid (HCl), and pancreatic flow and protein output were measured. Neither peptone solution ...

BACKGROUND: Previous reports demonstrated that radiographic contrast medium, as used in contrast-enhanced computed tomography, increases acinar necrosis and mortality in experimental pancreatitis. The authors studied the possibility that these changes may be related to an additional impairment of pancreatic microcirculation. METHODS: Fifty Wistar rats had acute pancreatitis induced by intraductal ...

In this study normoglycemic inbred Wistar-Furth rats were implanted with a syngeneic pancreatico-duodenal graft, i.e. a denervated pancreas. The blood flow to the intact native pancreas and to the transplanted gland was measured with a microsphere technique in anesthetized rats 2 weeks after transplantation. The animals were given an intravenous ...

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) has previously been shown to selectively dilate the mesenteric vascular bed, without affecting other vascular beds. Pancreatic blood flow and islet blood flow were therefore measured separately with a microsphere technique in the two regions of the rat pancreas perfused by the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) or ...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that intravenous contrast medium (CM), as used in contrast enhanced computed tomography, aggravates the impairment of pancreatic microcirculation (PM) characteristic of severe pancreatitis and increases necrosis and mortality in necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) in rats. This study evaluates the use of isovolemic hemodilution, which can enhance the ...

The morphology of the microcirculation of the pancreas in 20 monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of vascular corrosion casts and light microscopy (LM) of China ink-injected/cleared tissues. The principal results were that 1) insulo-acinar portal vessels were found between the endocrine and exocrine parts in ...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) on splanchnic blood flow in anesthetized rats. For this purpose, either PP dissolved in saline (225, 450, or 900 pmol/kg body weight/h) or saline alone was infused at a rate of 2 ml/h for 30 min. ...

Impairment of pancreatic microcirculation has often been advocated as one pathogenic mechanism in necrotizing pancreatitis. In contrast, data on pancreatic capillary perfusion in edematous pancreatitis are scarce. It was the aim of this experimental study to compare changes in pancreatic microcirculation in edematous and necrotizing pancreatitis. Twelve rabbits were allocated ...

The fate of Aeromonas hydrophila after a bacteriaemia in four healthy pigs intravenously inoculated with 10(9) and 10(15) cells of the bacterium was investigated. In two pigs slaughtered 30 min after inoculation the bacteria were found in blood (8 x 10(2)/ml and 4.2 x 10(2)/ml), meat and fatty tissues (1-10/g), ...

To elucidate the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the blood flow of the pancreatic islets, the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (N-arg; 25 mg/kg BW) was administered iv to rats 10 min before pancreatic blood flow was measured with a nonradioactive microsphere technique. In male Sprague-Dawley rats, N-arg induced a ...

The effects of four different immunosuppressive drugs on organ blood flow were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intravenously with 0.2 ml of either 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG; 5 mg/kg body weight), RS 61443 (80 mg/kg body weight), FK 506 (0.5 mg/kg body weight), cyclosporin A (9.5 mg/kg body weight), or the vehicles ...

PCR has been used to amplify a 540 base pair fragment of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat region encompassing the U5/R/U3 regions from proviral HIV DNA that was present in the lymph nodes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of three HIV-infected individuals. The resulting PCR ...

To evaluate the effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on whole pancreatic blood flow and islet blood flow in the rat, anaesthetized adult rats were injected intravenously for 90 s with VIP (500 ng/kg body weight). Immediately after the injection, the whole pancreatic and islet blood flows were measured with ...

Previous studies have indicated that various conditions under which an increased functional load is posed on the pancreatic islets, e.g. partial pancreatectomy and continuous glucose infusions, may influence the microcirculation of the pancreas. To investigate further the effects of elevated functional demand on the islets, the blood perfusion of the ...

The effects of intravenously administered octreotide (5 or 10 micrograms/kg body weight) on pyloric, duodenal, colonic, pancreatic, and islet blood flow were investigated with a microsphere technique in anesthetized rats. The lower dose of octreotide reduced only pyloric blood flow, while the higher dose caused a reduction also in duodenal ...

Upper and lower limits to basal lymph flow rates per unit tissue mass calculated from measurements of initial tissue uptake rates of 131-I albumin and steady-state lymph/plasma or interstitial fluid/plasma concentration ratios of endogenous albumin are compared with published measurements of lymph flow. The upper limit corresponds to purely convective ...

Based on the notion that reductions in pancreatic blood flow may play a role in the pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis, a method for measuring pancreatic blood flow, using H2 gas clearance with a ductal electrode, was developed. Preliminary animal experiments using this methodology suggest that the fibrotic pancreas behaves like ...

The blood vascular bed of two human pancreata was replicated partially by arterial perfusion of intentionally reduced amounts of low viscosity methacrylate resin, to be observed with a scanning electron microscope. The findings were compared with those obtained from a pancreas replicated completely by a sufficient amount of resin. Complete ...

Anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats (350-400 g) were injected intravenously with either 0.1, 1, 15, or 25 nmol rat islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), 65 or 650 pmol rat calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), or saline alone. IAPP at the two highest doses decreased the mean arterial blood pressure (BP), increased blood glucose ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the use of 125I-labeled human serum albumin (125I-HSA) and autologous 51Cr-labeled red blood cells (51Cr-RBCs) as lymph flow markers to estimate lymph drainage of the peritoneal cavity in conscious sheep. In one group, we assessed lymph drainage from the appearance of intraperitoneally ...

In this review we summarized the evidence favoring the concept that the major plasma proteins are passively transported across vascular walls through water-filled pathways by means of convection and diffusion. With regard to solute transport, a majority of microvascular walls seems to show a bimodal size selectivity. This implies the ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of experimentally induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis on jejunal oxygen transport, jejunal oxygen consumption, and mucosal PO2. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized trial. SETTING: Animal laboratory. SUBJECTS: Domestic pigs aged 7 to 8 wks. INTERVENTIONS: Two groups of pigs were anesthetized with midazolam and sufentanyl, mechanically ventilated, and ...

An experimental model of chronic pancreatitis was produced by a chronic ischemia which was induced by ligation and separation of branches flowing into the left pancreatic lobe from the splenic artery. Macroscopic findings at 3 and 6 months after model preparation showed that the pancreas was hard, with severe inflammatory ...

A method was conceived for the purification of biomolecules on a continuous-flow basis using affinity adsorption. The affinity ligand was bound to a nylon belt which was passed sequentially through four chambers to which flows of feedstock, wash medium, eluent and regeneration medium were applied. The target compound was thus ...

To study the role of pancreatic blood flow and vasoactive substances in the development of acute pancreatitis, we measured portal vein blood levels of bradykinin, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), histamine, serotonin, and pancreatic enzymes, and with an electromagnetic blood flowmeter we recorded gastroduodenal arterial flow (GDAF), superior mesenteric arterial flow (SMAF), ...

Peripheral lymph collected acutely has been commonly sampled as representative of non-visceral interstitial fluid. By developing a prenodal lymphatic-lymphatic (L-L) shunt, we were able to collect peripheral lymph for 3-5 days in unanesthetized dogs. The L-L shunt was constructed entirely of medical grade silicone rubber tubing designed with a slip ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiolabeled microsphere technique for pancreatic blood flow measurements. Using a canine model with an isolated pancreatic circulation, we assessed the shunting of 11- and 15-microns-diam microspheres in the pancreas, correlated pancreatic blood flow measurements obtained with the microsphere technique with those ...

The development of long-circulating liposomes containing lipid derivatives of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), termed Stealth liposomes, has considerably improved the prospects for therapeutic applications of liposomal drug delivery systems. We have examined the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of long-circulating, as compared to conventional, liposomes after subcutaneous (sc) administration in mice. Results obtained ...

Adult rats were isovolemically hemodiluted with isotonic dextran-solutions to reduce the hematocrit by approximately one third. This procedure decreased the mean arterial blood pressure but markedly increased cardiac output. The serum glucose concentration was increased, whilst the serum insulin concentration remained unchanged. The blood flow values and the vascular conductances ...

Although blood flow and cholinergic tone influence gastric and salivary gland secretion, their role in pancreatic secretion is poorly defined. The purpose of the present study was: (1) to test the hypothesis that an increase in pancreatic blood flow accompanies stimulated pancreatic exocrine secretion, and (2) to examine the effects ...

Our previous data showed that the pancreatitis induced in rats by cerulein develops into hemorrhagic pancreatitis following water-immersion stress. The present study examined the effects of water-immersion stress and high doses of cerulein (intraperitoneal injection) on pancreatic blood flow. Five hours of water-immersion stress reduced the local pancreatic blood flow ...

Bilateral retinopathy of pancreatitis developed in a 36-year-old male patient during recurrent acute necrotizing pancreatitis. The retinopathy remained clinically unchanged between the detection and the death 6 days later. Characteristics of the retinal lesions were histologically similar to cotton-wool spots of other origin, but all the retinal vessels including vessels ...

Afferent mammary lymphatic flow was characterized in conscious lactating cows during milking and prior to, during, and after intramammary infusion of endotoxins. Lymph flow (13 to 45 ml/h) was pulsatile with monophasic and multiphasic episodes. Flow resulted from 62 to 67 episodes per h. Episodes varied from 1 to 53 ...

The effect of PACAP, a new VIP-like neuropeptide, on femoral arterial blood flow was studied in anesthetized beagle dogs. Intra-arterial infusion of PACAP38, PACAP27, or VIP (0.25-25 pmol/kg) induced a dose-related increase in femoral blood flow. The dose-response curve for PACAP27 or PACAP38 was similar to that for VIP, but ...

OBJECTIVE: This phase-I study transferred the concept of isovolemic hemodilution, which has been proven beneficial in the treatment of experimental acute pancreatitis to the patient. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Pancreatic ischemia represents one main mechanism in the pathogenesis of necrotizing pancreatitis. Isovolemic hemodilution with dextran 60 has been shown experimentally to ...

BACKGROUND: Endogenous nitric oxide has been implicated in the control of mesenteric circulation, but its role in the control of pancreatic blood flow and exocrine pancreatic secretion has not been studied. METHODS: Secretory studies were performed on conscious dogs with chronic pancreatic fistulas, and changes in pancreatic blood flow were ...

In vivo fluorescent microscopy with direct observation of flow through the islet was used to investigate the islet microcirculation. In urethane-anesthetized rats (n = 18), the pancreas was exposed and an islet was identified under direct microscopy. The vertical illuminator for fluorescent microscopy was turned on and fluorescein-albumin conjugate or ...

This study was designed to investigate the role of bradykinin in the aggravation of acute pancreatitis. After injection of bradykinin 2 micrograms/kg to anesthetized rabbits with cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis, the pancreatic blood flow through gastroduodenal and superior mesenteric arteries (GDAF and SMAF) was determined with electromagnetic blood flow meters, the ...

In this study, changes in the microcirculatory dynamics of the pancreas in response to normal feeding, sham feeding, and truncal vagotomy were investigated to elucidate the involvement of a neural mechanism in the physiological modulation of pancreatic blood flow in the conscious state. Continuous measurement of changes in the microcirculation ...

Changes of pancreatic blood flow (PBF) during acute pancreatitis (AP) have been under investigation by means of electromagnetic flowmeters, radioactive microspheres, isotope fractionation, radioactive gas clearance, and venous outflow techniques. All methods, however, have certain drawbacks, which make the application of other techniques desirable. In this study, the hydrogen clearance ...