Here we explore the role of microfabricated device geometry on frequency-dependent low Reynolds number steady streaming flow and particle trapping behavior. In our system, flow and particle trapping is induced near an obstruction or cavity located in an otherwise rectilinear oscillating flow of frequency ω and amplitude s in a ...

Abstract. To strengthen active dengue surveillance in Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy, two French Caribbean islands, we evaluated the epidemiological usefulness of collecting blood samples from NS1-positive dengue patients on filter paper to identify the dengue serotypes circulating in these regions during a 27-month period. This approach allowed dengue serotypes ...

Background  It is well known that blood transfusion is life-saving, but also that it carries a serious risk of transmitting viral infections. Introduction of new methods of testing for transmissible diseases, blood banking and dispatch regulations has considerably increased the cost of blood products. However, the clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness ...

BACKGROUND: -Continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have become the dominant devices for mechanical circulatory support, but their cost-effectiveness is undetermined. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of continuous flow devices for destination therapy versus optimal medical management in advanced heart failure and compared the results to previous estimates for ...

Introduction: Haemodiafiltration increases convective clearances, and online haemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) was introduced to reduce costs of producing large volumes of ultrapure water. Previous reports have suggested that OL-HDF may be a cost-saving therapy by reducing recombinant human erythropoietin requirements and those for other medications. We therefore costed OL-HDF with high-flux haemodialysis. ...

Hemodynamic control can improve the outcome of surgery. Esophageal Doppler monitoring measures blood flow by ultrasound waves. This work investigates the cost-effectiveness of this procedure during colorectal resection. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of esophageal Doppler monitoring used in colorectal resection were conducted to help determine its cost-effectiveness. An analytical ...

Perioperative use of a cell saver device can serve as a cost-beneficial alternative to the transfusion method, especially in countries where the cost of a single unit of blood is high. The purpose of this study, conducted in a Greek hospital, was to calculate the cost benefit of using a ...

The role of emergent intervention in prenatal testicular torsion is controversial. We report a case of successful testicular salvage of incomplete prenatal torsion. A 1-day-old male infant presented with a bluish-hued scrotum at birth. Testicular ultrasonography demonstrated right testicular torsion with minimal peripheral blood flow. Scrotal exploration was performed, confirming ...

Flow cytometry is now a recognized methodology within animal spermatology, and has moved from being a research tool to become routine in the assessment of animal semen destined to breeding. The availability of 'bench-top' flow cytometers and of newer and versatile markers for cell structure and function had allowed the ...

Blood transfusion refers to the perioperative administration of blood and blood components. Adherence to proper indications for blood component therapy is essential because of its potential adverse effects and costs of transfusion. Over the years, the significance of blood components in treating certain diseases or conditions has been recognized. In ...

Open radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) has an average blood loss of over 1,000ml. This has been reported even from high volume centres of excellence. We have looked at the clinical and financial benefits of using intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) as a method of reducing the autologous blood transfusion requirements for ...

To investigate blood flow changes in retinal and optic nerve diseases with Doppler Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Sixty-two participants were divided into five groups: normal, glaucoma, nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), treated proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Doppler OCT was used to scan ...

Genitourinary tract samples are required to investigate male HIV-1 infectivity. Because semen collection is often impractical, the acceptability, feasibility and validity of post-prostatic massage fluid/urine (post-PMF/U) was evaluated for studying male genitourinary HIV-1 shedding. HIV-1-seropositive men were evaluated after 48 h of sexual abstinence. At each visit, a clinician performed ...

Purpose. To determine whether subfoveal choroidal blood flow is altered in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and whether this alteration is associated with central cone-mediated dysfunction. Methods. In 31 RP patients (age range, 15-72 years) with preserved visual acuity (range: 20/30-20/20), subfoveal choroidal blood flow was measured by real-time, confocal laser Doppler ...

Formation and maintenance of the blood-retinal barrier is required for proper vision and loss of this barrier contributes to the pathology of a wide number of retinal diseases. The retina is responsible for converting visible light into the electrochemical signal interpreted by the brain as vision. Multiple cell types are ...

To investigate the effects of fasudil, a Rho-associated coiled coil-forming protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, on normal or impaired optic nerve head (ONH) blood flow in a rabbit model. ONH blood flow was measured by laser speckle flowgraphy. Changes in ONH blood flow were examined during a continuous intravenous infusion of ...

Luminance flicker stimulation of the photoreceptors is known to increase retinal blood flow. Elevated blood velocity was determined using laser Doppler velocimetry, and increased vascular diameters during flicker were observed by measurements with a retinal vessel analyzer. Oxygen supply may be the target of the regulation of retinal blood flow. ...

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and cost effectiveness of the OrthoPAT blood salvage system (Haemonetics Corp., Braintree, MA) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Two-hundred-and-two patients who received the OrthoPAT system were matched to 202 controls. A second match was performed for subjects weighing <75 kg. For all matched subjects, no ...

To demonstrate the 3-dimensional nature of wedge-shaped retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) losses. To study the impact of training glaucoma fellows in this identification technique by evaluating their rate of RNFL loss detection on stereo disc photographs. Wedge-shaped RNFL defects were identified in stereo disc photographs of early-glaucoma patients. The ...

The present article describes a standard instrument for the continuous online determination of retinal vessel diameters, the commercially available retinal vessel analyzer. This report is intended to provide informed guidelines for measuring ocular blood flow with this system. The report describes the principles underlying the method and the instruments currently ...

Laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) allows for the quantitative estimation of blood flow in the optic nerve head, choroid, retina and iris in vivo. It was developed to facilitate the non-contact analysis of ocular blood flow in living eyes, utilizing the laser speckle phenomenon. The technique uses a fundus camera, a ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of radial optic neurotomy and retinal endovascular surgery on retinal blood flow velocity in patients with central retinal vein occlusion. A prospective interventional case series. Six patients with a central retinal vein occlusion of <12 months' duration were included. Three ...

Aberrant retinal blood flow is a hallmark of various retinopathies and may be a causative factor in the pathology associated with these conditions. We examined the effects of pulsatile flow on bovine retinal endothelial cell (BREC) and bovine retinal pericyte (BRP) apoptosis and proliferation. Co-cultured BRECs and BRPs were exposed ...

Glaucoma is characterized by loss of retinal nerve fibers, structural changes to the optic nerve, and an associated change in visual function. The major risk factor for glaucoma is an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). However, it has been demonstrated that a subset of glaucoma patients exhibit optic neuropathy despite ...

We investigated the effects of prostaglandin F(2α) (PGF(2α)) analogues on the endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced impairment of optic nerve head (ONH) blood flow and on ET-1-induced contraction in isolated ciliary artery segments. In male rabbits, one of four PGF(2α) analogues [0.0015% tafluprost, 0.0015% 15-hydroxyl tafluprost (15-OH tafluprost), 0.005% latanoprost, or 0.004% travoprost] ...

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy of unknown origin. The most important risk factor for the disease is an increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Reducing IOP is associated with reduced progression in glaucoma. Several recent large scale trials have indicated that low ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) is a risk factor for the ...

A growing body of evidence suggests that effective blood pressure reduction may inhibit the progression of microvascular damage in patients with essential arterial hypertension. However, the potential influence of anti-hypertensive drugs on ocular circulation has not been studied sufficiently. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of ...

The retina is nourished by two distinct circulations: the retinal vessels within the inner retina and the choroidal vessels behind the neural retina. The outer nuclear layer and the inner and outer segments of the photoreceptors in between are avascular. The aim of this study was to determine whether arterial ...

To investigate perifoveal capillary blood flow velocity and retinal thickness at the central fovea in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and macular edema and to assess their relation with visual acuity and visual prognosis. Eighteen patients with BRVO and 16 healthy volunteers were compared. Perifoveal capillary blood flow ...

To evaluate the correlation of the retinal blood vessel position and the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness profile. RNFL thickness of 81 healthy subjects was measured using scanning laser polarimetry (SLP). To quantify the retinal blood vessel position, the angle (superior and inferior) between a horizontal line and a ...

BACKGROUND: With increasing evidence that vascular risk factors play a role in the development of glaucoma, it is critical to be familiar with factors related to intraocular blood flow, such as the ocular pulse amplitude (OPA). This study evaluates OPA and factors related to it in a healthy, Hispanic population. ...

To investigate whether any peripapillary retinal blood flow changes are related to disc hemorrhage (DH). The study included 21 eyes of 21 patients, of which 14 eyes had glaucoma. All eyes were examined at the time of detection of DH and again 6 months later. Blood flow in the peripapillary ...

The Retinal Function Imager (RFI) (Optical Imaging, Rehovot, Israel) is a novel method for assessing retinal blood flow characteristics and demonstrating the dynamics of fine retinal vasculature. The authors report a new pattern of retinal blood flow in five patients with idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasia (IJT) type 2. Retinal circulation is ...

PURPOSE: To examine the association of the parapapillary blood flow parameters with severity of visual field loss (VFL) in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients. DESIGN: Observational clinical study. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with OAG and 30 normal subjects were studied prospectively. Parapapillary blood flow parameters were obtained for superotemporal and inferotemporal quadrants ...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) impacts on macrovasculature and autonomic function and may therefore interfere with ocular microvascular regulation. We hypothesized that choroidal vascular reactivity to hyperoxia and hypercapnia was altered in patients with OSA compared with matched control subjects and would improve after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). ...

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal disorder clinically characterized by a pale, waxy optic nerve head, attenuated retinal blood vessels, and bone spicule pigment in the retina. Hemodynamic studies have demonstrated that RP is associated with a reduction in the retinal and choroidal blood flow. Retinal hemodynamic impairment is ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamic course of experimental thrombosis and thrombolysis of the retinal veins. METHODS: Dynamic changes in the blood flow in the retinal veins were documented on a digital recorder through a microscope-mounted video camera and were analyzed on a monitor by ...

To evaluate the haemodynamic features of young healthy myopes and emmetropes, in order to ascertain the perfusion profile of human myopia and its relationship with axial length prior to reaching a degenerative state. The retrobulbar, microretinal and pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) of one eye of each of twenty-two high ...

PURPOSE: Cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and atherosclerosis seem to play an important role in the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Recent studies have also provided evidence suggesting that choroidal and retinal blood flow is decreased in patients with AMD. On the basis of these results, the hypothesis ...

CONTEXT: Retinal perfusion variability impacts ocular disease and physiology. AIM: To evaluate the response of central retinal artery (CRA) blood flow to temperature alterations in 20 healthy volunteers. SETTING AND DESIGN: Non-interventional experimental human study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Baseline data recorded: Ocular surface temperature (OST) in degrees C (thermo-anemometer), CRA ...

Abstract. Purpose: The phosphodiesterase inhibitor moxaverine has been shown to increase choroidal blood flow (BF) in young healthy subjects. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of intravenously administered moxaverine on ocular BF in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and in age-matched ...

BACKGROUND: In patients who have macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion, the role of vasoactive molecules such as growth factors and the influence of molecules related to leukocyte adhesion need to be investigated further. METHODS: A prospective study was performed to investigate the relations between perifoveal capillary blood flow ...

The purpose of this study is to measure blood flow velocity of rabbit retinal vessels using a 45-MHz ultrasonic Doppler system with a needle transducer. A high-frequency pulsed Doppler system that utilizes a 45-MHz PMN-PT needle transducer was developed to measure retinal blood flow velocity in situ. The pulsed Doppler ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of hemodilution on subfoveal choroidal blood flow in the human eye with or without retinal vein occlusion. METHODS: Choroidal blood flow was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry in 28 patients with retinal vein occlusion in 1 eye. Isovolemic hemodilution was performed when hematocrit was >35%. ...

The purpose was to determine whether there was a breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier in a patient with choroideremia. A 27-year-old man with typical choroideremia underwent standardized ophthalmo-logical evaluation, including quantitative measurement of aqueous flare intensity, by a laser flare-cell meter. The results showed areas of atrophy of the choriocapillaries ...

BACKGROUND: To investigate the effects of intravitreal bevacizumab on retrobulbar circulation in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHOD: Thirty patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration were assessed prospectively by both color Doppler imaging and fundus fluorescein angiography. Spectral Doppler analysis allowed the measurement of the maximum velocity (Vmax) ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate blood-flow responses before and after microkeratome application. SETTING: School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom. METHODS: Hemodynamic responses were measured in eyes of healthy volunteers before and after transient elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP) resulting from microkeratome application. The IOP was elevated above ...

Perioperative blood loss is a major problem in elective orthopedic surgery. Allogeneic transfusion is the standard treatment for perioperative blood loss resulting in low postoperative hemoglobin, but it has a number of well-recognized risks, complications, and costs. Alternatives to allogeneic blood transfusion include preoperative autologous donation and intraoperative salvage with ...

PURPOSE: To determine the day and night differences in intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous flow, outflow facility, uveoscleral outflow, and central corneal thickness (CCT) in juvenile and adult rabbits. METHODS: Studies were performed on twelve 3-month-old and ten 12-month-old male New Zealand White rabbits. Daytime measurements were made between 9 AM ...

The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms of retina-to-blood transport of l-proline across the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in vivo and in vitro, and to identify the responsible transporter(s). The vitreous humor/retina-to-blood transport of [(3)H]l-proline across the BRB was evaluated by microdialysis. Transport mechanisms of [(3)H]l-proline were ...