Mesenteric lymph has recently been invoked as an avenue for gut-derived factors that may result in distant organ injury following hemorrhagic shock. We demonstrate that posthemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph primes neutrophils (PMNs) and causes lung injury. Methods. Mesenteric lymph was collected from Sprague-Dawley rats from their mesenteric lymph duct prior ...

Many of the complications of severe acute pancreatitis are the result of the amplifying effects of microcirculatory disruption. The factors causing microcirculatory disorders in acute pancreatitis involve vasoactive mediators such as platelet-activating factor (PAF) and endothelin-1 (ET) activated during the inflammatory response to pancreatic injury. To further evaluate the potential ...

BACKGROUND: Gut hypoperfusion may have a role in the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure, which is a the main cause of death in severe acute pancreatitis. We hypothesized that gut hypoperfusion is present early in acute pancreatitis and that supporting the systemic hemodynamics by fluid resuscitation would prevent this. METHODS: ...

We measured the lymph flow of the thoracic duct using an ultrasound transit-time flowmeter and then analyzed the obtained flow signals by fast Fourier transform. We found that the wave form included a low frequency component (approximately 0.1 Hz) as well as high frequency components which represented cordiac pulsation and ...

BACKGROUND: Blood flow in the pancreas before and after transplantation has not been studied sufficiently. Blood flow in the pancreatic transplant as a function of type vascular anastomosis used has not been explored. AIM: The objective of our study was to study blood flow in the intact pancreas prior to ...

Intranodal angioarchitecture was used as criterion for the differential diagnosis of lymph node alterations by colour duplex sonography. The influence of the adjustment of the duplex unit on the diagnostic accuracy and on the rate of lymph nodes with detectable intranodal flow signals was tested. A total of 243 superficial ...

The lymphatic vessels of the lung provide an important route for clearance of interstitial edema fluid filtered from pulmonary blood vessels. However, the importance of lung lymphatics for the removal of airway liquid filtered from the systemic circulation of the lung has not been demonstrated. We studied the contribution of ...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether inhibition of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase with acetazolamide interfered with pancreatic islet and whole splanchnic blood perfusion in rats. Carbonic anhydrase is present both in the endocrine cells and, in particular, the endothelium of the pancreatic islet. Thiobutabarbital-anaesthetized, male Sprague-Dawley ...

BACKGROUND: Anastomotic failure after pancreaticojejunostomy is still a common problem. Failure rates have not decreased perceptibly in the past 3 decades. The neck of the pancreas is a vascular watershed between celiac and superior mesenteric arterial systems. Prior attempts to reduce anastomotic failure at pancreaticojejunostomy have not focused on issues ...

Translocation of bacteria from the intestine causes local and systemic infection in severe acute pancreatitis. Increased intestinal permeability is considered a promoter of bacterial translocation. The mechanism leading to increased gut permeability may involve impaired intestinal capillary blood flow. The aim of this study was to evaluate and correlate early ...

This study aimed to elucidate possible age-related changes in islet blood perfusion in lean and obese C57BL/6 mice. Obese mice aged 1 mo were hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic and had an increased islet blood flow compared with age-matched lean mice. This augmented blood flow could be abolished by pretreatment with leptin. ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of color Doppler sonography in detecting possible differences in blood flow patterns and B-mode sonographic characteristics between malignant and benign cervical lymph nodes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a period of 10 months, the palpable cervical lymph nodes of 39 patients were prospectively evaluated with B-mode ...

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in microcirculation during the development of acute pancreatitis was not clear. An in vivo microscopic technique was used for evaluating leukocyte-endothelial adherence in the pancreatic microcirculation after induction (cerulein) of acute pancreatitis. Microdialysis was performed to detect pancreatic nitrate concentration (NO level) by high-performance ...

The present study tested the hypothesis that changes in pancreatic islet blood flow correlate with the difference in diabetes incidence between male and female nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. The blood flows were determined by a microsphere technique. In animals aged 10 and 14 weeks, the islet blood perfusion was 3-fold ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the uptake and transport of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), which have been proposed as alternative drug carriers, into the lymph and blood after duodenal administration in rats. METHODS: Single doses of two different concentrations of aqueous dispersions of unlabelled and labelled SLN (average diameter 80 nm) were ...

The islet organ of the Atlantic hagfish, a cyclostome, phylogenetically is the most original islet parenchyma. It is well equipped with blood vessels, but lacks nerves. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relative proportions between regional blood flows in these animals with a microsphere technique and ...

The present investigation on pancreatic juice (PJ) and duodenal fluid (DF) was carried out in 10 crossbred (Jersey x Kankrej) male cow calves from birth to early ruminant state (15 week). The respective samples were measured in situ by cannulating the pancreatic duct and duodenal lumen, 30 minutes before feeding ...

OBJECTIVE: To validate the safety of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (GD-DTPA) by measuring its effect on pancreatic capillary perfusion and acinar injury in acute pancreatitis. BACKGROUND: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is proposed as a gold standard for early evaluation of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. However, iodinated contrast media used for CECT have ...

A reduction of pancreatic blood flow has been observed in acute and chronic pancreatitis in animal models. Most available blood flow techniques are either too invasive or impractical to carry out in humans. Since the arrival of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), our understanding and management of pancreatic disorders has gradually ...

Intravenous administration of streptozotocin (STZ) leads to permanent diabetes mellitus in rats. We investigated the possible role of islet microcirculatory changes and free radical formation in this animal model. In vivo fluorescence microscopy was performed for 4 h after administration of STZ. Vascular permeability, capillary blood flow, and endothelial leukocyte ...

Aluminium hydroxide (AH) and aluminium phosphate (AP) adjuvants, labelled with 26Al, were injected intramuscularly (i.m.) in New Zealand White rabbits. Blood and urine samples were collected for 28 days and analysed for 26Al using accelerator mass spectrometry to determine the absorption and elimination of AH and AP adjuvants. 26Al was ...

OBJECTIVES: To measure the blood flow distribution and oxygen transport in pancreatitis and to evaluate the regional effects of increased systemic blood flow. DESIGN: Nonrandomized controlled trial. SETTING: A general intensive care unit in a tertiary care center. PATIENTS: 10 patients with pancreatitis requiring mechanical ventilation were studied after fluid ...

Dry blood from mammals and birds was used as larval diet for the development of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché), in the laboratory. Diets that contained host blood and cornmeal heated at 40 degrees C for 30 min were inadequate for most larvae to form pupae. Development time ...

BACKGROUND: The ability of an antibiotic to reach bactericidal concentrations in tissue depends on numerous factors including tissue composition and regional perfusion. Although necrotising pancreatitis is characterised by progression of pancreatic necrosis over at least 96 hours and microcirculatory alterations, the impact of these changes on the concentration of antibiotics ...

Portal hypertension (PH) is associated with a hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation, partially mediated by nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of PH and nitric oxide on pancreatic islet blood flow. PH was induced by a calibrated stenosis of the portal vein in male ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ethanol on pancreatic blood flow and interstitial pH in chronic pancreatitis. BACKGROUND: Ethanol is known to contribute to the development of both acute and chronic pancreatitis. However, it is unclear how ethanol precipitates episodes of acute pancreatic inflammation ...

With use of in vivo microscopy, pancreatic duct permeability, red blood cell (RBC) velocities, functional capillary density (FCD), and overall changes in capillary blood flow (perfusion index) were estimated after intraductal infusion of sodium taurocholate (0.8 ml, 4%) alone or in combination with systemic administration of cholecystokinin (CCK, 0.3 microg/100 ...

Exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) causes airway epithelial damage in vitro. We have studied the effects of luminal H2O2 in the sheep trachea in vivo on tracheal permeability to low-molecular-weight hydrophilic (technetium-99m-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid; 99mTc-DTPA) and lipophilic ([14C]antipyrine; [14C]AP) tracers and on the tracheal vascular response to luminal capsaicin, which ...

The aim of the study was to investigate how the incretin candidate hormone gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) affects splanchnic blood flow, especially pancreatic islet blood flow. For this purpose, male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intravenously with either saline or GIP (5 or 15 micrograms/kg body weight) 10 min before blood ...

Jugular lymph flow of anesthetized rabbits in response to infusion of mannitol solutions differing in osmolarity were measured. Either an isotonic (310 mosmol), hypotonic (100 mosmol), or hypertonic (605 mosmol) mannitol solution was infused into either the internal carotid artery (ICA) or the right lateral ventricle (RLV). Lymph was collected ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of endotoxin, bacteria, and potential humoral and cellular mediators in thoracic duct lymph and peripheral blood in patients with severe refractory multiple organ dysfunction. DESIGN: Convenience sample. SETTING: General intensive care unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS: Two men and 2 women were studied after ...

The effects of local periarterial placement of capsaicin upon pancreatic blood flow, oxygen extraction from pancreatic circulation and oxygen consumption by pancreatic tissue were measured in anesthetized dogs. These studies explored also the possible role of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in the pancreatic vascular and metabolic responses to periarterial capsaicin. ...

The present study evaluated whether a microsphere technique could be used for islet blood flow measurements in anesthetized mice. When this was confirmed, we applied the technique in different strains of mice. Approximately 9 x 10(4) microspheres could be given without interfering with mean arterial blood pressure. Mixing of the ...

Measurement of local pancreatic blood flow during acute pancreatitis is thought of as being technically difficult in smaller animals. In this study, we first employed an intraductal electrode method of the hydrogen clearance technique for measurement of changes in local pancreatic blood flow in two types of acute pancreatitis in ...

The pancreatic islet blood flow and insulin secretion of adult rats submitted to an isocaloric low protein diet (8% vs. 20%) during pre- and postnatal life were investigated by the nonradioactive microsphere technique. In the basal state, female rats chronically exposed to a low protein diet (LP) displayed a specific ...

CONCLUSION: Islet blood flow stimulation induced by alloxan leads to an increased blood perfusion in all islets, whereas glucose induces a flow increase only in a subgroup of islets. BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to investigate if an increased islet blood flow was associated with an enhanced ...

With the use of epiilumination fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate for the first time in vivo the existence and function of direct arteriovenous communication (arteriovenous shunt) in rat pancreatic acinar tissue. In eight Sprague-Dawley rats the corpus and tail of the pancreatic gland were reviewed for arteriovenous anastomoses. In seven animals ...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP-38) on splanchnic blood flow in anesthetized rats. For this purpose, either PACAP-38 dissolved in saline or saline alone was injected intravenously 5 (10 nmol/kg body weight (bw) PACAP-38) and 30 min (5 or ...

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate with progressive destruction of acinar cells and fibrosis. The finding that endothelin-1 (ET-1), an endothelium-derived peptide having vasoconstrictive and mitogenic properties, reduces pancreatic blood flow (PBF) in normal rats suggested that the peptide may be associated with the ...

The role of endogenous platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the control of pancreatic blood flow during caerulein stimulation was investigated. Pancreatic blood flow in anesthetized rats was measured continuously by laser Doppler flowmetry for 2 h during the intravenous infusion of caerulein (0.25 micrograms/kg per h). Pancreatic blood flow showed a ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which increased lymph flow can return fluid and protein to the circulation in the chronically anemic fetus. STUDY DESIGN: Thoracic duct lymph flow rate over a range of outflow pressures was measured in 8 near-term fetal sheep 4 ...

CONCLUSION: The production, release, and transport of carbon dioxide from tissues to blood are facilitated both systemically and in the gastrointestinal tract in acute pancreatitis. Red blood cells are responsible for the major exchange and transport of this increase in CO2. The existence of arteriovenous shunting within the intestine is ...

The aim of the present study was to see if L-arginine, which induces insulin release and is a precursor of the endothelial-derived relaxing factor nitric oxide, affects whole pancreatic and/or islet blood flow. For this purpose, anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intravenously with either saline or L-arginine (25, 100 ...

The present study examines the suggestion that in the absence of adequate bile and pancreatic juice, which support the absorption from the gut of long-chain fatty acids into lymph, the fatty acids are absorbed directly into the portal blood. Oleic acid (18:1) partitioning between lymph and portal blood was investigated ...

The role of ischaemia in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis is unknown. Some experimental studies have shown that ischaemia has little effect on the pancreas, while others have found an association with pancreatic injury. Ischaemia-reperfusion damage has been well documented in other sites such as the intestine, cardiac muscle, and ...

PURPOSE: To determine whether hyperglycemia affects pancreatic islet microcirculation in vivo and whether nitric oxide is a mediator. METHODS: Islet blood flow was measured before and after infusion of glucose during in vivo microscopy of mouse pancreatic islet. The pancreas of male BALB/c mice was exteriorized and viewed under the ...

BACKGROUND: Hypertonic-hyperoncotic solutions (HHS) have attracted a lot of interest in the treatment of various forms of hypovolaemic conditions during the last decade. It has been speculated that HHS might even be of therapeutic value in normo- and hypervolaemic conditions by mobilising extravascular fluid. METHODS: We studied thoracic and abdominal ...

The microcirculation of the pancreas in 20 monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was further studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of vascular corrosion casts and light microscopy (LM) of Chinese ink-injected/cleared tissues. The results revealed that 91% of islets observed received arterial blood from the terminal branches of the intralobular arteries--the afferent ...

BACKGROUND: Acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) is characterized by decreased capillary pancreatic blood flow. Thus, antibiotics may not reach pancreatic necrosis in therapeutic concentrations and consequently fail to prevent bacterial infection of the pancreas which today is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in ANP. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether improvement ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Advanced chronic pancreatitis is associated with a reduction in pancreatic blood flow. To determine the physiological significance of this decrease, pancreatic interstitial pH was measured in a model of obstructive chronic pancreatitis in cats and in patients with chronic pancreatitis. METHODS: In cats, pancreatic interstitial pH and ...