Ovarian vascular Doppler is a promising screening test for early ovarian cancer detection. However, disagreements on flow indices used, flow signal shapes and ovarian vessel localization cause continuing controversy. We aimed at clarifying some of this confusion by directly measuring the adnexal arterial blood flow during laparotomy. A 10-MHz continuous ...

This article reviews literature on the highly differentiated nature of the luteal cell types and their regulation in the mid-cycle corpus luteum of ruminants. The blood vessels of the corpus luteum are composed primarily of endothelial cells with few intraluteal arterioles or arteries. Blood flow to the corpus luteum does ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine endometrial changes throughout the menstrual cycle. DESIGN: Flow cytometric analysis of endometrial cells versus chronological dating. SETTING: Women volunteers with a normal menstrual cycle participated in this study that was done in an academic research environment. PATIENTS: Two hundred thirty regular menstruating women with adequate luteal phase ...

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to examine the effects of RU 486 and leuprolide acetate on uterine artery blood flow and uterine volume. STUDY DESIGN: Patients were randomly assigned to group A (eight patients) receiving 25 mg of RU 486 daily for 3 months or group B (six patients) receiving 3.75 ...

Recent studies from our laboratory in fasting pregnant ewes with twin gestation have implicated low serum calcium concentration in the etiology of hypertension in pregnancy. We hypothesized that the reduction in serum calcium concentration produced by feeding of a calcium-deficient diet in twin gestation would lead to a significant increase ...

There is sometimes a discrepancy between the apparent thickness of postmenopausal endometria, as determined by transvaginal ultrasonography, and the examination of endometrial biopsies. We describe a case which showed that tamoxifen (20 mg/day over 12 months) decreased impedance to blood flow in the uterine arteries and increased the apparent thickness ...

Uterine and umbilical blood flows were measured in pregnant sheep (125-142 days gestation) under normothermic and hyperthermic conditions using the Fick principle with [14C]antipyrine as the indicator. Exposure of the sheep to an ambient temperature of 43 +/- 1 degrees C (25-30% relative humidity) for 8 h increased maternal and ...

The uterine hemodynamic response to maternal positioning in dorsal recombency was evaluated in 7 conscious pregnant cows during the third trimester. Anesthetic or sedative drugs were not administered. Uterine artery flow was measured, using a previously implanted ultrasonic flow probe. Catheters implanted in the uterine artery and vein were used ...

Pregnancies ending before 37 weeks gestation are the leading cause of infant morbidity and death. A recent study involving over 2,000 patients concluded that the beta-adrenergic agonist, ritodrine (Yutopar), the only tocolytic agent currently approved for clinical use, had no significant beneficial effect on perinatal mortality, the frequency of prolongation ...

OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that uterine blood flow is regulated by systemic circulating factors. The alternative hypothesis is that uterine blood flow is regulated by local factors. STUDY DESIGN: Adult female New Zealand White rabbits were subjected to a unilateral tubal ligation and thereafter allowed to become pregnant (n ...

The aim of our study was to assess the age and hormonal influence on endometrial and myometrial thickness and uterine blood flow in postmenopausal women. One hundred and nine healthy postmenopausal women were examined by transvaginal ultrasonography and color Doppler ultrasonography. Twenty women (18.4%) were under continuous HRT for at ...

The current study was undertaken to determine if blood loss at the time of cesarean section is affected by method of placental removal (spontaneous versus extracted) or uterine position for repair (in situ versus exteriorized). This prospective randomized study involved 100 women who were undergoing a cesarean section. The patients ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood flow characteristics of the uterine artery and intratumoral vessels in patients with GTD. Twelve patients with GTD were evaluated with TVS, and 11 also had CFD sonography performed. Spectral analysis of both uterine artery and samples intratumoral and intramyometrial vessels ...

Necrotising granulomatous inflammation of the uterine corpus associated with transcervical laser ablation of the endometrium occurred in four patients. The abnormalities seen, including extensive necrosis and hyalinisation with foreign body giant cells containing black foreign material, and eosinophilic homogenisation around blood vessels, were due to the effects of tissue fulguration. ...

In vitro phagocytosis and chemotaxis of uterine and blood-derived polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were compared in mares with different resistance to chronic uterine infection (CUI). Both the primary in vitro function of PMNs and the role of uterine environmental factors on PMN function were investigated. The uteri of mares susceptible to ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess intrafollicular blood flow in relation to ovarian morphology and function during the periovulatory period. DESIGN: A prospective, longitudinal study of random, natural ovarian cycles. SETTING: The Ovarian Screening Clinic and Endocrine Laboratory of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom. PATIENTS: Women ...

OBJECTIVE: To measure the flow velocity of the uterine, radial, spiral, and ovarian arteries during the periovulatory period in spontaneous and induced ovarian cycles with confirmed ovulation. DESIGN: Daily measurements during the periovulatory period in 78 patients attending an infertility clinic because of the male factor in infertility. RESULTS: Uterine ...

Sperm are vectors of disease. During mammalian insemination bacteria from the male and female genitalia regularly cling to sperm tails and are transported to the uterus. I propose that menstruation functions to protect the uterus and oviducts from colonization by pathogens. Menstrual blood exerts mechanical pressure on uterine tissue, forcing ...

Exposure to ozone (O3), a toxic component of photochemical smog, results in significant airway inflammation, respiratory discomfort, and pulmonary function impairment. These effects can be reduced via pretreatment with anti-inflammatory agents. Progesterone, a gonadal steroid, is known to reduce general inflammation in the uterine endometrium. However, it is not known ...

Two experiments were conducted to determine how progesterone and oestradiol regulate pulsatile secretion of PGF2 alpha from the ovine uterus. In Expt 1, ovariectomized ewes received: (1) no treatment, (2) oestradiol, (3) progesterone, or (4) oestradiol and progesterone (n = 5 ewes per treatment group) to approximate the changes in ...

A technique for the collection of utero-ovarian vein blood in postmenopausal women is described. This technique enables the study of the endocrinology of postmenopausal ovaries and of the pelvic endocrine milieu. The sampling of blood from the utero-ovarian veins was almost always adequate, and there were no complications.

INTRODUCTION: The development of PIH is associated with a defective trophoblast invasion and conversion of spiral arteries into low-resistance uteroplacental arteries. Hypertension may then be a compensatory response to a defective uteroplacental perfusion. Similar mechanisms may operate in IUGR. AIM: To compare uterine artery Doppler blood flow measurements with placental ...

Twelve healthy women with regular menstrual cycles were examined with a combination of two-dimensional real-time ultrasound and color and spectral Doppler techniques on cycle days 4 and 8 and daily from cycle day 12 until follicular rupture, then days + 1, +2, +5, +7 and +12 after follicular rupture. The ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes that occur in vascular resistance to flow in the utero-ovarian circulation and their correlation with the number of follicles and steroid hormone levels in patients undergoing ovarian stimulation with gonadotropin. DESIGN: In a prospective study, the impedance to flow in the intraovarian and uterine vessels ...

Uterine extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and blood flow (BF) were assessed after unilateral intrauterine injection of sesame oil to rats given either ideal sensitization for the decidual cell reaction or one of several forms of non-ideal sensitization. The study was intended to determine how changes in uterine ECFV and BF ...

Ten women with tubo-ovarian infectious complex caused by pelvic inflammatory disease were investigated with vaginal Doppler sonography during the acute and healing phase of the infection. Doppler velocity waveforms were quantitated by the resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI). A low resistance blood flow was found at the margin ...

Measurement of blood progesterone concentrations with a rapid, on-farm test was used to guide the clinical management of 3 cows with parturient disorders. An 8-year-old cow in the third trimester of pregnancy had chronic vaginocervical prolapse with partially dilated (4 cm) necrotic cervix. Blood progesterone concentration estimated with the test ...

BACKGROUND: The pain of parturition is associated with major physiologic alterations mediated by neurohumoral factors and increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Epidural local anesthetics abolish or alleviate many of the pain-mediated responses by reducing maternal catecholamine levels, inducing sympathectomy and consequent vasodilatation. The hormone response to surgical stress ...

An ultrasounds triplex system (pulsed Doppler, Color mode, B mode) has been employed to study ovarian and uterine circulatory changes in fertile, infertile and postmenopausal patients. PI and mean percentage variation of PI mean values have been used. No difference has been detected in uterine haemodynamics between fertile women and ...

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the uterine vascular responses to endothelin-1 in pregnant and estrogen-treated nonpregnant sheep. STUDY DESIGN: Seven pregnant and five nonpregnant oophorectomized ewes received local uterine artery infusions of endothelin-1, norepinephrine, and phenylephrine. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and uterine blood flow were recorded. RESULTS: ...

With the inrush of new data the recent clear division of neural, hormonal and immunological regulation has been seriously complicated. Both central and peripheral neural tissue produce over 30 neuropeptides, among which are many classic peptide hormones. A steroid biosynthetic pathway has been demonstrated in oligodendrocytes. However, the distribution and ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the contributions of uterine artery diameter and mean flow velocity to the increase in volumetric flow during human pregnancy. METHODS: Volunteers (18 pregnant and six not pregnant) were studied using both a commercially available Doppler instrument with imaging ultrasound and an improved Doppler instrument with software that ...

The role of thromboxane in the gravid normotensive (CD) and hypertensive (SHR) rat was investigated (by utilizing two thromboxane receptor-blocking drugs, EP092 and AH23848) both at mid-gestation and at term. The parameters examined were uterine blood flow (blood flows were measured by the microsphere technique) and uterine weight and placental ...

OBJECTIVE: Amniotic fluid infection promotes cytokine release, prostaglandin production, and premature labor. In several tissues local hypoxia also activates the secretion of cytokines. Many patients initially seen in premature labor carry small-for-gestational-age fetuses, a condition associated with intrauterine hypoxia. The purpose of our study was to determine whether a reduction ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between estradiol (E2), progestogen, and impedance to blood flow in the uterine artery. SUBJECTS: Twelve postmenopausal women treated for two cycles with transdermal E2, 0.05 mg/d, with either norethindrone acetate, 0.7 mg, or medroxyprogesterone acetate, 10 mg added sequentially. MEASUREMENTS: Transvaginal ultrasonography and color flow ...

A cannulation technique was developed to collect blood samples from the ovarian vein of mares over an extended period. Ovarian venous cannulae placed in 4 mares remained patent for a mean (+/- SEM) duration of 36.8 (+/- 6.2) days. During mid-diestrus, concentrations of progesterone in the ovarian vein ipsilateral to ...

OBJECTIVES: Our study was designed to determine whether nitric oxide mediates estrogen-induced increases in uterine blood flow. STUDY DESIGN: Six nonpregnant oophorectomized ewes were instrumented with uterine artery flow probes and catheters. Ewes received estradiol-17 beta 1 microgram/kg, which maximally increased uterine blood flow by 120 minutes. Each animal then ...

In rodents, steroids are able to pass between fetuses. Although not previously examined in mice, we have provided evidence that blood flow in the uterine loop artery in rats is bidirectional and that steroids are transported between fetuses by diffusion via the uterine lumen, not via the uterine blood vessels ...

Ephedrine restores and/or protects uterine blood flow and fetal well-being in laboratory animals. In contrast, alpha 1-adrenergic agonists worsen uterine blood flow and fetal condition. We previously demonstrated that magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) attenuates the detrimental effects of phenylephrine on uterine vascular resistance in gravid ewes. Therefore, we performed this study ...

The administration of oestrogen results in increased arterial blood flow in all mammalian species studied to date, but its mechanism of action has not been elucidated. Because an interval of 30-60 min is observed between oestrogen injection and uterine hyperaemia, it has been suggested that a vasoactive intermediate is involved ...

Pelvic sonoangiography (PSAG) using transvaginal color Doppler was done on 16 postmenopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Seven women had no endometrial carcinoma and nine had carcinoma. No flow was detected around and within the endometrium in noncancer patients. PSAG showed a feeder artery (blood flow with pulsation that runs ...

We have evaluated 48 spontaneous ovarian cycles in 23 women by transabdominal Doppler ultrasound. A total of 1064 intraovarian flow velocity waveform recordings were obtained. The ultrasound assessment of follicular growth, and changes in the concentrations of urinary luteinizing hormone and serum progesterone were used to classify the cycles. After ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of premature ovarian failure due to whole abdominal radiotherapy (DXT) in childhood on uterine physical characteristics and blood flow and measuring the uterine response to exogenous sex steroid replacement. DESIGN: A comparative observational study SUBJECTS: 10 women with premature ovarian failure due to treatment with ...

Blood flow is a primary mechanism controlling reproductive organ functions. In the present study, radioactive microsphere techniques were adapted to measure ovarian, uterine, and vaginal blood flow levels in C57BL mice. Anesthetized animals were tracheostomized and the left carotid artery was cannulated. The heart was exposed and 113Sn-labeled spheres (15 ...

For the purpose of collecting active ovarian structures for cell culture, unilateral ovariectomy (n = 34 ovaries) was performed per vagina on 17 dairy cows having normal estrous cycles, bilateral ovariectomy was performed on 9 (n = 18 ovaries) dairy cows, and corpora lutea (n = 13) were removed from ...

By using a rubber shod Bainbridge type vascular clamp during myomectomy, the uterine blood supply coming from the ovarian artery can be interrupted medial to the ovary, allowing for adnexal perfusion. The gap in its clamp jaws provides a space for the fallopian tube to pass through undamaged. When used ...

Consumption of Ponderosa pine needles by late-pregnant beef cows results in the premature delivery of a viable calf. We have demonstrated the presence of a factor(s) in plasma from cows fed pine needles that specifically increased uterine arterial tone (i.e., decreased arterial diameter) in vitro. This study was designed to ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a measure of uterine blood flow impedance (the pulsatility index, PI) as determined by transvaginal ultrasonography with color blood flow imaging, may be used to assess endometrial receptivity immediately before the time of embryo transfer (ET) after assisted conception. DESIGN: A prospective study of infertile women ...

Prostaglandins circulating in the maternal and foetal blood have been implicated in important physiological systems. These functions include foetal adrenal function, maintenance of patency of the ductus arteriosus, regulation of uterine and umbilical circulations, and labor and delivery type myometrial contractions. The placenta is a major site of prostaglandin production ...

Acute foetal asphyxia, caused by arrest of uterine blood flow, increases both sympathetic activity and peripheral vascular resistance and decreases blood flow to peripheral organs (Jensen et al., J. Dev. Physiol., 9, 543-559). The rapidity and uniformity of this peripheral vasoconstriction suggest that the sympatho-neuronal system may reflexly cause these ...